General Info

courseProgram

Material and composite. Inorganic, metallic and organic materials. Chemical, chemical-physical and mechanical characterization of materials. Diffusion and transport of fluids in materials. Natural and artificial pigments and dyes, pastels, paints and enamels. Binders: aerial and hydraulic limes, cements. Clays, crockery, pottery, glass. Metals and alloys. Colorimetry.

examMode

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING CAPACITY Having developed the knowledge of the basic chemical-physical characteristics of the constituent materials of the artifacts of archaeological and historical-artistic interest and of the related degradation processes.
ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING Having developed the ability to understand and apply the contents discussed during the lessons to the daily activities of studying the materials and the state of conservation of the artifacts of archaeological and historical-artistic interest.
AUTONOMY OF JUDGMENT To be able to evaluate and recognize materials and forms of degradation of artifacts of archaeological and historical-artistic interest.
LEARNING SKILLS To be able to describe scientific issues inherent in the constituent materials of works of art in written and oral form. This ability will be developed through the active involvement of students through oral discussions in the classroom and written papers on specific topics related to the course.

books

Handouts and slides provided by the teacher
Amoroso, Trattato di scienza della conservazione dei monumenti, Alinea Ed.
F.Bertoni, Chimica Applicata ai materiali da costruzione, Ed. Zanichelli.

mode

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING CAPACITY Having developed the knowledge of the basic chemical-physical characteristics of the constituent materials of the artifacts of archaeological and historical-artistic interest and of the related degradation processes.
ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING Having developed the ability to understand and apply the contents discussed during the lessons to the daily activities of studying the materials and the state of conservation of the artifacts of archaeological and historical-artistic interest.
AUTONOMY OF JUDGMENT To be able to evaluate and recognize materials and forms of degradation of artifacts of archaeological and historical-artistic interest.
LEARNING SKILLS To be able to describe scientific issues inherent in the constituent materials of works of art in written and oral form. This ability will be developed through the active involvement of students through oral discussions in the classroom and written papers on specific topics related to the course.

classRoomMode

Optional but highly recommended to better understand the course topics and participate in experimental activities and visits to companies and industries.

courseProgram

Wood macroscopic structure
Wood microscopic structure
Chemical characterization
Macroscopic and microscopic identification
Wood defects
Wood dendrochronological dating
Wood decay
Physical characterization.
Durability
Mechanical properties
Wood technological properties of each tree species.
Wood conservation
Technical standards
Laboratory for each topic of lectures

examMode

Oral test and practical test for wood description and identification.

books

Nardi Berti (2006). Contributi Scientifico Pratici per una migliore conoscenza del legno
Dispense Bonamini e Uzielli e Zanuttini: Dispense di Tecnologia del Legno, Università degli Studi di Firenze.
Romagnoli M- Dendrocronologia per i Beni Culturali e l’ambiente. Nardini Editore.
Gambetta A 2010. Insetti e Funghi che attaccano il legno. Nardini editore, Firenze.
Liotta G. Insetti che attaccano il legno. Nardini editore
Altri testi di riferimento
Giordano G., 1984. Tecnologia del Legno
Palanti S. 2013.
Dispense distribuite a lezione dal docente.
Normativa tecnica di riferimento
Nocetti M. 2013. I Difetti del legno. Quaderni di Sherwood, Ecoalleco libri
Borghini e Massafra (a cura di) 2002. Legni da Ebanisteria.

mode

Lectures and project work in the laboratory.

classRoomMode

Lectures and project work in the laboratory.

courseProgram

MODULE: MICROBIOLOGIA/MICROBIOLOGY
The course will take place according to the following breakdown:
1. History of Microbiology (notes): the discovery of the world of micro-organisms and the controversy over spontaneous generation; microorganisms as agents of disease and their role in the transformation of organic matter.
2. Technical basis of microbiological laboratory: the microscope, notes of optical physics; fresh and colorful slides; electron microscopy (transmission and scanning); pure culture and its achievement; general principles of microbial nutrition; preparation culture media, theory and practice of sterilization; controls sterility.
3. Cytology of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell: general introduction; structure and ultrastructure of the bacterial cell; structure and function of the membrane; transport systems across membrane; cell wall and its chemical composition and characteristics; the wall of Gram + and Gram -; cell wall of archaebacteria and eukaryotes; capsule and the associated virulence; cell movement and structure for movement; chemotaxis, bacterial endospore, structure, function and importance; overview of spores of eukaryotes and the alternation of generation; mitochondria and respiratory function; overview of the arrangement of DNA and cell division.
4. Cell physiology: brief review of cellular chemistry and biochemistry (activation energy, catalysis and enzymes, biological redox reactions, hydrogen and electron transport; phosphate molecules with energy bonds); production of energy in biological systems; glycolysis and similar ways; re-oxidation of NADH: fermentation and respiration; alcoholic and lactic fermentations, aerobic respiration, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the electron transport system; energy balance of catabolism; notes on anaerobic respiration, biosynthesis of cellular material.
5. Microbial growth of a single cell and a microbial population; measure of growth and related curve; catabolic repression and diauxia; effect of cultivation conditions on microbial growth.

The laboratory practices cover the following topics:
1. The pure culture and its isolation: spreading and crawling, the re-isolation; the enrichment cultures;
2. Cultural media
3. Microscopy and microscopic observation; observations of fresh samples; simple and differential staining and observations of stained preparations;
4. Cultivation of microorganisms and measurement of microbial growth (direct and cultural counts, dry weight, turbidimetry).

examMode

The opportunity to carry out an in itinere test will be assessed with the students. If it will take place about halfway through the semester, it consists of a questionnaire with open answers.
The ongoing test, carried out approximately half of the teaching, consists of a questionnaire with open and closed answers.
Those who have taken the test in itinere and accept the positive result, will take the final oral exam on topics other than those covered by the on-going test. In this case, the oral consists of 1-2 questions.
If the on-going test is not carried out or the outcome is not accepted, the oral exam consists of 2-3 questions, of which, generally, 1 on laboratory exercises, 1-2 on the part of General Microbiology.
In particular situations or peculiarities of one or more candidates, the exam can be done in written form with five open-ended questions, evaluated as for the oral exam. Candidates will be given one and a half hours to respond.
The attribution of the final grade will take into account: the level of knowledge of the contents (superficial, appropriate, precise and complete, complete and in-depth), the ability to apply the theoretical concepts (discrete, good, well established), the ability to analyze , of synthesis and interdisciplinary connections (sufficient, good, excellent), of the critical abilities and of formulating judgments (sufficient, good, excellent), of the mastery of expression and use of scientific-technical language (lacking, simple, clear and correct, safe and correct).

books

- Brock, Biologia dei microrganismi - Microbiologia generale, ambientale e industriale 16/Ed. -Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, David A. Stahl, W. Matthew Sattley, Pearson, 2022
- Brock, Biologia dei microrganismi - Microbiologia generale, ambientale e industriale 14/E - di Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, David A. Stahl, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley - Pearson, 2015.
- Biologia dei microrganismi di G. Dehò e E. Galli, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, nuova edizione (3^ edizione), 2018.
- Microbiologia di D.R. Wessner, D. Dupont e T.C. Charles, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, 2015.
- Brock, Biologia dei Microrganismi di M.T. Madigan e J.M. Martinko, D.A. Stahl, D.P. Clark, Pearson, 2012. Volume 1.
- Brock, Biologia dei Microrganismi di M.T. Madigan e J.M. Martinko, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana. Volume 1.
- Biologia dei microrgaismi di G. Dehò e E. Galli, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, 2012.

mode

The didactic methodologies adopted in teaching are:
front lessons conducted using Power Point presentations, laboratory activities and, finally, discussion of theories and/or case studies and real ones.

classRoomMode

Mandatory

bibliography

- Brock, Biologia dei microrganismi - Microbiologia generale, ambientale e industriale 16/Ed. -Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, David A. Stahl, W. Matthew Sattley, Pearson, 2022
- Brock, Biologia dei microrganismi - Microbiologia generale, ambientale e industriale 14/E - di Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, David A. Stahl, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley - Pearson, 2015.
- Biologia dei microrganismi di G. Dehò e E. Galli, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, nuova edizione (3^ edizione), 2018.
- Microbiologia di D.R. Wessner, D. Dupont e T.C. Charles, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, 2015.

courseProgram

Introduction to the Biodeterioration of Cultural Heritage
The Kingdoms of Organisms
Eukaryotic Organisms: Fungi
Sampling and Investigation Methods
Control Strategies for Biodeteriogens on Cultural Heritage

Activities:
Practical exercises on sampling methods, cultivation, and identification of microorganisms responsible for biodeterioration
Evaluation of microbial sensitivity to products used in the restoration of cultural heritage

examMode

the written test will contain a series of questions aimed at ascertaining the student's theoretical knowledge of the theories presented in class
the objective of the oral exam is to verify the student's communication skills
The objective of the evaluation of the group projects is to verify the ability to work in a group and to tackle specific problems

books

BIOLOGIA VEGETALE PER I BENI CULTURALI-Vol I -Caneva Giulia-Nugari Mari Pia-Slavadori Ornella - Nardini Editore
FUNGHI E INSETTI NEL LEGNO-Diagnosi, Prevenzione, Controllo Gambetta Ann
Moodle platform

mode

in class

classRoomMode

in class

bibliography

materials (e.g. articles, video) provided during the course

courseProgram

The students will be evaluated throughout the course both on theoretical and practical aspects by all of the teachers involved on the course post off.
Written exams, research, reports and power points, and practical tests will be carried out throughout the course

examMode

The final evaluation, for simplicity expressed according to levels Ottimo; Distinto; Buono; Discreto; Sufficiente; Insufficiente will be based not only on technical capacity but on various other criteria (see CRITERI DI VALUTAZIONE)
This final evaluation will be subject to confirmation in the final exam which will include the conservation treatment reports submitted by the students at the end of the course

books

L. Lazzarini Pietre e marmi antichi, Ed Milani 2004
Marmi antichi a cura di G. Borghini, Ed. De Luca 1998
P. Rockwell Lavorare la pietra
Bernini scultore a cura di Anna Coliva, Ed. De Luca 2002
L.Lazzarini, M.Laurenzi Tabasso Il restauro della pietra, Ed. Milani 1979
Istituto Centrale per il Restauro DIMOS Tecniche di esecuzione e materiali costitutivi, 1979
CNR-ICR Normal 1/88 Alterazioni macroscopiche dei materiali lapidei: lessico
Jean- Pierre Adam - L'arte di costruire presso i Romani - Materiali e tecniche - Longanesi

mode

Lectures, exercises, laboratory, seminars, individual or group work, teaching experiences in the field, discussion of theories and/or cases, presentations of individual or group work, organized external visits, excursions, other interactive classroom activities.

classRoomMode

Mandatory attendance

bibliography

The specific bibliography will be provided during the course

courseProgram

Teaching module I contributes, together with teaching module II, to providing knowledge on the history of the ancient working techniques of stone artifacts of the classical world (Greek and Roman), including the reference to historical sources.
The course will address the following topics:
1) Relevance of the technical working knowledge of stone artifacts in the context of historical-artistic studies and artifact restoration.
2) Stone materials: quarrying and transport.
3) Stone artifacts of Greek and Roman art: tools, techniques, and processes for the execution of stone artifacts (sculpture, architectural elements, floor and wall coverings, and mosaics). Analysis of some case studies following a methodological path that will use the reading of ancient sources, the direct observation of original artifacts, and their documentation, giving attention to the analysis and recognition of material aspects that constitute the fundamental elements for the study of the stoneworking techniques.
4) Painted and metallic finishing of stone artifacts.
5) Reuse and rework of stone artifacts in ancient, medieval, and modern times.
6) Cases of ancient integration and/or restoration of stone artifacts.
7) Recognition of modern restoration interventions based on the stoneworking technique analysis.
8) Analysis and description of the state of deterioration and conservation of stone artifacts: morphological aspects and reading of macroscopic signs.
9) Drafting of a first technical report of the stone artifact and its state of conservation upon arrival in the laboratory.
Exercises and visits to museums and monuments will be an integral part of the course.

examMode

Expected knowledge and skills will be verified through an oral interview with questions that may involve the comment of images. The preparation will be considered adequate if the student demonstrates good language skills with the use of the correct archaeological terminology, good knowledge of the main topics covered during the course, familiarity with tools and stoneworking techniques and processes, as well as the ability to place the stone works in the historical-artistic context of reference.

books

P. ROCKWELL, Lavorare la pietra. Manuale per l’archeologo, lo storico dell’arte e il restauratore, Roma, La Nuova Italia Scientifica, 1992 (per la scultura).
U. PAPPALARDO - R. CIARDIELLO, Mosaici greci e romani. Tappeti di pietra in età ellenistico-romana, Verona, Arsenale Editore, 2010 (per il mosaico).

mode

The course will consist of a series of lectures (48 hours), divided in two teaching modules accompanied by projections and integrated with analysis of ancient stone works and artifacts. Exercises and visits to museums and monuments will be organized in order to illustrate the topics covered in the course.

classRoomMode

Attendance to the lessons of the course is compulsory. The student will have to follow more than 70% of the lesson hours.

bibliography

Further reference bibliography will be provided during the lessons

courseProgram

The course will be articulated by alternating theoretical and practical activities with field applications and the presentation of case studies, in order to provide the widest panorama on the most up-to-date information technologies that contribute to the documentation, enhancement and dissemination of cultural heritage.
The effort made in recent years to improve the photorealism that computer graphics are able to transmit thanks its sophisticated hyper-realistic effects has now also infected scientific environments in which communication and dissemination through the image is fundamental.
The study of a Cultural Property for reconstructive purposes certainly cannot ignore a strictly scientific approach that takes into account historical knowledge, scientific, bibliographic data, etc., otherwise the entire operation would be reduced to a mere exercise of the potential of computer graphics. .
Given these assumptions, the reconstructive study must be combined with the use of modern information technologies, not only to meet the needs related to the interpretation of the data itself, but also and above all to transmit the scientific data to an increasingly vast and heterogeneous public, with an innovative approach capable of satisfying different levels of interest and understanding.
The course therefore includes an introductory theoretical part of basic computer science relating to hardware and software components, and to the nature and processing of digital images. Ample space will then be reserved for the study of the most modern instrumental expeditious systems for the relief and documentation (in 2D and 3D) of archaeological and historical-artistic assets, in order to be able to evaluate their different effectiveness and metrological precision and the possible fields of application. This awareness will lead from time to time to the most appropriate choice in relation to the resources available, the time and the nature of the Property being studied.
Ample space will also be given to the use of AutoCAD software, and the techniques for the acquisition and processing of digital images, aimed at photogrammetric use (monoscopic photogrammetry, digital photogrammetry, close range multi images survey systems, creation digital terrain models, DEM, TIN, photo-straightening, photoplanes and photomosaics). The course will include the practical use of techniques for topographic survey, (total station, metric and operational characteristics of 3D scanning systems), systems and software for three-dimensional modeling.

examMode

The final evaluation will take place through an oral exam, during which the student will have to present a topic of their choice, among those discussed during the course; and answer questions on theoretical and practical topics taught during the course

books

1- U. Marrone: Elementi di Informatica per esami e concorsi, Edizioni Simone 2015
2- M. Lo Prejato (A cura di): Manuale di informatica avanzato per la certificazione Microsoft Digital Literacy, Fondazione Mondo Digitale 2010.
3- Cannarozzo et Alii : Fotogrammetria Moduli 1-3 Zanichelli Editore 2012, (Scaricabile a questo indirizzo : https://online.scuola.zanichelli.it/cannarozzomisure-5ed/fotogrammetria/)
4- A. Pizzirani: Teoria e Tecnica del Trattamento delle Immagini, Ferrara, 2014.
5- D. Vasta: Video con la Reflex, Apogeo 2015.
(I manuali saranno resi disponibili in formato pdf durante il corso).

mode

The course will be articulated by alternating theoretical and practical activities with field applications and the presentation of case studies, in order to provide the widest panorama on the most up-to-date information technologies that contribute to the documentation, enhancement and dissemination of cultural heritage.

classRoomMode

The course will be articulated by alternating theoretical and practical activities with field applications and the presentation of case studies, in order to provide the widest panorama on the most up-to-date information technologies that contribute to the documentation, enhancement and dissemination of cultural heritage.

bibliography

Remondino, F., 2006: “Image - based modeling for object and human reconstruction”. Mitteilungen Nr. 91, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland.
Remondino, F. And S. El-Hakim, 2006: “Image-based 3D modeling: a review”. The Photogrammetric Record, 21(115).
Luca Lanteri, Giorgia Agresti, Corrado Vaccarella, Luca Lucchetti, Miriam Noto and Claudia Pelosi, The mediaeval crypt of Saint Sepulchre in Acquapendente (Italy): study and photogrammetric documentation of the painted surfaces. in (I. Ruso editor), European Journal of Science and Theology, February 2020, Vol.16, No.1, 177-185, Iasi 2020.
L. Lanteri, G. Agresti, C. Pelosi, A New Practical Approach for 3D Documentation in Ultraviolet Fluorescence and Infrared, of Polychromatic Sculptures as Fundamental Step in Restoration, Heritage 2019, 2, pp. 207–215.
L. Lanteri, G. Agresti, C. Pelosi, 3d model and ultraviolet fluorescence rendering: a methodological approach for the study of a wooden reliquary bust. Proceedings of the 10th European Symposium on Religious Art, Restoration and Conservation, Prague 31 May – 1 Jun 2018, Kermes Quaderni, Lexis, Torino, 2018, pp. 110-113.

courseProgram

General overview about Earth structure: the crust, the mantle, the core. The lithosphere and asthenosphere. Abundance and distribution of the different elements in the Earth’s crust.
Minerals as constituent elements of the rocks: definition and classification. Amorphous and crystalline minerals, shape and symmetry (systems, classes and spatial groups); atomic structure of minerals, chemical and physical properties of the most common minerals constituting rocks; features of main mineral types: silicate, carbonate, sulphate, sulphite, oxides and halides.
The lithogenetic cycle.
The volcanic rocks: chemical and mineralogic composition of magma and consolidation mechanisms. Common minerals in volcanic rocks and main types of igneous rocks: intrusive, effusive and veins. The volcanic activity. Classification of volcanic rocks basing on structural and chemical criteria.
The sedimentary rocks. The sedimentary processes: physical and chemical degradations, transport, sedimentation and diagenesis. Features of the main sedimentary rock types: silico-clastic, chemical and biochemical. Sedimentary rocks properties. Stratigraphy principles.
The metamorphic rocks. Processes and drivers of metamorphism: temperature, pressure and fluids. Metamorphism degree. Classification of metamorphic rocks basing on texture, shape and chemical criteria.
Weathering processes of rocks: weathering controlling factors, chemical alteration (hydrolysis, dissolution, oxidation), physical weathering and erosion, climate and weathering processes, residual rocks and eluvial deposits.
The main stone material and their classification. Physical and mechanical properties of rocks. Standard UNI and ISO, main laboratory test to determine rocks and soils properties. Overview on the most commons geophysical methodologies applied to cultural heritage field.

examMode

The practical exam consists in the identification and characterization of a rock sample selected among those used during training classes (1 hour duration). The test will be evaluated following these different degrees: Inadequate, Adequate, Good, Excellent. An evaluation equal or higher than Adequate is required to access to oral exam.
The oral exam will consist of discussion about the topics of the course programme examined during theoretical and practical classes, verifying the ability to apply theoretical notions, analytical skills, synthesis skills, critical thinking, making judgments and communication skills. The oral examination will have a duration of about 30 minutes.
The exam evaluation will be based on the practical and oral exams results, assign an evaluation in thirty according to the "Regolamento didattico di Ateneo".

books

Scesi L., Papini M., Gattinoni P. (CEA 2014) - Principi di geologia applicata per ingegneria civile-ambientale e scienze della terra.
D'Argenio B., Innocenti F., Sassi F.P. (UTET 1994) - Introduzione allo studio delle rocce.
Grotzinger J.P., Jordan T.H. (Zanichelli 2020) – Capire la Terra.

Slides and additional material provided by the teacher during the course.

mode

For the course are scheduled: 6 CFU (48 hours) of lectures and 2 CFU (16 hours) of practical training (laboratory and on site).

classRoomMode

The attendance is not mandatory but is highly recommended.

bibliography

See suggested books.
Additional scientific papers useful for the deepening of course's topics.

courseProgram

TEACHING PROGRAM
Title: Outlines of prehistory and research methodology.
The module is divided into two parts. In the first part of the course methodological issues are addressed. A short history of the studies will be followed by themes that aim to provide a critical reading of archaeological sources. Then we will discuss topics on the social organization systems of pre-protohistoric societies through ethno-anthropological points of view and we will introduce topics on the ancient systems of economic exchange. The fundamental stages of man will also be illustrated: his physical evolution, the introduction of the productive economy, the urbanization process, the role of technology and the birth of religion.
The slides of the individual lessons in pdf format will be sent periodically by the teacher to the attending students only.
Students who cannot attend classes are invited to contact the teacher for an interview on the exam schedule and to receive information on the exam texts.

examMode

- The exam consists of an oral test.
- The level of knowledge acquired on the topics covered in the course, the candidate's ability to critically apply this knowledge to problems and case studies addressed, as well as the effective clarity in the presentation will be assessed. The evaluation will be expressed in thirtieths, with possible honors. The minimum mark for passing the exam is eighteen out of thirty.

books

Indication on the exam texts will be provided by the teacher on the first day of class.

BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR THE EXAM
History of studies
DANIEL G., RENFREW C. 1988 – The idea of Prehistory, Edinburgh University.
GUIDI A. 1988 - Storia della Paletnologia, Laterza, Bari. (Biografia di V.G. Childe)
GUIDI A. 2001 – La storia dell’archeologia preistorica italiana nel contesto europeo, in Archeologia teorica, Terrenato N. (ed.), All’insegna del Giglio, Firenze: 23-37.
PERONI R. - Preistoria e protostoria. La vicenda degli studi in Italia, in Le vie della preistoria, edizione Il Manifesto, Roma: 9-70.

General topics
MANZI G. 2007 – L’evoluzione umana, il Mulino, Bologna.
KOZLOWSKI J.K., OTTE M. 1994 – Il Paleolitico superiore in Europa, in J. Guilaine, S. Settis, Storia d’Europa. Preistoria e antichità, vol. 2°, tomo 1°, Einaudi, Torino: 29-102.
DI NOCERA G.M. 2022 - La rivoluzione neolitica e la nascita dell’urbanizzazione (8000-4000 a.C.), in Il Vicino Oriente antico dalle origini ad Alessandro Magno, L. Milano (ed.), EncycloMedia Publishers, Milano: 24-54.
DI NOCERA G.M. 2022 - Vicino Oriente ed Egitto nel IV millennio, in Il Vicino Oriente antico dalle origini ad Alessandro Magno, L. Milano (ed.), EncycloMedia Publishers, Milano: 56-79.
MANFREDINI A. 2006 – Il Neolitico in Europa, in Storia d’Europa e del Mediterraneo, vol. 1, Salerno Editrice, Roma: 267-314.
CAZZELLA A. 2006 – L’Eneolitico in Europa, in Storia d’Europa e del Mediterraneo, vol. 1, Salerno Editrice, Roma: 315-363.
BETTELLI M. 2006 - L’età del bronzo e la prima età del ferro in Europa, in Storia d’Europa e del Mediterraneo, vol. I, Salerno Editrice, Roma: 365-411.
SAHLINS M. 1963 - Sociologia dello scambio primitivo, in E. Grendi, (a cura di) L'antropologia economica, Torino: Einaudi, pp. 99-145.

An integral part of the course are the materials provided by the teacher to the attending students in PDF format of the individual lessons. This material can only be used for educational purposes.

classRoomMode

Attendance: Attendance is not mandatory, however the attending student must be present at 75% of the lessons (18 lessons out of 24). The student who cannot attend will receive adequate teaching material.

bibliography

For further reading:
-V. Gordon Childe 1960 - Piecing Together the Past: The Interpretation of Archaeological Data, Routledge Library Editions.
-Renfrew C. 1987- Before civilisation, Pinguin.

courseProgram

The course presents a series of preparatory lessons aimed at defining the guidelines of the history of contemporary art. In particular, preparatory lessons are planned to define the guidelines of the history of contemporary art from impressionism to the most recent experiences. We provide, through the analysis of some basic figures and junctions, of the contexts, of the founding texts, of the works, the main interpretations that allow the student an adequate approach to the problems of contemporary art, to its fundamental concepts, to the protagonists , to the new languages, to the new hermeneutical models involved, to the new technologies.

examMode

Oral interview that allows the verification of the knowledge of the topics covered by the course (see recommended texts), of the critical ability and analysis of phenomena, of the property of language. Evaluation of 5 historical-critical texts on as many works by artists chosen by the student, to be elaborated following the model online (Moodle) and to be delivered at least 15 days before the exam

books

Students in regular attendance
1. G.C. Argan, L’Arte Moderna 1770-1970. L’arte oltre il Duemila, Sansoni (various editions)
2. E. Cristallini, Dialoghi tra arte e architettura negli anni della ricostruzione 1945-1955, Gangemi, 2017
Students not in regular attendance
In addition to the texts indicated above, it's necessary to study the following volumes:
1. M. De Micheli, Le avanguardie artistiche del ‘900, Feltrinelli (various editions)
2. E. Cristallini (a cura di), Avanguardie del dopoguerra 1945-1952, Lithos, 1999

mode

In line with the educational objectives, in addition to the acquisition of knowledge relating to the history of contemporary art teaching, the acquisition of skills such as the ability to use knowledge and skills is expected. To this end, in addition to lectures, there are: didactic experiences in the field and organized external visits (6-8 hours), interactive classroom activities (4 hours), discussion of theories and case studios (2-4 hours)

classRoomMode

Non-compulsory attendance

bibliography

AA.VV., Arte e spazio pubblico, Silvana Editoriale, 2023
P. Ardenne, Un art contextuel. Création artistique en milieu urbain, en situation d'intervention, de partecipation, Flammarion, 2002
R. Barilli, Prima e dopo il 2000. La ricerca artistica 1970-2005, Feltrinelli, 2006
N. Bourriaud, Arte relazionale, Postmedia Books, 2010
E. Cristallini, Dialoghi tra arte e architettura negli anni della ricostruzione. 1945-1955, Gangemi, 2017
E. Cristallini, Kepoi. Giardini d’artista nella Tuscia, Gangemi, 2005
E. Cristallini (a cura di), L’arte fuori dal museo. Saggi e interviste, Gangemi, 2008
E. Cristallini, A. Giancotti, F. Morgia, G. Marino, (a cura di), Paesaggi incompiuti, Aracne, 2020
P. D'Angelo, Filosofia del paesaggio, Quodlibet, 2010
M. Fabbri, A. Greco, L’arte nella città, Bollati Boringhieri, 1995
M. Fabbri, E. Cristallini, A. Greco. Gibellina. Nata dall'arte. Una città per una società estetica, Gangemi, 2005
V. Fagone, Art in Nature. Art works and environment, Mazzotta, 1996
H. Foster, Il ritorno del reale. L’avanguardia alla fine del Novecento, Postmedia Books, 2006
H. Foster, R. Krauss, Y-A. Bois, B. Buchloh, D. Joselit, Arte dal 1900, Zanichelli (diverse edizioni)
C. Garraud, L’artiste contemporain et la nature, Hazan, 2007
J. Kastner, Land Art e arte ambientale, Phaidon, 2004
M. Kwon, One Place after Another. Site-Specific Art and Locational Identity, The Mit Press, 2002
S. Lacy (a cura di), Mapping the Terrain. A New Genre of Public Art, Bay Press, 1995
G. Lista, Arte povera, Abscondita, 2014
M. G. Mancini, L’arte nello spazio pubblico. Una prospettiva critica, Plectica, 2011
P. Mania, R. Petrilli, E. Cristallini, Arte sui muri della città, Round Robin, 2017
M. Martella (a cura di), L’anima in giardino. Arti e poetiche del genius loci, Habitus, 2018
M. Miles, Art, Space and the City: Public Art and Urban Futures, Routledge, 1997
L. Perelli, Public Art. Interazione e progetto urbano, Franco Angeli, 2006
M. Perniola, L’arte espansa, Einaudi, 2015
J.- M. Poinsot, Quand l’oeuvre a lieu: l’art exposé et ses récits autorisés, Les presses du réel, 2008
F. Poli, Minimalismo, Arte Povera, Arte Concettuale, Laterza, 2014
F. Poli, F. Bernardelli, Mettere in scena l’arte contemporanea, Joan&Levi, 2016
D. Riout, L’arte del Ventesimo secolo, Einaudi (diverse edizioni)
G. Scardi, Paesaggio con figura. Arte, sfera pubblica e trasformazione sociale, Allemandi, 2011
A. Trimarco, L’arte e l’abitare, Editoriale Modo, 2001
M. Venturi Ferriolo, Paesaggi in movimento. Per un'estetica della trasformazione, DeriveApprodi, 2016

courseProgram

The course illustrates the historical development of Etruscan civilization from the Early Iron Age to the Roman conquest.
The main aspects of Etruscan social organisation, art and handicraft production, architecture and religion will be considered, as well as cultural and commercial relations with other peoples of ancient Italy and the ancient Mediterranean.

examMode

The evaluation consists in an oral examination during which the professor will take into account general knowledge of course content and appropriate use of language.
To recognize archaeological materials shown in picture and to place them in a coherent historical context, with interdisciplinary connections will be assessed too.

Evaluation will depend on the achievement of the course objectives:
1) Knowledge of Etruscan history, society, art and handicraft (knowledge and understanding);
2) Ability to illustrate cultural and chronological links (applying knowledge and understanding);
3) Ability to analyze the archaeological documentation and place it in a correct historical and cultural framework (making judgements);
4) Ability to express concepts in a coherent manner, using terminology appropriate to the subject);
5) Mastery of a study method appropriate to in-depth study

EXAMINATION GRADE
- Excellent (30 / 30 cum laude). The student has excellently achieved all course objectives;
- Very good (from 27 to 29): The student has successively fullfilled the corse objectives 1-4 .
- Good (from 24 to 26): the student has achieved the objectives 1-3 and can express course contents in an appropriate language.
- Sufficient (from 21 to 23): the student has achieved the first two expected objectives and can express himself in adequate language, with some inexactness.
Just sufficient (18 to 20): the student has only achieved the first objective of the course and uses language that is not entirely adequate, with errors.
- Insufficient (failure to pass the exam): the student demonstrates that he/she has not achieved any of the intended learning objectives.

The acquisition of these skills will be checked with an intermediate written test

books

Attending students:

G. BARTOLONI (a cura di), Introduzione all'Etruscologia, Milano 2012;
M. CRISTOFANI, L'arte degli Etruschi. Produzione e consumo, Torino 1982.
PPT and additional bibliography provided all through lectures (available on Moodle platform) will be part of the program.

Non-attending students will add one of the following volumes

M. Cristofani, Gli Etruschi del mare, Milano, Longanesi 1983;
G. Bartoloni, Le società dell'Italia primitiva, Roma, Carocci 2003;
V. Bellelli, E. Benelli, Gli Etruschi, La scrittura, la lingua, la società, Rom, Carocci 2018

mode

Frontal lectures (36/40 hours)
Seminars and PPT presentations, visits to Museums and archaeological areas (Museums of Villa Giulia and Viterbo, museum and necropolis of Tarquinia) (8/12 hours).

The students will have the opportunity to participate in laboratory and field activities (drawing and cataloguing of archaeological materials; archaeological excavation in the necropolis of Monte Abatone in Cerveteri).

classRoomMode

Frequency is strongly recommended.

Non-attending students will add one of the following volumes

M. Cristofani, Gli Etruschi del mare, Milano, Longanesi 1983;
G. Bartoloni, Le società dell'Italia primitiva, Roma, Carocci 2003;
V. Bellelli, E. Benelli, Gli Etruschi, La scrittura, la lingua, la società, Rom, Carocci 2018

bibliography

M. Cristofani, Dizionario della Cviltà etrusca, Firenze, Giunti, 1985;

G. Colonna, Etrusca, Arte, in Enciclopedia dell'arte antica classica e orientale, Suppl. II, Roma, Istituto della enciclopedia italiana, 1994, pp. 554-605

courseProgram

This subject treats about the diagnostic analysis, especially the non-invasive ones, used in the study of cultural heritage objects in order to obtain information about the constituent materials and the state of preservation to be used for conservative purposes. The diagnostic methods are theoretically unlimited and can be derived also by other fields of science. Between the most used diagnostics techniques the following are treated: multispectral analysis with digital devices; elemental and molecular analysis by non-invasive portable instruments (X-ray fluorescence, Raman and infrared spectroscopy, reflectance spectrophotometry and other spectroscopic techniques). Innovative diagnostic techniques.

examMode

The exam takes place in the forms established by art. 23 of the University Teaching Regulations. In the evaluation of the test and in the attribution of the final grade, the following items will be taken into account: the level of knowledge of the contents demonstrated, the ability to apply the theoretical concepts to case studies in the field of diagnostics of cultural heritage, analytical capacity, synthesis and of interdisciplinary links typical of this discipline, of the capacity of critical sense and formulation of judgments.
The exam consists of an oral test that will last about 30 minutes.
At the end of the course, a file containing 144 standard questions will be made available on the teaching platform, which can be formulated during the exam.
During the oral exam students will be asked questions on the topics covered during the course and, specifically, on the diagnostic techniques examined and their applications to the specific case studies treated in the lessons. The student must demonstrate that he/she has understood the theoretical principles of the diagnostic techniques studied and the practical applications in the field of cultural heritage. The student of the LMR/02 course will have to demonstrate that he/she has understood the potential offered by diagnostics in the field of conservation and that he is able to plan an investigation plan in the case of a restoration.

books

- Aldo Napoli, Claudia Pelosi, Vittorio Vinciguerra, Principi di analisi spettroscopica con applicazioni ai beni culturali, Aracne Editrice, Roma, 2010, capitoli 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13.

- Salvatore Siano, Archeometria e restauro. L'innovazione tecnologica. Nardini Editore, Firenze, 2012 .

Tutto il materiale didattico è messo a disposizione degli studenti su una cartella condivisa di drive e su piattaforma Moodle.

mode

The teaching methodology will be developed with lecture hall lessons and specific workshops on diagnostic techniques. In particular, the diagnostic techniques will be treated from the theoretical and practical points of view with applications in the field of cultural heritage for the characterisation of the materials, techniques and degradation products.
Practical training will be performed with instruments of Laboratory of Imaging and Instrument Center of University of Tuscia on available artworks.
Practical training: 10 hours.
Lecture hall lessons: 54 hours

classRoomMode

Attendance at the Diagnostics and Spectroscopy for Cultural Heritage course is compulsory, according to the regulation of the LMR/02 degree course.
Absences are allowed for a maximum of hours equal to 30% of the total.

bibliography

- Aldo Napoli, Claudia Pelosi, Vittorio Vinciguerra, Principi di analisi spettroscopica con applicazioni ai beni culturali, Aracne Editrice, Roma, 2010, capitoli 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13.
- Salvatore Siano, Archeometria e restauro. L'innovazione tecnologica. Nardini Editore, Firenze, 2012 .
- C. Seccaroni, P. Moioli, Prontuario per l'analisi XRF portatile applicata a superfici policrome, Nardini Editore, Firenze, 2002
- I. Adrover Gracia, Applicazioni della spettrofotometria IR allo studio dei beni culturali, Il Prato, Padova, 2001
- M.R. Derrick, D. Stulik, J.M. Landry, Infrared Spectroscopy in Conservation Science, The Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, 1999
- G. Poldi, G.C.F. Villa, Dalla conservazione alla storia dell'arte. Riflettografia e analisi non invasive per lo studio dei dipinti, Edizioni della Normale, Pisa, 2007.

courseProgram

Risks to cultural heritage. Preservation of cultural heritage. Interactions between organisms and cultural heritage. Biodeterioration indoor and outdoor. General characteristics of living systems. The Animal Kingdom. Classification, phylogeny and animal organization. Species concept and binomial nomenclature. Systematic position, biology, behavior and ecology of biodeteriogen species. Insects: role in the deterioration of constituent materials of cultural heritage. Wood-destroying insects. The main insect species involved in textile, leathers and archival materials biodeterioration. Methods for the detection of insect degradation. Preventive and curative methods. The zoological collections as a cultural asset. Problems of preservation of the zoological collections. The rodents and bats, control methods. The birds and control methods. Aquatic fauna involved in the degradation of the submerged artifacts: shellfish, segmented worms, crustaceans, sponges, cnidarians. Substrates for growth and degradation processes. Microscopy for art and conservation: diagnostic investigations using microscopic techniques. Notes on the use of molecular biology techniques for the diagnosis and prevention of the biodeterioration of the cultural heritage.

examMode

Learning will be verified through two intermediate tests (six questions, 2 hours) and oral interviews. General and specific questions will aim to evaluate the ability to present topics using a specific language. Several aspects will be taken into account in determining the final grade: the level of knowledge of the topics covered (sufficient, average, complete, in-depth); the ability to connect the acquired concepts (sufficient, good, excellent); the ability to analyze and the aspects of critical thinking (sufficient, good, excellent); the mastery of expression (exposure deficient, simple, clear and correct, confident and correct).

books

Insetti e Restauro, E.Chiappini, G Liotta , M.C. Reguzzi, A Battini
ed. Calderini edagricole - 2001
Degrado biotico del legno, Michela Dalprà. Daniela Piazza Editore
Sugli infestanti e le infestazioni, Montanari, Ruschioni, Trematerra Gangemi Editore
Zoologia (Seconda ediziona) Casiraghi, de Eguileor, Cerrano, Puce. UTET
Il biodeterioramento dei Beni Culturali, Giuseppe Magaudda - Borgia Editore

mode

On-site lectures, ppt presentations with schematic representations, photographs and animations.

classRoomMode

Attendance is mandatory: three lessons per week (8 CFU= 64h)

bibliography

https://www.unitus.it/it/unitus/Studenti/articolo/moodle

courseProgram

Evaluation of the student’s progress during the course is carried out on a continuous basis both during the theoretical and practical work by all teachers involved in the course.

examMode

Evaluation of the student’s progress during the course is carried out on a continuous basis both during the theoretical and practical work by all teachers involved in the course.

books

voce Stucco, in R. Bianchi Bandinelli, G. Becatti, G. Pugliese Carratelli (a cura di), Enciclopedia dell’Arte Antica (EAA), Istituto Enciclopedia Italiana, vol. VII, Roma 1966, pp. 524-533
A.A. V.V, Dimos, Tecniche di esecuzione e materiale costitutivi. Corso sulla manutenzione di dipinti murali, mosaici, stucchi, parte I – Modulo 1 – 1978, Parte Prima - Stucchi, Parte Seconda - Materiali Costitutivi, Istituto Centrale per il Restauro, Roma 1995
Segagni Malacart A., voce Stucco, in Enciclopedia dell’Arte Medievale (EAM), Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, vol. XI, Roma 2000, pp. 1-18,
Pasquini L., Le decorazione a stucco in Italia fra tardo antico e alto medioevo, Longo Angelo editore, Ravenna 2002
Antolini P., Rassegna dei principali affioramenti di gesso in Italia. Atti dell’Accademia Roveretana Degli Agiati. B, Classe Di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche E Naturali, (1985). 24, 83–117.
Cabiale V., L'utilizzo del gesso nel mondo antico: alcuni esempi ed osservazioni, in "I solai di gesso. Giochi artistici d'ombre dal Monferrato", a cura di O.Musso, Roma-Bagnasco di Montafia (AT) 2011
Arcolao C., Le ricette del restauro. Malte, intonaci, stucchi dal XV al XIX secolo, Marsilio, Venezia, 1998
AMENDOLAGINE F., Le tecniche ed i materiali dello stucco forte nelle fonti dal Rinascimento alla modernità. e La tecnica dello stucco attraverso le fonti: tecnica d'esecuzione e caratterizzazione chimico-fisica dei materiali costitutivi. Famiglietti L.. in Biscontin G., Driussi G. (a cura di), Lo stucco. Cultura, tecnologia, conoscenza, in «Atti del Convegno di Studi, Bressanone 10-13 luglio 2001», Padova 2001 e
Aliverti L., Conoscenza delle pratiche costruttive storiche degli edifici in area lombarda: i manufatti in stucco, in V. Pracchi (a cura di), Pratiche costruttive storiche: manufatti in stucco e strutture lignee di copertura in edifici lombardi, Como 2008, pp. 20-91.
Folli L., R. Bugini, Le ricette degli stucchi in Italia settentrionale dal XV al XX secolo. Indagini scientifiche sui materiali.
Esposito D., Pietraie e “calcarari” a Roma: recupero dei materiali da costruzione fra medioevo ed età moderna., in História da Construção: os materiais, a cura di Arnaldo Sousa Melo e Maria Do Carmo Ribeiro, Braga, CITCEM-LAMOP, 2012, pp. 59-76.
Appolonia L., L’impiego del gesso: usi e metodi per la conoscenza, in Problemi Conservativi dei Manufatti dell’Ottocento, a cura di M.Fratelli ed E. Signorini, Il Prato 2008IICd, Lo Stato dell’arte, Napoli 8- 10 ottobre 2009, Nardini, 2009
Mazzè A., La decorazione murale: stucchi, affreschi, graffiti nella trattatistica : I sec. a.C.-XIX sec. Palermo, 1998 (751.73 MAZ 4699)
Mariani, Leganti: aerei e idraulici, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, 1976
Moradei A., Il restauro delle opere in gesso: appunti da esperienze di laboratorio,” in Problemi Conservativi dei Manufatti dell’Ottocento, a cura di M.Fratelli ed E. Signorini, Il Prato 2008IICd, Lo Stato dell’arte, Napoli 8- 10 ottobre 2009, Nardini, 2009
D'Alessandro L., F. Persegati, Scultura e calchi in gesso: storia, tecnica e conservazione, Roma 1987 (Riello G 2016)
Zamperini A., Stucchi. Capolavori sconosciuti nella storia dell’arte, Vicenza 2012 (POLOUS 8245)
Casey C., Making Magnificence. Architects, Stuccatori and the Eighteenth-century Interior, Londra 2017.
Felici A., Jean G. (a cura di), Stucchi e stuccatori ticinesi tra XVI e XVII secolo. Studi e ricerche per la conservazione, Firenze 2020.
Zapletalová J., Swiss artists in Alpine passes...How artists travelled from the Lombard-Ticino lakes to Central Europe, in Quart, Olomouc 2020, pp. 3-16.
Fieni, Calci lombarde: produzione e mercati dal 1641 al 1805. All’insegna del Giglio,Firenze, 2000
Cavallo G., D. Biondelli, The Use of Magnesian Lime in Historical Mortars in TessinCanton, Switzerland: Microscopical Features and Microanalytical Evidences, Proceedings VII Congresso Associazione Italiana di Archeometria, 22-24 Febbraio,Modena, 2012, pp. 720-729
Jean G., L'impresa dei Silva di Morbio, 2019, Pratiche architettoniche a confronto nei cantieri italiani della seconda metà del Cinquecento
Gavazzi Nizzola S., M.C Magni, Una traccia per Francesco Silva stuccatore ticinese, Arte Lombarda, 17 (37), 1972, pp. 86-95

classRoomMode

compulsory teaching

bibliography

voce Stucco, in R. Bianchi Bandinelli, G. Becatti, G. Pugliese Carratelli (a cura di), Enciclopedia dell’Arte Antica (EAA), Istituto Enciclopedia Italiana, vol. VII, Roma 1966, pp. 524-533
A.A. V.V, Dimos, Tecniche di esecuzione e materiale costitutivi. Corso sulla manutenzione di dipinti murali, mosaici, stucchi, parte I – Modulo 1 – 1978, Parte Prima - Stucchi, Parte Seconda - Materiali Costitutivi, Istituto Centrale per il Restauro, Roma 1995
Segagni Malacart A., voce Stucco, in Enciclopedia dell’Arte Medievale (EAM), Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, vol. XI, Roma 2000, pp. 1-18,
Pasquini L., Le decorazione a stucco in Italia fra tardo antico e alto medioevo, Longo Angelo editore, Ravenna 2002
Antolini P., Rassegna dei principali affioramenti di gesso in Italia. Atti dell’Accademia Roveretana Degli Agiati. B, Classe Di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche E Naturali, (1985). 24, 83–117.
Cabiale V., L'utilizzo del gesso nel mondo antico: alcuni esempi ed osservazioni, in "I solai di gesso. Giochi artistici d'ombre dal Monferrato", a cura di O.Musso, Roma-Bagnasco di Montafia (AT) 2011
Arcolao C., Le ricette del restauro. Malte, intonaci, stucchi dal XV al XIX secolo, Marsilio, Venezia, 1998
AMENDOLAGINE F., Le tecniche ed i materiali dello stucco forte nelle fonti dal Rinascimento alla modernità. e La tecnica dello stucco attraverso le fonti: tecnica d'esecuzione e caratterizzazione chimico-fisica dei materiali costitutivi. Famiglietti L.. in Biscontin G., Driussi G. (a cura di), Lo stucco. Cultura, tecnologia, conoscenza, in «Atti del Convegno di Studi, Bressanone 10-13 luglio 2001», Padova 2001 e
Aliverti L., Conoscenza delle pratiche costruttive storiche degli edifici in area lombarda: i manufatti in stucco, in V. Pracchi (a cura di), Pratiche costruttive storiche: manufatti in stucco e strutture lignee di copertura in edifici lombardi, Como 2008, pp. 20-91.
Folli L., R. Bugini, Le ricette degli stucchi in Italia settentrionale dal XV al XX secolo. Indagini scientifiche sui materiali.
Esposito D., Pietraie e “calcarari” a Roma: recupero dei materiali da costruzione fra medioevo ed età moderna., in História da Construção: os materiais, a cura di Arnaldo Sousa Melo e Maria Do Carmo Ribeiro, Braga, CITCEM-LAMOP, 2012, pp. 59-76.
Appolonia L., L’impiego del gesso: usi e metodi per la conoscenza, in Problemi Conservativi dei Manufatti dell’Ottocento, a cura di M.Fratelli ed E. Signorini, Il Prato 2008IICd, Lo Stato dell’arte, Napoli 8- 10 ottobre 2009, Nardini, 2009
Mazzè A., La decorazione murale: stucchi, affreschi, graffiti nella trattatistica : I sec. a.C.-XIX sec. Palermo, 1998 (751.73 MAZ 4699)
Mariani, Leganti: aerei e idraulici, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, 1976
Moradei A., Il restauro delle opere in gesso: appunti da esperienze di laboratorio,” in Problemi Conservativi dei Manufatti dell’Ottocento, a cura di M.Fratelli ed E. Signorini, Il Prato 2008IICd, Lo Stato dell’arte, Napoli 8- 10 ottobre 2009, Nardini, 2009
D'Alessandro L., F. Persegati, Scultura e calchi in gesso: storia, tecnica e conservazione, Roma 1987 (Riello G 2016)
Zamperini A., Stucchi. Capolavori sconosciuti nella storia dell’arte, Vicenza 2012 (POLOUS 8245)
Casey C., Making Magnificence. Architects, Stuccatori and the Eighteenth-century Interior, Londra 2017.
Felici A., Jean G. (a cura di), Stucchi e stuccatori ticinesi tra XVI e XVII secolo. Studi e ricerche per la conservazione, Firenze 2020.
Zapletalová J., Swiss artists in Alpine passes...How artists travelled from the Lombard-Ticino lakes to Central Europe, in Quart, Olomouc 2020, pp. 3-16.
Fieni, Calci lombarde: produzione e mercati dal 1641 al 1805. All’insegna del Giglio,Firenze, 2000
Cavallo G., D. Biondelli, The Use of Magnesian Lime in Historical Mortars in TessinCanton, Switzerland: Microscopical Features and Microanalytical Evidences, Proceedings VII Congresso Associazione Italiana di Archeometria, 22-24 Febbraio,Modena, 2012, pp. 720-729
Jean G., L'impresa dei Silva di Morbio, 2019, Pratiche architettoniche a confronto nei cantieri italiani della seconda metà del Cinquecento
Gavazzi Nizzola S., M.C Magni, Una traccia per Francesco Silva stuccatore ticinese, Arte Lombarda, 17 (37), 1972, pp. 86-95

courseProgram

the course is organized in two parts, a theoretical and an archive exercise which is an integral part of the course itself. The first part first illustrates the basic principles and definitions, the structure of the archive and the tools for the formation of the archive; a second one concerns the historical archive with specific attention to the activities necessary for its use. With particular reference to the first part the course includes the following topics: terminology problems, the concept of archival document, document types, document management system and phases, archive classification, document registration, transfer of documents and the management of archival repositories, selection, nature and evolution of the document management system and archival discipline, archive definitions, the structure of the archives, the typology of the producers, the main normative references, the rules for sorting and describing in a national environment, the development of international standards, the application of the general principles of description in computerization projects. The second part will cover an archive filing exercise. Following the exercise, the student will have to produce a term paper that he will present for the exam.
The slides of the single lessons in pdf format will be sent periodically by the teacher to the attending students only.
Students who cannot attend the lessons are invited to contact the teacher for an interview on the exam program and to receive information on exam texts and teaching materials

examMode

-The profit examination consists of an oral test and a written paper.
-The level of knowledge acquired on the topics covered in the course, the ability of the candidate to critically apply this knowledge to problems and case studies addressed, as well as the effective clarity of exposure will be evaluated. The evaluation will be expressed in thirtieths, with possible honors. The minimum grade for passing the exam is eighteen thirtieths.

books

G.Bonfiglio-Dosio, Primi passi nel mondo degli archivi, Cleup, 2023
M.P.Donato, L’archivio del mondo. Quando Napoleone confiscò la storia, Editori Laterza, 2019
I. Zanni Rosiello, Gli archivi nella società contemporanea, Il Mulino, 2009
G. Nicolai, Il consorzio antitubercolare di Viterbo e le sue carte 1927-1975, Civita editoriale, 2020

mode

The course consists of two parts: a first theoretical and a practical exercise of filing archival material

classRoomMode

Attendance is optional. Students unable to attend the course will have to arrange an alternative program with the teacher.

bibliography

- Giorgetta Bonfiglio Dosio, Primi passi nel mondo degli archivi. Temi e testi per la formazione archivistica di primo livello, Padova, Cleup 2007
- Maria Barbara Bertini, Che cos'e un archivio, Roma, Carocci, 2008
- Elio Lodolini, Archivistica. Principi e problemi. Milano, FrancoAngeli, 2008 (13e edizione)
- Patrizia Angelucci, Breve storia degli archivi e dell'archivistica, Perugia, Morlacchi, 2008
-Federico Valacchi, Diventare archivisti, editrice bibliografica, 2015
-Antonio Romiti, Archivistica generale. Primi elementi, Civita editoriale, 2020

courseProgram

Provide students with the concepts that can be used to operate in the cultural heritage sector knowing the current legislation

examMode

Oral examination

books

Crosetti - Vaiano, Beni culturali e paesaggistici, Giappichelli, Torino, 2023

mode

Traditional lessons in presence

classRoomMode

Free choice of the student

bibliography

None

courseProgram

Unit 1
Soils and mankind: role of soils in human life and history. Can we define soil as cultural heritage? Discussion and presentation of the historical, artistic and ethno/anthropological values of soil according to the “cultural heritage” definition. Soil and art: soil is individuated and discussed through different art expressions such as paintings, installations and visual arts. Critical analysis of the different attention given by artists to the soil resource from the past to present times.
Soils functions (ecological and socio-economical). Presentation of the active and passive role of soil for the conservation concept.
Soils and archaeology: potential support of soil sciences to archaeological sciences. Presentation of the methodological approaches to the study of burial context:
1) Characterization of soils properties: conservation parameters
2) Functional analysis of archaeological areas to infer their original function.

Unit 2
Pedoarchaeology: pedology in archaeological contexts, genesis, properties and characteristics of soil in the past with respect to the environment reconstruction where man interacted. Pedon: definition and characteristics. The pedogenesis: factors and processes of soil formation and genesis. Overview of soil classification systems. The characteristics of pedogenetic and diagnostic horizons. The anthropic factor in pedogenesis. Description of the profile of a soil. The physical and chemical properties of soil modified by human activity. Detail stratigraphy: possible matrices. Micromorphological and geochemical analysis, isotopic dating. Case studies related to the analysis of stratigraphic sequences in buried soils between the Bronze (sometimes the early Holocene) and the late Middle Ages (holoceic pedophile complex).

examMode

The oral examination takes place with the discussion of three topics, one of which chosen by the candidate, covering the various areas of the topics covered.
A power-point presentation on the in-depth study of a chosen topic, upon previous submission to the teacher, is required and will be followed by three questions on the program. The presentation will be given a score from 0 to 10 and to each of the answers to the three questions.
Consideration will be given to the level of knowledge of the contents, the ability to apply the theoretical concepts, the critical analysis, synthesis and interdisciplinary connections, the mastery of expression.

books

Unit 1
Teaching material is provided by the professor and further divided in relation to the different curriculum.
Soil and culture, 2010 – E.R. Landa, C. Feller – Springer (optional readings)
Unit 2
Basi di Pedologia. Giacomo Certini e Fiorenzo Cesare Ugolini. Edagricole
Soil Science for Archeologists. Stewart Reed, Nathan Bailey, Oghenekome Onokpise
Edited by: Michael Russo and Virginia Horak

mode

1. Classroom lectures, presentations (ppts) with graphic illustrations, photographs, virtual 3D objects, videos, animations.
2. Practical activity for soil chemical and physical analysis in the laboratory of Soil Chemistry and Biochemistry (Laboratory 213) First Floor, Block A.
3. Field excursion: Morphological analysis of a pedological profile
4. Students’ presentation of an individual report/project developed on a specific topic of interest

classRoomMode

Lectures
Practical class in the laboratory (if allowed)
Field excursions
Working group activities

bibliography

Materiale didattico fornito dai docenti e separato per curriculum
Soil and culture, 2010 – E.R. Landa, C. Feller – Springer (letture a scelta)
Basi di Pedologia. Giacomo Certini e Fiorenzo Cesare Ugolini. Edagricole
Soil Science for Archeologists. Stewart Reed, Nathan Bailey, Oghenekome Onokpise Edited by: Michael Russo and Virginia Horak

courseProgram

Mosaic Conservation/Restoration course is being conducted by two different teachers, Livia Alberti and Francesca Mariani, who have worked out and share the training objectives, the teaching methods and the student assessment methods. The exercises in the individual modules, on the other hand, are prepared and conducted individually by one or the other teacher.
The course aims to prepare the student to approach mosaic restoration with:
- ability to diagnose conservation issues,
- ability to choose among possible technical solutions of intervention both from a conservation and aesthetic presentation point of view
- familiarity with documentation techniques,
- aptitude in exploring in depth the issues proposed by the intervention.
In order to achieve this objective, lessons will be held for the general knowledge of the mosaic sector both from the historical-artistic point of view as from the technical point of view of the execution of this type of artifacts. The different intervention techniques will be first explained in the classroom, in order to introduce the specific methods and the theoretical motivations that support the different phases of restoration, and thus prepare the student for the complexity of the intervention. The frontal lessons will be supported by images and summary diagrams organized in Power Point projections, while verifying the degree of understanding of each student through exchanges of questions and answers from both sides and deepening the various topics with classroom discussion.
The practical exercise, the core activity of the course, will be organized so as to address the various issues of restoration, such as cleaning, consolidation, reintegration and aesthetic presentation, especially on mosaics that are still preserved in situ. Knowledge on the execution technique may also be deepened through the individual creation, ex novo, of a small mosaic with the traditional ancient technique. Practicing in the different intervention operations will also be aimed at improving the student's manual dexterity, from which we expect, at the end of the course, a conscious, precise and neat manual work, of a high-quality level.
The theoretical knowledge acquired during lessons, and the experience gained through practice, should lead students to be capable of making methodological and technical choices independently.
The purpose of the exercise will also be to cultivate students' planning and organizational skills as they will be experiencing the management of the worksite in its different aspects.
Their ability to learn and process the acquired notions, as well as their self-confidence and language skills, will be tested during the different modules when the student will be asked to explain and motivate the work. In addition, the assessment will be carried out by means of written tests including at least the complete technical report of a restoration work carried out during the year and an oral test during which the student will illustrate by means of Power Point one of the projects carried out or a particular subject that came up during the year.

First module, 150 hours
The first module will begin with a short introduction period to be held in the laboratory of the University of Tuscia and will be followed by practical exercise to be carried out on the cosmatesque mosaics of the former church of San Domenico in Narni (TR).
In the laboratory, with the visual support of Power Point projection, the main topics related to ancient mosaic and its restoration will be addressed such as: execution technique, construction materials, ancient mosaic typologies and the construction methods of the tessellatum decorative motifs. The main causes of deterioration, and the maintenance and restoration work carried out in the past, will also be the subject of specific lectures.
This body of knowledge, which will be verified in class discussion during lectures and will be repeatedly taken up throughout the academic year with regard to the different cases addressed, will lead students to engage consciously and circumstantially during the practical exercises.
The organization of the worksite, and thus also the compilation of the list of equipment and materials needed to carry out the work, will be carried out together with the students, who will thus begin to practice the design and scheduling aspect of the work.
The teaching workshop will be carried out, for this 2024 first module, on the cosmatesque mosaic floor of the right-side aisle of the Church of San Domenico in Narni. The mosaic, in addition to having probably undergone transport in rather remote times, presents evidence of many integration and maintenance interventions that make it a particularly interesting object for the study of the conservation history of a work of art, as well as an excellent case for studying condition and deterioration causes.
The exercise will begin with the study of marbles, stones and terracotta used to construct the tessellatum and then the recognition and cataloging of the different lithotypes present. Direct observation will also lead to the identification and documentation of the state of conservation of the mosaic, both structurally and in terms of surface condition. We will then proceed with the stabilization of the tessellatum at its most fragile areas, taking into account the particularly busy environment where the work is preserved. During on-site activities, the reasons for the adopted intervention methodology and the possible solutions for protecting this mosaic will be discussed.
Finally, during the module, a visit to one or more churches with cosmatesque mosaics in the area of Upper Latium and Umbria will be scheduled for comparisons and further study of the technique and history of cosmatesque mosaics.

Second module, 150 hours
The second module will be held by Dr. Francesca Mariani on the subject of restoration of ancient mosaic preserved in situ at the archaeological site (see Dr. Mariani teaching records)

Third module, 150 hours.
The exercise of the third module will likely take place on the glass paste tessera wall mosaics of Biagio Biagetti's Tomb in Porto Recanati. These modern mosaics, located for the most part outdoors, may provide an opportunity to address new conservation issues related to the materials originally used and to the exposure conditions. Because of the characteristics of its texture, as a work of the early twentieth century, it may also be the occasion for new observations and studies on tessellatum construction and execution technique in general.
The exercise will involve operations such as cleaning, consolidation of supporting and bedding mortars, re-bedding movable tesserae and lacunae reintegration.
The module will also include some classroom lectures on Byzantine wall mosaic concerning execution technique, deterioration, and intervention methodology.

examMode

The written assessment test, which consists in a complete written technical report about one of the conservation interventions carried out during the course, will help to understand the level of competence acquired by the student. In fact, parameters such as the understanding of the conservation problems encountered, the ability to properly document the detected different phenomena and information in written, graphic and photographic form, the ability to formulate and motivate correct operational choices, and the aptitude to develop one's knowledge through interdisciplinary connections, bibliographical research and in-depth study will be evaluated. The ability to describe the different aspects of the work correctly and clearly in written form will also be part of the assessment.

The oral test, in the form of a Power Point presentation illustrating the different aspects of a further conservation intervention carried out during the training, will be useful for assessing the student's communication skills and language property with regard to topics related to conservation and to the work that was carried out.

In addition, work qualities such as manual dexterity, neatness and accuracy of work, organizational skills and effective use of time will be assessed during the practical exercise.

The evaluation will be expressed in a six-level rating:
Excellent, Distinguished, Good, Fair, Sufficient, Insufficient.

books

No text on mosaic restoration is adopted as the course text. For the different topics dealing with the various conservation aspects related to this artifact, whether ancient or modern, pavement or parietal, we refer to the following bibliography.

- "Mosaic" entry, in Encyclopedia of Ancient Art Treccani (D. Levi, 1963)
- "Mosaic" entry, in Medieval Art Encyclopedia Treccani (B. Finster, 1997)
- Marco Vitruvio Pollione, publisher by Carlo Amati (1829), vol. 1, Dell’architettura, Libro II, Italian ed. Books. I-XII. www.archive.org.
- Plinio il Vecchio, Historia Naturalis, trad. Eichholz D.E. (1949-54), Harvard University Press
http://www.masseiana.org/pliny.htm
- Various Authors, DIMOS - course on the maintenance of wall paintings, mosaics and stuccos; ICR, Rome 1978 (Italian)
- Manuela Farneti, Historical Technical Glossary of the Mosaic; Longo Ed. Ravenna 1993 (Italian-English)
- Maltese C., The artistic techniques, Azzate (VA), 1973 (Italian)
- Pappalardo U., Ciardiello R., Pedicini L. (photo), Greek and Roman mosaics, stone carpets in the Hellenistic and Roman ages; Arsenale Editrice 2010 (Italian)
- Vlad Borrelli L., Musivaria. Mosaic and opus sectile in ancient times: history, techniques, conservation, Rome, 2016 (Italian)
- Vv.Aa., Medieval mosaics in Rome through ICR restoration/conservation interventions, 1991-2004, edited by M. Andaloro and C. D’Angelo, Gangemi Editore, Rome, 2017 (Italian)
- Vv.Aa., Mosaics in S. Vitale and other conservation/restoration interventions. In situ conservation of wall mosaics, Proceedings of the National Conference "In situ conservation/restoration of wall mosaics", Ravenna 1-3 October 1990; Longo Ed. Ravenna 1992 (Italian)
- Vv.Aa., Proceedings of the Conferences of the International Committee for the Conservation of Mosaics (ICCM); 15 volumes from 1977 to 2022 (Italian-English-French)
https://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications_resources/teaching/mosaics_conservation.html
- Vv.Aa., Mosaics in Situ: An Overview of Literature on Conservation of Mosaics In Situ. Edited by Thomas Roby and Martha Demas, The Getty Conservation Institute Edition, Los Angeles, 2013 (English)
- Torraca, G., Lessons of science and technology of materials for the restoration of monuments, Specialization School for Monument Restoration, La Sapienza University, Rome, 2002 (Italian)
- Verità M., Technology and deterioration of vitreous mosaic tesserae, Reviews in Conservation, 1 (2000), pp. 65-76 (English)
- Pajares-Ayuela P., Cosmatesque Ornament, Flat polychrome geometric patterns in architecture, translation by Maria Fleming Alvarez, 2002, Thames & Hudson, Londra. ISBN 05000-51075-X
- Severino N., I Cosmati in Umbria, Le opere cosmatesche in Umbria al tempo delle recuperationes di Innocenzo III, 1198-1216, ilmiolibro.it, Cassino, 2015.
https://www.academia.edu/39870606/I_COSMATI_IN_UMBRIA_Le_opere_cosmatesche_in_Umbria_al_tempo_delle_recuperationes_di_Innocenzo_III_1198_1216
- Jackson M., Deocampo D., Marra F., Scheetz B. (2010), Mid-Pleistocene Pozzolanic Volcanic Ash in Ancient
Roman Concretes, in “Geoarchaeology. An International Journal”, Vol. 25, Issue 1
- Alberti L., Bourguignon E., Carbonara E., Roby T., Escobar J.S., (2013). Illustrated Glossary: Technician Training for the Maintenance of In Situ Mosaics. Los Angeles; Tunis: Getty Conservation Institute; Institut National du Patrimoine de Tunisie.
http://hdl.handle.net/10020/gci_pubs/glossaire_english
- Malathy R., (2023), Lime based concrete and mortar enhanced with pozzolanic materials –State of art, in Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 390
- Giuliani, Cairoli F. (1990), Edilizia nell’antichità, Roma
- Mariani F., Savoia A.S., Caliano G. (2020), An innovative method for in situ monitoring of the detachments in architectural coverings of ancient structures, J. Cult. Herit., n. 42, pp. 139–146
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2019.07.013
- NORMAL 23/86. Technical Glossary: Definition and description of mortars.
Describes mortars used for decoration; offers definitions of mortars based on characteristics, functions, and properties. The purpose of the standards is to unify the technical terminology in use. Techniques of execution and application are also discussed.

mode

The training program will be largely based on practical exercise, which, however, will be alternated with discussions and in-depth studies on the various issues that will be addressed during the progress of the restoration work.
During teaching time, in addition to practical site or laboratory activities, lectures and visits to monuments and museums of specific interest to the subject of study are planned.

classRoomMode

Attendance is considered mandatory excluding excused absences, to the extent provided for in the University regulations. Since this is largely a practical exercise, it will in fact be important for each individual student to personally experience the various operations involved in the intervention methodology and to follow its progress from start to finish.

bibliography

- "Mosaic" entry, in Encyclopedia of Ancient Art Treccani (D. Levi, 1963)
- "Mosaic" entry, in Medieval Art Encyclopedia Treccani (B. Finster, 1997)
- Marco Vitruvio Pollione, publisher by Carlo Amati (1829), vol. 1, Dell’architettura, Libro II, Italian ed. Books. I-XII. www.archive.org.
- Plinio il Vecchio, Historia Naturalis, trad. Eichholz D.E. (1949-54), Harvard University Press
http://www.masseiana.org/pliny.htm
- Various Authors, DIMOS - course on the maintenance of wall paintings, mosaics and stuccos; ICR, Rome 1978 (Italian)
- Manuela Farneti, Historical Technical Glossary of the Mosaic; Longo Ed. Ravenna 1993 (Italian-English)
- Maltese C., The artistic techniques, Azzate (VA), 1973 (Italian)
- Pappalardo U., Ciardiello R., Pedicini L. (photo), Greek and Roman mosaics, stone carpets in the Hellenistic and Roman ages; Arsenale Editrice 2010 (Italian)
- Vlad Borrelli L., Musivaria. Mosaic and opus sectile in ancient times: history, techniques, conservation, Rome, 2016 (Italian)
- Vv.Aa., Medieval mosaics in Rome through ICR restoration/conservation interventions, 1991-2004, edited by M. Andaloro and C. D’Angelo, Gangemi Editore, Rome, 2017 (Italian)
- Vv.Aa., Mosaics in S. Vitale and other conservation/restoration interventions. In situ conservation of wall mosaics, Proceedings of the National Conference "In situ conservation/restoration of wall mosaics", Ravenna 1-3 October 1990; Longo Ed. Ravenna 1992 (Italian)
- Vv.Aa., Proceedings of the Conferences of the International Committee for the Conservation of Mosaics (ICCM); 15 volumes from 1977 to 2022 (Italian-English-French)
https://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications_resources/teaching/mosaics_conservation.html
- Vv.Aa., Mosaics in Situ: An Overview of Literature on Conservation of Mosaics In Situ. Edited by Thomas Roby and Martha Demas, The Getty Conservation Institute Edition, Los Angeles, 2013 (English)
- Torraca, G., Lessons of science and technology of materials for the restoration of monuments, Specialization School for Monument Restoration, La Sapienza University, Rome, 2002 (Italian)
- Verità M., Technology and deterioration of vitreous mosaic tesserae, Reviews in Conservation, 1 (2000), pp. 65-76 (English)
- Pajares-Ayuela P., Cosmatesque Ornament, Flat polychrome geometric patterns in architecture, translation by Maria Fleming Alvarez, 2002, Thames & Hudson, Londra. ISBN 05000-51075-X
- Severino N., I Cosmati in Umbria, Le opere cosmatesche in Umbria al tempo delle recuperationes di Innocenzo III, 1198-1216, ilmiolibro.it, Cassino, 2015.
https://www.academia.edu/39870606/I_COSMATI_IN_UMBRIA_Le_opere_cosmatesche_in_Umbria_al_tempo_delle_recuperationes_di_Innocenzo_III_1198_1216
- Jackson M., Deocampo D., Marra F., Scheetz B. (2010), Mid-Pleistocene Pozzolanic Volcanic Ash in Ancient
Roman Concretes, in “Geoarchaeology. An International Journal”, Vol. 25, Issue 1
- Alberti L., Bourguignon E., Carbonara E., Roby T., Escobar J.S., (2013). Illustrated Glossary: Technician Training for the Maintenance of In Situ Mosaics. Los Angeles; Tunis: Getty Conservation Institute; Institut National du Patrimoine de Tunisie.
http://hdl.handle.net/10020/gci_pubs/glossaire_english
- Malathy R., (2023), Lime based concrete and mortar enhanced with pozzolanic materials –State of art, in Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 390
- Giuliani, Cairoli F. (1990), Edilizia nell’antichità, Roma
- Mariani F., Savoia A.S., Caliano G. (2020), An innovative method for in situ monitoring of the detachments in architectural coverings of ancient structures, J. Cult. Herit., n. 42, pp. 139–146
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2019.07.013
- NORMAL 23/86. Technical Glossary: Definition and description of mortars.
Describes mortars used for decoration; offers definitions of mortars based on characteristics, functions, and properties. The purpose of the standards is to unify the technical terminology in use. Techniques of execution and application are also discussed.