General Info

SUBJECT	SEMESTER	CFU	SSD
16007 - PHILOSOPHY OF LAW I	First Semester	9	GIUR-17/A	Learning objectives The main learning objective is to provide students, even through a critical approach, with the acquisition of a solid knowledge of the philosophical concepts, categories and, not least, of the most relevant authors of legal philosophy, from Sophocles’ Antigone to H.L.A. Hart’s elaboration, to conclude with the main developments of the contemporary debate D1 - Knowledge and understanding: Through the knowledge of the main legal philosophy theories the students will be able to develop a specific sensitiveness to the interpretation and application of law to concrete cases, bearing in mind both fundamental legal notions and the historical development of concepts, categories and contexts; D2 - Applying knowledge and understanding: At the end of the course, students will be able to interpret the theories and apply them to contemporary cases, taking into account both fundamental constitutional principles and the conditions of individuals who are, de jure or de facto, vulnerable; D3 - Making judgements: By the end of the course, students will be able to autonomously elaborate the acquired notions, as well as to develop critical judgement skills, through the examination of key concepts of legal-philosophical reflection; D4 - Communication skills: By the end of the course, students will have developed terminological accuracy related to the legal and philosophical notions and the ability to communicate in public, in particular, having learned to present the acquired knowledge (referred to in points D1 and D2) with an appropriate language. By learning the notions of theoretical and legal-philosophical language, students will be able to communicate content of specific meaning in the legal field; D5 - Learning skills: By the end of the course, students will have acquired the ability to develop arguments suitable for supporting theses on the topics covered within the course and to acquire the proper instruments for an autonomous and adequate updating
121127 - HISTORY OF MEDIEVAL AND MODERN LAW	First Semester	15	GIUR-16/A	Learning objectives Using a historical-comparative method, the course aims to offer a general framework of the history of medieval and modern law, from the building of the plural medieval order to the legal landscape of the twentieth century. Within this framework, particular attention will be given to the process of formation, and subsequent erosion, of national legal sovereignties. At the end of the course, it is expected that the student will have acquired/developed: Knowledge and understanding: the objective of the course is to foster the knowledge and understanding of the historical development of the European legal experience; Applied knowledge and understanding: the course aims to develop the student's ability to historically contextualize the normative data through which to solve complex legal problems; Making judgments: the course aims to stimulate the student's critical spirit, providing them with the essential methodological tools to acquire awareness of the relativity of the main legal concepts of modernity; Communication skills: the course aims to refine the student's ability to correctly express the acquired notions with argumentative coherence, scientific rigor, and proper language; Learning skills: the course aims to stimulate the aptitude for grasping the legal phenomenon in all its complexity, not only in its authoritarian and power-based dimension, but also in its social, historical, cultural, and interpretive dimensions.
121128 - INSTITUTIONS OF ROMAN LAW	First Semester	15	GIUR-15/A	Learning objectives The aims of the course are to provide knowledge of Roman private law from its origin to Justinian, to provide an adequate technical-juridical language and to teach the technique of exegesis of Roman sources. In particular, the course intends to make the student acquire the following skills: Knowledge and understanding: acquisition of knowledge and understanding of Roman private law and its development up to Justinian through the study of the main private legal institutes. Applied knowledge and understanding: acquisition of the ability to read and understand the legal text through the exegesis of fragments taken from works of classical jurisprudence. Autonomy of judgment: acquisition, also through exegetical analysis, of the ability to read, interpret and resolve legalissues, supporting the emergence of the autonomous critical skills of the learner. Communication skills: acquisition of an adequate legal technical language and its correct use in the presentation and description of legal institutions. Ability to learn: acquisition of the ability to critically read legal sources.
121623 - PUBLIC LAW: SOURCES OF LAW AND FORMS OF GOVERNMENT	First Semester	9	GIUR-05/A
16004 - PRIVATE LAW I	Second Semester	9	GIUR-01/A	Learning objectives The course aims to provide knowledge and understanding of the general categories of private law and the discipline of obligations and contracts; to develop students' ability to solve concrete problems, through the analysis of case law cases and regulatory materials; to promote students' autonomy of judgment, through discussion, in the presence of the professor, of the main theoretical and application problems posed by the institutes; and to develop students' communication skills. Upon completion of the course, the student is expected to have acquired/developed: 1) Knowledge and ability to understand: the objective of the course is to foster knowledge and ability to understand the general categories of private law; 2) Applied knowledge and ability to understand: the course aims to develop in the student the ability to interpret the private legal norm through which to solve complex legal problems; 3) Autonomy of judgment: the course aims to stimulate the critical spirit of the student, providing him/her with the necessary methodological tools; 4) Communication skills: the course aims to refine the student's ability to be able to correctly express the acquired notions with argumentative coherence, scientific rigor and language property; 5) Learning skills: the course aims to stimulate the aptitude to grasp the legal phenomenon in all its complexity, thus not only in its normative, but also in its jurisprudential dimension.
121675 - OTHER TRAINING ACTIVITIES	Second Semester	4
121131 - COMPUTER SKILLS	Second Semester	3	INFO-01/A	Learning objectives Knowledge and understanding: Students will acquire a basic understanding of the main information technologies applied to legal sciences, with particular attention to the use of productivity tools (Microsoft Office) and the fundamentals of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Key concepts related to Large Language Models (LLMs) and their potential in natural language processing will also be introduced. Applying Knowledge and Understanding: Students will be able to use Excel independently to organize, analyze, and visualize data; to apply AI tools and LLMs in simple operational contexts; and to recognize concrete applications of computational techniques in the field of legal sciences (for example, the analysis of legal texts, document classification, or AI-assisted legal research). Autonomy of judgment: Students will develop the ability to critically evaluate the advantages, limitations, and ethical and legal implications of using digital and AI tools in the legal context, forming informed judgments about their applicability and reliability. Communication skills: Students will acquire the ability to clearly and rigorously present concepts and results related to digital technologies and their applications in law, using appropriate terminology in both academic and professional settings. Learning skills: Students will develop the ability to independently update and deepen their knowledge of digital technologies and AI developments, maintaining a critical and informed approach toward the rapid evolution of the field.
121128 - INSTITUTIONS OF ROMAN LAW	Second Semester	15	GIUR-15/A	Learning objectives The aims of the course are to provide knowledge of Roman private law from its origin to Justinian, to provide an adequate technical-juridical language and to teach the technique of exegesis of Roman sources. In particular, the course intends to make the student acquire the following skills: Knowledge and understanding: acquisition of knowledge and understanding of Roman private law and its development up to Justinian through the study of the main private legal institutes. Applied knowledge and understanding: acquisition of the ability to read and understand the legal text through the exegesis of fragments taken from works of classical jurisprudence. Autonomy of judgment: acquisition, also through exegetical analysis, of the ability to read, interpret and resolve legalissues, supporting the emergence of the autonomous critical skills of the learner. Communication skills: acquisition of an adequate legal technical language and its correct use in the presentation and description of legal institutions. Ability to learn: acquisition of the ability to critically read legal sources.
121127 - HISTORY OF MEDIEVAL AND MODERN LAW	Second Semester	15	GIUR-16/A	Learning objectives Using a historical-comparative method, the course aims to offer a general framework of the history of medieval and modern law, from the building of the plural medieval order to the legal landscape of the twentieth century. Within this framework, particular attention will be given to the process of formation, and subsequent erosion, of national legal sovereignties. At the end of the course, it is expected that the student will have acquired/developed: Knowledge and understanding: the objective of the course is to foster the knowledge and understanding of the historical development of the European legal experience; Applied knowledge and understanding: the course aims to develop the student's ability to historically contextualize the normative data through which to solve complex legal problems; Making judgments: the course aims to stimulate the student's critical spirit, providing them with the essential methodological tools to acquire awareness of the relativity of the main legal concepts of modernity; Communication skills: the course aims to refine the student's ability to correctly express the acquired notions with argumentative coherence, scientific rigor, and proper language; Learning skills: the course aims to stimulate the aptitude for grasping the legal phenomenon in all its complexity, not only in its authoritarian and power-based dimension, but also in its social, historical, cultural, and interpretive dimensions.

SUBJECT	SEMESTER	CFU	SSD
16009 - PRIVATE LAW II	First Semester	9	GIUR-01/A	Learning objectives 1) Knowledge and understanding: the course aims to provide the student with knowledge and understanding of all those institutions of private law which have not already been the subject of study and in-depth analysis during the Private Law I course. Objective of the course is to make students understand the interaction between all the institutions of private law, and therefore to be able to grasp the meaning of the discipline as a whole. 2 Applied knowledge and understanding: the course, both through reference to the contemporary development of traditional institutes and through case studies, aims to enable the student to achieve a knowledge and understanding of private law that goes beyond the learning of regulatory structures, allowing you to understand the lines of evolution of jurisprudence.. 3) Making judgements: the course aims at stimulating the student's critical spirit, providing him/her with the essential methodological tools, also in view of a possible future in-depth study of the legal institutes dealt with in the course, for the examination and study of the normative sources, of the doctrinal contributions and of the jurisprudence. 4) Communication skills: also through the attendance of lessons, the course aims to perfect the student's communication and presentation skills with reference to private law as a whole, stimulating the acquisition of an appropriate technical language, but always from a perspective of clarity and simplicity of communication. 5) Learning skills: the course aims to stimulate the student's curiosity towards the subject, requiring commitment and attention in the study of both general topics and detailed issues, in order to improve the student's learning ability.
121133 - INTERNATIONAL LAW	First Semester	9	GIUR-09/A	Learning objectives Knowledge and Understanding: analysis of the international legal system and the functioning of its main institutions. Applied Knowledge and Understanding: examination of judicial cases and the ability to apply acquired knowledge to real-world scenarios. Independent Judgment: ability to formulate critical thoughts on study materials and independently reflect on the issues discussed in class. Communication Skills: ability to communicate clearly and effectively using appropriate technical language. Learning Skills: enhancing the ability to apply the knowledge and methods learned during the course to new cases or areas of study.
121132 - CONSTITUTIONAL LAW	First Semester	9	GIUR-05/A	Learning objectives The course aims to provide students with a general grounding in Italian constitutional and public law, with particular attention to the organizational structure and the relationships between institutions and citizens, as well as fundamental principles and constitutional rights. To this end, students are introduced to the legal phenomenon, its relationship with social dynamics, in light of the dialectic between sources, interpretation, and living law. Expected learning outcomes: Knowledge and understanding. Students will acquire knowledge of the Italian constitutional and public law system, within the framework of European Union and supranational law. Ability to apply knowledge and understanding. Knowledge of constitutional and public law topics—the legal phenomenon, the State and the international community, the European Union; forms of state and forms of government; The sources of law, the organization and structure of state powers, constitutional justice, the judiciary, constitutional principles on administration, territorial autonomy, fundamental principles and constitutional rights – allows students to acquire an awareness of the complexity of the national and supranational legal system, thus being able to provide arguments for the solution of problems and issues in this area. Judgment. Students must be able to gather and interpret sources and information, forming their own independent judgments, so as to seek independent and original solutions to complex legal problems, in any work context they will engage in. Communication skills. Students will acquire mastery of legal vocabulary and argumentative skills, particularly in the fields of constitutional and public law. Learning skills. Students will acquire the ability to analyze and interpret legal phenomena and their dynamics, through doctrinal and jurisprudential hermeneutics, including through independent learning. Course Contents The course focuses on: - the foundations of legal phenomena and the basic elements of general legal theory (legal entities, legal systems and norms, sources and interpretation, subjective situations); - the transformation of the State, both domestically and supranationally, including its local articulations, as well as examining forms of state and government; - the structure of the Italian constitutional system, through an examination of the bodies and institutions that embody the separation of powers; - constitutional justice; - with particular attention and more in depth, fundamental principles and constitutional rights. Teaching will be accompanied by an in-depth analysis of case law, for a greater concreteness of learning.
121257 - A SCELTA LIBERA DELLO STUDENTE	First Semester	6
121135 - LABOR LAW	Second Semester	9	GIUR-04/A	Learning objectives The course aims to provide students with comprehensive training on the fundamental institutes of labor law. Particular attention will be given to the latest legislative changes, even those that occurred during the academic year, for which specific materials will be provided in the virtual classroom. At the end of the course, students will be expected to demonstrate the following: • Knowledge and understanding: a good knowledge of the topics covered during the course and sufficient mastery of the regulatory sources (national and supranational) that govern the subject. • Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: students should be able to rework the topics covered during the course to apply the acquired knowledge to identify possible solutions to the problems arising from the rapid regulatory evolution in labor law. • Judgment autonomy: students should be able to assess practical cases to integrate the acquired knowledge and formulate judgments. • Communication skills: students should be able to clearly present the learned notions and correctly use the technical language of the subject. • Learning ability: students should demonstrate that they have developed learning skills that allow them to continuously update through the study of doctrinal and jurisprudential orientations.
121134 - ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY	Second Semester	6	ANGL-01/C
16006 - EUROPEAN UNION LAW	Second Semester	9	GIUR-10/A	Learning objectives D1 - Knowledge and understanding At the end of the course, students will have mastered the content and methodology of the study of European Union law. They will be able to situate the process of European integration within the evolving dynamics of public international law and to understand and articulate the relations between the legal order of the Union and the legal orders of the Member States. D2 - Applied knowledge and understanding Students will be able to critically address the main issues arising from the study of European Union law, reconstructing logical links between the topics covered and developing legally coherent proposals in response to the challenges posed by the evolution of the integration process. They will be able to move with ease and autonomously in the retrieval of sources, doctrine and jurisprudence, as well as to draft commentaries on judgments and short papers on specific aspects. D3 - Autonomy of judgement At the end of the course, students will be able to rework and make the acquired notions their own, as well as the aptitude for a learning method that is not mnemonic, but based on the ability to critically analyse and construct logical connections between the various aspects of the discipline. D4 - Communication skills At the end of the course, students will have learned the technical-legal language of European Union law and its specificities, thus being able to expound the acquired knowledge in an appropriate manner. Communication skills will also be developed through the promotion of a constant dialogue between lecturer and learners, making the latter the protagonists of frontal teaching. D5 - Ability to learn At the end of the course, students are expected to have developed a method of learning the legal phenomena addressed and of arguing the theses set out that is suitable for understanding the complex legal issues dealt with in the course, enabling them to independently formulate legally and logically valid solutions.
121673 - OTHER TRAINING ACTIVITIES	Second Semester	4

SUBJECT	SEMESTER	CFU	SSD	LANGUAGE
121139 - CIVIL PROCEDURAL LAW	First Semester	15	GIUR-12/A		Learning objectives The course is aimed at living to students a general mastery of the Italian Civil Procedure principles; ordinary proceedings; appeals; interim relief; special proceedings; enforcement proceedings, in light of the most recent reforms of the Code of Civil Procedure. Knowledge and Understanding At the end of the course students are expected to have acquired full knowledge and understanding, firstly, of the framework of jurisdictional protection under Constitutional principles and of the specific principles governing civil litigation proceedings and of the differences between the various instruments for protecting rights and of each relevant procedural issue. In particular, the main learning objective is the understanding of: a) with reference to the general provisions: the jurisdiction, translatio judicii, competence, the grounds of legal action, the judge’s powers and duties, plaintiff and defendant’s role, proceedings involving more parties, procedure acts and pleadings; b) with reference to civil litigation: the general rules governing the proceedings and their relevant stages, both on fist instance and on appeal; c) with reference to enforcement proceedings: the rules governing the writ of execution and the various forms of enforcement proceedings; d) with reference to special proceedings, the rules governing order for payments proceedings and summary proceedings. Applying knowledge and understanding At the end of the course students are expected on one side to have acquired the skills to interpret the civil procedure law sources and to make links between the civil procedure law institutions and on the other side to have acquired the understanding of the doctrinal and jurisprudential opinions on the main procedural institutions as well as the relevant application consequences. With reference to this learning objective, supplementary didactics and directed studies will be provided. Making judgements At the end of the course students are expected to have acquired both skills of making judgements about the application of the main procedural institutions and understanding of the relationship between civil procedure law and substantive law. With reference to this learning objective, supplementary didactics and directed study will be provided. Communication skills At the end of the course students are expected to be able to communicate the acquired knowledges using the specific language to be understood also by specialized counterparties and consultants. Learning skills At the end of the course students are expected to be able to carry on with civil procedure law studies and to orientate themselves towards the various procedural issues also dealing with the changing of civil procedure rules, basing on the acquired knowledge of the fundamental principles of the civil procedure system.
121140 - LABOR LAW OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS	First Semester	6	GIUR-04/A		Learning objectives The course aims to illustrate the principles and rules relating to organizations representing professional interests from a perspective that takes into account the evolution of markets and technology. In the first part, the subject is addressed through a reconstruction of the trade union system, with particular regard to collective entities and trade union action tools, collective labor agreements, and strikes. The second part of the course focuses on a critical examination of certain legal issues and includes classroom discussion of practical cases and an examination of collective bargaining At the end of the course, students will be required to demonstrate: • Knowledge and understanding: a good knowledge of the topics covered during the course and sufficient mastery of the regulatory and collective sources governing the subject. • Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: students must be able to rework the topics covered during the course in order to apply the knowledge acquired to identify possible solutions to problems arising from rapid regulatory developments in trade union law. • Independent judgment: students must be able to evaluate practical cases in order to integrate the knowledge acquired and formulate judgments. • Communication skills: students must be able to clearly explain the concepts they have learned and must be able to use the technical language of the subject correctly. • Learning skills: students must demonstrate that they have developed learning skills that enable them to keep up to date through the study of doctrinal guidelines on collective bargaining and case law on the subject.
121141 - FUNDAMENTALS OF POLITICAL ECONOMY	First Semester	6	ECON-01/A		Learning objectives A. OBJECTIVES The course aims to provide students with the basic concepts and principles of political economy, considering also the major recent advances that have characterized the frontier areas of research in economics. In particular, the course intends to provide students with fundamental knowledge regarding how economic systems work, both at the micro- and macro level, by focusing on the behavior of the main economic actors, i.e. households, firms, public authorities, and the rest of the world. B. EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES 1. KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING Acquire knowledge and tools, both theoretical and practical, allowing students to understand how economic systems work, the objectives, limits and tools of policy making. Such knowledge will be acquired through frontal lectures supported by appropriate reading materials, and participation to thematic seminars. 2. APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING Students will be able to apply the acquired knowledge and methodology to practical examples and facts in a way to assess the main concerns and opportunities of modern economic systems. Such skills will be developed mainly through case studies and active debate within the classroom. 3. MAKING JUDGEMENTS The autonomy of judgment is built by means of the technical mastery of the tools, and of the understanding of how economic systems work, to explain the rationale behind the main economic relationships. Students will be able to interpret relevant data and stylized facts on the main economic indicators in order to assess and judge general issues in macro- and microeconomics. This will be built through lessons encouraging discussion and confrontation among students. 4. COMMUNICATION ABILITIES Students will acquire the ability to present the issues of the course with adequate language and appropriate analytical skills (simple formulae, graphs, and explanation of causal links). Such ability will be reached through tutorials. Students will be able to communicate with peers and supervisors about their understanding of basic topics in economics. 5. LEARNING SKILLS Students should be able to rework the main notions of economics independently and critically so that to undertake possible further studies with a high degree of autonomy. C. SYLLABUS Part 1 (basic concepts and methodological approach) - Introductory notions and tools - Thinking like an economist Part 2 (microeconomics): - The functioning of the market: demand, supply, the notion of elasticity, the concepts of consumers surplus, producer surplus and market efficiency. Regulation of markets. Part 3 (macroeconomics): - Macroeconomic variables and stylized facts. - Neoclassical approach (overview) - Keynesian approach to economic fluctuations and unemployment (income-expenditure model).
UNA MATERIA A SCELTA TRA: DIRITTO E GOVERNANCE DI INTERNET, ECONOMIA AZIENDALE, DIRITTO DELL'INFORMAZIONE DIGITALE, ECONOMIA POLITICA E ISTITUZIONI ECONOMICHE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND AUTOMATED DECISION - MAKING, EU: ASYLUM LAW IMPLEMENTATION CHALLEGES, HUMAN MOBILITY AND THE EUROPEAN BORDER REGIME, GIUSTIZIA PENALE EUROPEA E INTERNAZIONALE, ORGANIZZAZIONE GIUDIZIARIA, DIRITTO DELLE RELIGIONI, CLINICA LEGALE SU MIGRAZIONE E ASILO- MALC, STORIA DELL'INTEGRAZIONE EUROPEA, SECURITY AND INDIVIDUAL LIBERTIES IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVEINTERNAZIONALE, PRISON LAW	-	-	-	-
CORPORATE ECONOMICS		6	ECON-06/A		Learning objectives LEARNING OBJECTIVES This course is designed to equip students with the fundamental concepts and terminology necessary to comprehend business administration phenomena. It aims to enable students to comprehend the characteristics, modes of operation, and roles of companies as they engage with the external environment and different methods of internal organization. In the application section, students will gain basic knowledge about how to identify the economic and financial effects of business choices. Upon completion of the course, students will be able to grasp the basic themes of business economics, which will enable them to read documents or participate in debates on company content. KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING By the end of this course, the student will have gained fundamental knowledge of interpretive models that can be used to assess a company's internal operations as well as its relationships with the external environment. These models will provide valuable insights into the dynamics of the company, allowing individuals to make informed decisions and take appropriate actions to improve its overall performance. APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING The student will be able to recognize the various types of companies, understand and critically evaluate the roles of the people who operate there, and identify the parts that make up the structure. In addition, the student will be able to quantify the effect that the main management operations have on capital, the FY performance, and internal balances. MAKING JUDGEMENTS At the end of the course, the student will be able to understand the company and its operation as well as the opportunity to undertake certain management operations about the effects that these may have on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the capital and the FY performance and, more generally, on internal balances. COMMUNICATION SKILLS At the end of the course, the student will have acquired an aptitude for the analysis of business administration problems, relational skills, and written and oral expression, with appropriate language to discuss the topics dealt with the different interlocutors. LEARNING SKILLS The student will acquire the above-mentioned skills through a correct approach to individual study and guided the development of exercises and business cases.
DIGITAL INFORMATION LAW		3	GIUR-01/A		Learning objectives The "Digital Information Law" course focuses on analyzing the technical and legal tools necessary for learning and understanding private law issues related to contracts, contractual and non-contractual liability, with particular reference to the dissemination of information and the use of media. The most relevant legal aspects will be examined, starting from the study of the law, legal entities, and entities, and moving on to freedom of expression and its evolution, including with respect to new media, through the framework of private law. This will allow us to achieve the objective of providing a systematic overview of the complex and heterogeneous system of regulations governing mass media and the associated responsibilities, within the national and European regulatory framework and with reference to the most important case law applications. More in the detail, the course aims at achieving the following objectives. Knowledge and understanding. Students will develop the ability to understand the mechanisms of the legal relationship in private law, in a context of rapid jurisprudential evolution, especially in light of the technological progress of communication tools. Applied knowledge and understanding. After having acquired the correct tools and methods provided by the course, students will be able to interpret and critically evaluate the problems posed by civil doctrine and jurisprudence, at a national and supranational level, taking into account the interaction between the legal systems. Making judgement. The student, through the use of the methodologies acquired during the course, will have acquired analysis skills and the ability to interpret main legal problems of a private nature. Communication skill. At the end of the course, students will improve their ability to communicate and present the results of their analyses, thanks to "problem solving" activities, also carried out through the presentation of practical cases on which to reflect. Learning skills: The technical-legal knowledge acquired during the course will allow students to autonomously understand and interpret complex legal problems. These skills will also be developed through exercises and presentations on concrete cases, taken from sentences of the Italian Corte di Cassazione.
POLITICAL ECONOMY AND ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS		6	ECON-04/A		Learning objectives The course aims to explore macroeconomic issues that, in light of the most recent economic developments, shape the performance of the national and international systems. The course's objective is to introduce and analyze the effects of economic policy on the behavior of individuals and businesses and on the economy as a whole, distinguishing between fiscal and monetary policy. The course will cover both short- and medium-term topics, introducing the main tools of macroeconomic analysis before analyzing the tools available to policymakers and their objectives. The course aims to explore macroeconomic issues that, in light of the most recent economic developments, shape the performance of the national and international systems. The course's objective is to provide insights into the role of the state in influencing the economy in the short, medium, and long term, with particular emphasis on fiscal and monetary policy, whose objectives, tools, and limitations are explored. Dublin Descriptors 1. KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: The course aims to provide basic theoretical knowledge to enable students to independently understand the impact of economic policy. This knowledge will be acquired primarily through lectures, reading targeted texts, and participation in in-depth thematic seminars. 2. ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: Students must be able to apply the methodological and theoretical knowledge acquired in the interpretation of issues and problems in which the equilibrium of economic systems is at stake. These specific skills will be developed primarily through the study of case studies and classroom discussions. 3. INDEPENDENT JUDGMENT: Independent judgment will derive from technical mastery of the tools and an understanding of the reasons why different approaches lead to different solutions in different contexts. This is built through lectures that encourage reasoned discussion with students and group work that stimulates discussion. 4. COMMUNICATION SKILLS: Students should acquire the ability to present and explain the issues and topics covered in the course with mastery of language and adequate analytical skills. Exercises focused on critical reading and interpretation of press articles will aim to develop these skills.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND AUTOMATED DECISION - MAKING		6	GIUR-06/A		Learning objectives 1) knowledge and understanding The teaching aims to provide the student with knowledge and understanding of the use of AI in the field of publicity. 2) Applied knowledge and understanding The teaching aims to provide students with knowledge and understanding of the mechanisms through which public decision-makers make decisions using AI. 3) making judgements At the end of the course, the student should have acquired autonomy of judgement with regard to the issues referred to in points 1 and 2. 4) Communication skills At the end of the course, the student should have acquired communication skills with regard to the issues referred to in points 1 and 2. 5) Learning skills At the end of the course, the student must have acquired the ability to learn the issues referred to in points 1 and 2.
EU ASYLUM LAW: IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES		6	GIUR-06/A		Learning objectives The course aims to provide students with advanced knowledge of the purposes (why), responsibilities (who), and methods (how) of protecting asylum seekers in the European Union. The course takes into account international and European standards, with a predominant focus on the Common European Asylum System (CEAS). At the end of the course, students will be required to demonstrate: • Knowledge and understanding: a good knowledge of the topics covered during the course and sufficient mastery of the European regulatory sources governing the subject. • Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: students must be able to rework the topics covered during the course in order to apply the knowledge acquired to identify possible solutions to the problems arising from the rapid evolution of European asylum law. • Independent judgment: students must be able to evaluate practical cases in order to integrate the knowledge acquired and formulate judgments. • Communication skills: students must clearly explain the concepts learned and be able to correctly use the technical language of the subject. • Learning skills: students must demonstrate that they have developed learning skills that enable them to continuously update their knowledge through the study of European case law.
HUMAN MOBILITY AND THE EUROPEAN BORDER REGIME		6	GIUR-10/A		Learning objectives D1 - Knowledge and understanding The course aims to illustrate and analyse the legal framework of different forms of human mobility in and towards the European Union by adopting a relational approach to the interplay between the legal status of third-country nationals (TCNs) within the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ) and the regulation related to the management of the EU's internal/external borders. The implications from the perspective of rights holders, including their fundamental rights, will be assessed and discussed. D2 - Applied knowledge and understanding By linking the treatment of aliens within the AFSJ and the integrated management of the EU and Member States' borders, students will acquire concrete knowledge and practical understanding of how the latter affects the fragmentation of the legal status of TCNs within the former, and will reconstruct a taxonomy of migratory conditions, ranging from the genuine mobility status enjoyed by EU citizens and their family members to the purely non-mobile status imposed on asylum seekers. D3 - Autonomy of judgement The course follows a seminar methodology and is intended to be interactive. Therefore, active participation will be strongly encouraged. Examples and references to leading case law will be provided in order to stimulate debate and exchange of views among the students. At the end of the course, students will be able to rework and make the acquired notions their own, as well as to develop the aptitude for a learning method that is not mnemonic, but based on the ability to critically analyse and construct logical connections between the various aspects of the discipline. D4 - Communication skills At the end of the course, students will have learned the technical-legal language of European migration law and policy and its specificities, thus being able to expound the acquired knowledge in an appropriate manner. Communication skills will also be developed through the promotion of a constant dialogue between lecturer and learners, making the latter the protagonists of frontal teaching. D5 - Ability to learn At the end of the course, students are expected to have developed a method of learning the legal phenomena addressed and of arguing the theses set out that is suitable for understanding the complex legal issues dealt with in the course, enabling them to independently formulate legally and logically valid solutions.
EUROPEAN AND INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE		2	GIUR-09/A		Learning objectives Knowledge and Understanding: analysis of the international legal system and the functioning of its main institutions. Applied Knowledge and Understanding: examination of judicial cases and the ability to apply acquired knowledge to real-world scenarios. Independent Judgment: ability to formulate critical thoughts on study materials and independently reflect on the issues discussed in class. Communication Skills: ability to communicate clearly and effectively using appropriate technical language. Learning Skills: enhancing the ability to apply the knowledge and methods learned during the course to new cases or areas of study.
LEGAL CLINIC ON MIGRATION AND ASYLUM - MALC		3	GIUR-10/A		Learning objectives 1) Knowledge and Understanding The Legal Clinic offers an educational programme aimed at enhancing students' knowledge of migration, international protection, and social justice issues from legal, social, philosophical, sociological, and anthropological perspectives. In addition to acquiring a thorough understanding of the legal principles relevant to addressing the matters presented to them, students will gain foundational knowledge in legal ethics and will learn to use essential tools for legal research. 2) Applied Knowledge and Understanding Skills Students will acquire essential skills required for the legal profession, particularly in the following areas: • framing specific cases within the relevant legal principles; • conducting targeted and comprehensive research on legislation and case law; • engaging with the client to identify the most suitable procedural strategy or, where possible, suggest alternative solutions; • discussing and resolving real cases (such as those concerning applications for international protection, family reunification, or renewal or conversion of residence permits), working alongside the client’s solicitor; • identifying creative solutions to the case at hand; • drafting investigative reports and preliminary legal documents; • preparing, depending on the case, reports or opinions at the request of international organisations, public authorities, or civil society on legal issues, or drafting judicial documents, amicus curiae briefs, etc.; • utilising key tools for legal research. Attitudes Students will develop cross-disciplinary skills indispensable for the legal profession and, more generally, for professional activity in a broad sense, particularly in the following areas: 1. developing ethical awareness and sensitivity; 2. capacity to work in accordance with ethical codes of conduct; 3. ability to work in teams; 4. fostering communication in multi-professional settings; 5. acquisition of critical thinking and capacity for real-world assessment. 3) Autonomy of judgment The course aims to provide students with the ability to ‐ carry out legislative and case-law research independently; ‐ Identify creative solutions to frequent cases and problems in immigration law; ‐ acquire critical thinking about reality. 4) Communication skills Dialogue with professional and institutional figures aims to develop students' communication skills in various professional contexts. In addition, the course will provide students with the opportunity to learn legal writing and procedural drafting techniques. 5) Learning skills At the end of the course, students will acquire ‐ in-depth knowledge of immigration law concepts and institutions; ‐ the skills indispensable for the exercise of the legal professions; ‐ the ability to solve concrete cases; ‐ the skills necessary for writing legal documents and drafting legal opinions.
HISTORY OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION		6	HIST-03/A		Learning objectives The course aims to provide learners with an in-depth overview of the history of European integration within the general framework of international history since World War II. The course aims to provide historiographical tools and knowledges for understanding the genesis and development of the European Union within the major post-1945 events. Expected outcomes: 1) Knowledge of the disciplinary foundations of contemporary history and ability to understand the main themes of the discipline; 2) applicability of the knowledge gained to the analysis of specific issues; 3) be able to exercise critical thinking skills within the topics addressed by demonstrating autonomy of judgment; 4) congruous communication skills, starting with the vocabulary necessary for the treatment of the topics addressed; 5) Acquisition of basic tools and ability to make use of them to deal independently with further study.
SECURITY AND INDIVIDUAL LIBERTIES IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE		6	GIUR-05/A		Learning objectives Knowledge and Understanding Knowledge of the main institutions of comparative public law, with particular attention to the history of the modern state and constitutionalism, and the concrete implementation of the legal guarantee of rights and freedoms. Applied Knowledge and Understanding Ability to research relevant legislative, bibliographical, and case law materials and use them to address legal problems. Ability to address the main issues that arise in various legal and institutional systems. Particular attention is paid to the guarantee of rights and freedoms. Ability to consider and appropriately select the main interpretations of such legislation in legal doctrine and case law, with reference to how these elements operate in different states. Independent Judgment Attention to the reading of positive law and the interaction between law, politics, and social and economic aspects, knowing how to independently discern their different approaches. Communication Skills Ability to draft documents and analytical reports on course-related topics, demonstrating a clear understanding of relevant legal provisions. Ability to present complex arguments on course topics clearly and effectively, in both academic and professional contexts, including participating in discussions and debates, defending one's positions with sound legal arguments, and responding appropriately to objections and questions. Learning Ability Arouse students' interest in the subject matter, encouraging their commitment and attention to both general topics and specific issues.
INTERNET LAW AND GOVERNANCE		3	GIUR-05/A
PRISON LAW		4	GIUR-13/A
16010 - ADMINISTRATIVE LAW	Second Semester	9	GIUR-06/A		Learning objectives D1 - Knowledge and understanding The course aims to provide students with knowledge and understanding of the following topics: 1. the transformations that have affected public administrations in the European and international context; 2. the principles governing administrative action; 3. the relationships between administrative and government levels within the state; 4. the transformations of the forms of administrative activity; 5. the ways in which the legal system identifies a balance between the protection of public interests and the protection of private interests; 6. the influence of constitutional principles on the organization and functioning of public administration. 7. the relationship between the Italian legal system and that of the European Union and, consequently, between the forms of administrative enforcement of the respective legal sources. D2 - Ability to apply knowledge and understanding At the end of the course, students should be able to: 1. find a legislative or regulatory text, or an administrative act, analyze it, and interpret it by correctly identifying its ratio; 2. find and analyze, including critically, a judicial decision of the administrative courts and other Italian courts, as well as of the Court of Justice of the EU and the European Court of Human Rights. D3 - Independent judgment At the end of the course, students should be able to analyze and reconstruct different and possibly alternative interpretations of a regulatory text or judicial decision. D4 - Communication skills At the end of the course, students should be able to explain the concepts referred to in point D1. D5 - Learning skills At the end of the course, students should be able to independently find and analyze legislation and case law guidelines on administrative law.
121245 - ALTRE ATTIVITA' FORMATIVE	Second Semester	8
121254 - DIRITTO PENALE	Second Semester	9	GIUR-14/A		Learning objectives At the end of the course, it is expected that the student will have acquired/developed the following learning objectives: Knowledge and understanding: The aim of the course is to provide an overview of the criminal issue, i.e., the link between the type of state and the reasons for punishment, through the perspectives offered by criminal policy, constitutional and supranational principles, and the theory of crime. Applied knowledge and understanding: The course aims to offer the essential tools for the correct framing and resolution of practical issues, specifically to address and qualify issues that may be criminally relevant. Judgment autonomy: The course aims to stimulate the student's critical spirit, providing them with the essential methodological tools to acquire awareness of the relativity and contingent nature of the problem of legitimizing the use of punishment. Communication skills: The course aims to develop the ability to correctly express the acquired notions with argumentative coherence, persuasiveness, and language propriety. Learning ability: The course aims to make students understand how penal legal thought is a tool for interpreting reality and contemporary world phenomena.
UNA MATERIA A SCELTA TRA: DIRITTO E GOVERNANCE DI INTERNET, ECONOMIA AZIENDALE, DIRITTO DELL'INFORMAZIONE DIGITALE, ECONOMIA POLITICA E ISTITUZIONI ECONOMICHE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND AUTOMATED DECISION - MAKING, EU: ASYLUM LAW IMPLEMENTATION CHALLEGES, HUMAN MOBILITY AND THE EUROPEAN BORDER REGIME, GIUSTIZIA PENALE EUROPEA E INTERNAZIONALE, ORGANIZZAZIONE GIUDIZIARIA, DIRITTO DELLE RELIGIONI, CLINICA LEGALE SU MIGRAZIONE E ASILO- MALC, STORIA DELL'INTEGRAZIONE EUROPEA, SECURITY AND INDIVIDUAL LIBERTIES IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVEINTERNAZIONALE, PRISON LAW	-	-	-	-
DIGITAL INFORMATION LAW		3	GIUR-01/A		Learning objectives The "Digital Information Law" course focuses on analyzing the technical and legal tools necessary for learning and understanding private law issues related to contracts, contractual and non-contractual liability, with particular reference to the dissemination of information and the use of media. The most relevant legal aspects will be examined, starting from the study of the law, legal entities, and entities, and moving on to freedom of expression and its evolution, including with respect to new media, through the framework of private law. This will allow us to achieve the objective of providing a systematic overview of the complex and heterogeneous system of regulations governing mass media and the associated responsibilities, within the national and European regulatory framework and with reference to the most important case law applications. More in the detail, the course aims at achieving the following objectives. Knowledge and understanding. Students will develop the ability to understand the mechanisms of the legal relationship in private law, in a context of rapid jurisprudential evolution, especially in light of the technological progress of communication tools. Applied knowledge and understanding. After having acquired the correct tools and methods provided by the course, students will be able to interpret and critically evaluate the problems posed by civil doctrine and jurisprudence, at a national and supranational level, taking into account the interaction between the legal systems. Making judgement. The student, through the use of the methodologies acquired during the course, will have acquired analysis skills and the ability to interpret main legal problems of a private nature. Communication skill. At the end of the course, students will improve their ability to communicate and present the results of their analyses, thanks to "problem solving" activities, also carried out through the presentation of practical cases on which to reflect. Learning skills: The technical-legal knowledge acquired during the course will allow students to autonomously understand and interpret complex legal problems. These skills will also be developed through exercises and presentations on concrete cases, taken from sentences of the Italian Corte di Cassazione.
EUROPEAN AND INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE		2	GIUR-09/A		Learning objectives Knowledge and Understanding: analysis of the international legal system and the functioning of its main institutions. Applied Knowledge and Understanding: examination of judicial cases and the ability to apply acquired knowledge to real-world scenarios. Independent Judgment: ability to formulate critical thoughts on study materials and independently reflect on the issues discussed in class. Communication Skills: ability to communicate clearly and effectively using appropriate technical language. Learning Skills: enhancing the ability to apply the knowledge and methods learned during the course to new cases or areas of study.
ORGANIZZAZIONE GIUDIZIARIA		6	GIUR-13/A		Learning objectives The course aims to explore the structural and functional characteristics of the Italian judicial system, with particular attention to the constitutional principles of the autonomy and independence of the judiciary, the role of the Superior Council of the Judiciary and the Ministry of Justice, as well as the organizational and management tools of judicial offices. The objective is to provide basic skills focused on the organizational dimension of the jurisdiction, useful both for entering the workforce (legal and administrative professions) and for postgraduate specialization courses. In addition to lectures, the course includes thematic seminars, exercises on the analysis of organizational documents (such as CSM circulars, organizational projects of prosecutors' offices, organizational tables of adjudicating offices), visits to judicial offices, and in-depth analysis of the CEPEJ's recommendations and monitoring tools, to understand the European comparative framework of justice efficiency. Knowledge and Understanding By the end of the course, students should have acquired full knowledge and understanding of: - the constitutional framework of the judiciary and the fundamental principles of judicial organization; - the structure of the judiciary and the relationships between the CSM, the Ministry of Justice, and judicial offices; - the organizational design of the Public Prosecutor's Offices, with attention to the priority criteria for criminal reports; - the tabular system as a tool to ensure the natural judge pre-established by law; - efficiency and accountability tools, such as the accountability report, the performance indicators of judicial offices, and the main CEPEJ tools for comparative evaluation and monitoring of judicial efficiency. The specific learning objective is a systematic understanding of the principles that govern the organization of justice and the ability to connect individual management tools, including international ones, to the constitutional values of independence, impartiality, and good performance. Applied Knowledge and Understanding The course includes lectures and supplementary activities aimed at promoting the application of theoretical knowledge, including through the analysis of practical cases and organizational measures. Students will be guided to identify application issues and critically evaluate organizational and regulatory guidelines, including comparing Italian models with European best practices. Making Judgements By the end of the course, students should have developed critical thinking skills and independent judgment in the interpretation and evaluation of regulatory and organizational rules, in the reading of CSM decisions, and in the analysis of judicial management models, applying the acquired knowledge to new issues. Communication Skills By the end of the course, students should be able to communicate their acquired knowledge of judicial organization with appropriate language. Learning Skills Upon completion of the course, students should be able to independently continue the study of judicial organization, keep abreast of justice system reforms, and adapt to institutional and organizational changes. The ability to critically analyze CEPEJ data and tools will be developed, allowing them to compare the Italian organization with that of other European countries and propose operational solutions based on principles of efficiency and transparency.
DIRITTO DELLE RELIGIONI		6	GIUR-07/A		Learning objectives The course is dedicated to the study of the relationship between the juridical sphere and the religious phenomenon, and aims to focus and analyze the identity elements, cultural and religious, characterizing the structure of contemporary state political systems. The course also aims to examine the relationships between the great world religions, also in light of the processes of globalization of law. EXPECTED LEARNING RESULTS 1) Knowledge and understanding Analysis of the relationship between law and religion in its essential profiles, with the aim of introducing the student to a basic knowledge of the dynamics characterizing the phenomenon in the contemporary age. 2) Applying knowledge and understanding Development of the ability to read and study legal norms, and in particular the constitutional provisions, in order to be able to apply them to the concrete cases of religious phenomenology. 3) Making judgments Stimulus to the critical evaluation of the contents of the law in force in religious matters in order to grasp, with autonomy of judgment, its peculiarities, also in the perspective of the relationships existing between the different confessional legal systems and contemporary state systems. 4) Communication skills; Development of communicative and linguistic skills related to legal issues inherent to the religious social phenomenon. 5) Ability to learn (learning skills) Personal study of religious problems of particular legal importance, aimed at deepening their knowledge and their possible solutions, also in light of the systematic identification of the fundamental rules in force on the subject.
LEGAL CLINIC ON MIGRATION AND ASYLUM - MALC		3	GIUR-10/A		Learning objectives 1) Knowledge and Understanding The Legal Clinic offers an educational programme aimed at enhancing students' knowledge of migration, international protection, and social justice issues from legal, social, philosophical, sociological, and anthropological perspectives. In addition to acquiring a thorough understanding of the legal principles relevant to addressing the matters presented to them, students will gain foundational knowledge in legal ethics and will learn to use essential tools for legal research. 2) Applied Knowledge and Understanding Skills Students will acquire essential skills required for the legal profession, particularly in the following areas: • framing specific cases within the relevant legal principles; • conducting targeted and comprehensive research on legislation and case law; • engaging with the client to identify the most suitable procedural strategy or, where possible, suggest alternative solutions; • discussing and resolving real cases (such as those concerning applications for international protection, family reunification, or renewal or conversion of residence permits), working alongside the client’s solicitor; • identifying creative solutions to the case at hand; • drafting investigative reports and preliminary legal documents; • preparing, depending on the case, reports or opinions at the request of international organisations, public authorities, or civil society on legal issues, or drafting judicial documents, amicus curiae briefs, etc.; • utilising key tools for legal research. Attitudes Students will develop cross-disciplinary skills indispensable for the legal profession and, more generally, for professional activity in a broad sense, particularly in the following areas: 1. developing ethical awareness and sensitivity; 2. capacity to work in accordance with ethical codes of conduct; 3. ability to work in teams; 4. fostering communication in multi-professional settings; 5. acquisition of critical thinking and capacity for real-world assessment. 3) Autonomy of judgment The course aims to provide students with the ability to ‐ carry out legislative and case-law research independently; ‐ Identify creative solutions to frequent cases and problems in immigration law; ‐ acquire critical thinking about reality. 4) Communication skills Dialogue with professional and institutional figures aims to develop students' communication skills in various professional contexts. In addition, the course will provide students with the opportunity to learn legal writing and procedural drafting techniques. 5) Learning skills At the end of the course, students will acquire ‐ in-depth knowledge of immigration law concepts and institutions; ‐ the skills indispensable for the exercise of the legal professions; ‐ the ability to solve concrete cases; ‐ the skills necessary for writing legal documents and drafting legal opinions.

SUBJECT	SEMESTER	CFU	SSD	LANGUAGE
16019 - COMMERCIAL LAW	First Semester	9	GIUR-02/A		Learning objectives 1) Knowledge and understanding: the course aims at providing the student with the knowledge and ability to understand the peculiarity of commercial law, in particular concerning civil law, through the study of its central institutes; the course aims to allow students to acquire tools for understanding the economic phenomena underlying the subject, to critically grasp the sense of discipline. 2) Applying knowledge and understanding: through an in-depth study of the individual institutes, including case studies, the course aims at providing the student with knowledge and ability to understand the topics taught, not limited to the theoretical approach of the questions, but such as to allow the understanding of the application implications of the relevant notions and the problems that practice presents to the jurist. 3) Making judgements: the course aims at stimulating the student's critical spirit, providing him/her with the essential methodological tools, also in view of a possible future in-depth study of the legal institutes dealt with in the course, for the examination and study of the normative sources, of the doctrinal contributions and of the jurisprudence. 4) Communication skills: also by attending the lessons, the course aims at improving the student's communication and expositive skills with reference to commercial law, stimulating the acquisition of the relevant technical language. 5) Learning skills: the course aims to stimulate the student's curiosity towards the subject, requiring commitment and attention in the study of both general topics and detailed issues, in order to improve the student's learning ability. The course aims to provide students with an understanding of the peculiarities of commercial law, particularly with respect to civil law, through the study of its central institutes - and in particular the institutes concerning the enterprise and its collective exercise - and, therefore, to allow students to acquire the tools for understanding the economic phenomena underlying the subject, in order to be able to critically grasp the meaning of the legislation in its institutional foundations.
NEW GROUP	-	-	-	-
ENTERPRISE COMPETITION AND MARKET		6	GIUR-02/A		Learning objectives The Business, Competition, and Markets course aims to revisit business issues and address, with particular attention, everything related to competitiveness and the comparison with other businesses. Competition law will be examined from the perspective of behaviors that hinder free market action and the principles of fair business conduct, as well as proprietary rights. The course is characterized by its particular focus on the interpretation of legal principles, both domestic and EU, and their application by the Italian Competition Authority (Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e del Mercato), through the analysis of a series of practical case studies conducted directly by the students. The objectives are varied: to maintain student attention, to give greater concreteness to the topics covered and contribute to their understanding, to consolidate student presentation skills, and, most importantly, to foster relationships between them. Specifically, it is believed and expected that students will acquire and develop: -1. Knowledge and understanding of the industrial aspect of commercial law 2. Knowledge and understanding of practical cases 3. Ability to independently evaluate and critically evaluate, including practical cases 4. Expressive and communication skills 5. General and specific learning skills in industrial law, including attention to European and domestic case law and AGCM provisions
CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND DIGITAL INVESTIGATIONS		6	GIUR-13/A		Learning objectives Knowledge and Understanding By the end of the course, students should have acquired knowledge and understanding of: - the constitutional, conventional, and European principles that impact the use of investigative technologies; - the regulatory framework for computer and telematic investigations; - the regulations and operational methods of the main forms of digital investigation: electronic interceptions (including Trojans), computer searches and seizures, geolocation, and undercover operations online; - the relationship between digital investigations, scientific evidence, and documentary evidence. Applied Knowledge and Understanding Through the study of case law, students will be able to: - identify the interpretative and applicative issues related to the use of digital investigations in criminal proceedings; - critically evaluate the relevant case law and doctrinal orientations; - connect the legislation with the operational practices of judicial authorities and the criminal police. Making Independent Judgments Students will develop the ability to make independent and critical judgments regarding the use of investigative technologies, assessing their constitutional legitimacy, proportionality, and privacy protection. They will also be able to analyze the implications of technological evolution for the protection of fundamental rights in criminal proceedings. Communication Skills By the end of the course, students will be able to express themselves using appropriate technical and legal language, clearly and reasonedly communicating the knowledge acquired in academic and professional contexts, including interdisciplinary (legal and technological) contexts. Learning Skills The course aims to provide students with the theoretical and methodological tools to independently pursue the study of digital investigations from a criminal procedural perspective, adapting to ongoing technological and regulatory innovations in the field. Mastery of the fundamental principles of the procedural system will enable them to critically address the new challenges of criminal justice in the digital age.
CRIMINAL LAW AND GLOBAL THREATS		6	GIUR-14/A		Learning objectives D1 – Knowledge and Understanding: The course aims to provide students with an in-depth understanding of the criminal law responses to the challenges posed by crime in the global context, with particular attention to international crimes and transnational criminal phenomena. Focusing on current issues under debate and drawing on relevant case law, the course seeks to develop students’ capacity for comprehension and critical analysis of the strategies of prevention and repression adopted at the national, supranational, and international levels, assessing their evolution and consistency with the fundamental principles of criminal law. D2 – Applied knowledge and understanding: By the end of the course, students will be able to apply their acquired knowledge critically to analyze the main forms of international and transnational criminality, identifying the most appropriate legal instruments and counter-strategies for different contexts. They will be able to interpret and assess the criminal law responses adopted, linking theoretical aspects to practical cases and developing sound legal reasoning and problem-solving skills consistent with the fundamental principles of criminal law. D3 - Autonomy of judgement: The course adopts a seminar-based and highly interactive approach aimed at promoting active participation and critical engagement. The analysis of case studies and judicial decisions will be used to encourage both individual and collective reflection. By the end of the course, students will be able to independently re-elaborate the acquired knowledge, demonstrating the ability to critically assess the various aspects of the discipline and to formulate well-founded and coherent legal judgments. D4 - Communication skills Upon completion of the course, students will have acquired proficiency in the technical and legal language of criminal law, with particular reference to its international and transnational dimensions. They will be able to present their knowledge and analyses clearly and coherently, both in written and oral form, and to engage effectively in academic discussion. The dialogical and participatory teaching approach will foster the development of effective communication skills suitable for both academic and professional contexts. D5 – Ability to learn: The course aims to foster the development of a learning method based on critical understanding of legal phenomena and autonomous elaboration of knowledge. By the end of the course, students should be able to address complex issues of international and transnational criminal law in a structured and informed manner, demonstrating the ability to synthesize information, pursue continuous self-directed learning, and formulate logically and legally sound solutions.
CYBERSECURITY AND DATA PROTECTION		6	GIUR-17/A		Learning objectives D1 By the end of the course, students will have knowledge and understanding of the fundamental legal principles and provisions concerning the protection of personal data and cybersecurity in a perspective of legal informatics focusing on the relations between law and technology; autonomous ability to read the new European standards on data protection and platforms regulations; ability to understand the goals and technological motivations that led to their adoption; ability to understand the implementation rationale of the new regulatory framework. Students will also be able to identify privacy risks in different proposed scenarios, and to propose and evaluate solutions to mitigate such risks. D2 Students will be able to critically reflect on the main issues arising in the field of data protection and cybersecurity in relation to the protection of rights, reviewing the concepts they have learnt, linking the various topics in order to make useful proposals for the solution of concrete cases, as well as understanding the social and ethical implications of their choices in applying them. Students will also have developed the ability to search for literature, legislation and case law by consulting online archives and databases D3 By the end of the course, students will be able to independently process the concepts acquired and develop critical thinking skills through the examination of key concepts related to data protection and cybersecurity D4 At the end of the course, the students will have strengthened their knowledge of the language of legal informatics related to data protection and cybersecurity; in particular, they will have learned to express the knowledge acquired (according to D1 and D2) with appropriate vocabulary. By learning the language of legal informatics, students will be able to communicate content of specific importance in the legal field D5 By the end of the course, students should have developed a method of reasoning suitable for dealing with the specific topics covered in the course and be able to update information independently and appropriately
PUBLIC INFORMATION LAW		6	GIUR-06/A		Learning objectives 1. Knowledge and understanding The course aims to provide students with knowledge and understanding of the tools used to promote administrative transparency. 2. Applying knowledge and understanding By the end of the course, students should be able to: - find a piece of legislation or regulation, or an administrative act, analyse it and interpret it by correctly identifying its rationale; - find and analyse, including critically, a judicial decision of the administrative courts and other Italian courts, as well as the Court of Justice of the EU; 3. Independent judgement At the end of the course, students should be able to analyse and reconstruct different and possibly alternative interpretations of a regulatory text or judicial decision. 4. Communication skills At the end of the course, students should be able to illustrate the aspects referred to in point 1 above. 5. Learning skills At the end of the course, students should be able to independently find and analyse legislation and case law guidelines on administrative law.
121255 - DIRITTO PENALE PROGREDITO	First Semester	9	GIUR-14/A		Learning objectives 1) Knowledge and Understanding: The course aims to deepen the issue of the legitimacy of punishment, with a particular focus on the collateral effects of the penalty, both in the context of the punishment of legal entities and individuals. The main objective is to provide students with a thorough understanding of the subject, from both a theoretical and practical perspective, through the analysis of current law, including the regulatory framework and jurisprudential approaches. Special attention will be given to constitutional principles, particularly those of personal responsibility, re-education, proportionality, and humanity of the punishment, enabling students to enhance their critical thinking and refine their understanding of the underlying implications of punitive choices. 2) Applied Knowledge and Understanding: The course aims to provide students with the essential theoretical and practical tools for the correct framing and resolution of issues related to the collateral effects of punishment on third parties and society. To this end, students will be guided in analyzing and resolving real cases drawn from lower court decisions, constitutional rulings, and case law from higher courts. Particular attention will be given to the ability to apply constitutional principles correctly to the subject matter of the course. 3) Autonomy of Judgment: The course promotes students' autonomy of judgment by encouraging them to critically analyze legal institutions aimed at reducing the impact of penalties on third parties and society. Students will be stimulated to reflect on the practical and constitutional implications of decisions regarding sanctions, developing the ability to address complex issues through a critical reading of case law and doctrine. They will also be guided in acquiring methodological tools that will help them formulate independent positions, well- founded on constitutional principles, without limiting themselves to individual normative aspects but considering the complexity of the legal system. 4) Communication Skills: The course encourages the improvement of communication skills through oral and written exercises, where students will need to present the issues addressed clearly and precisely, including controversial topics related to the collateral effects of punishment. Classroom discussions and the drafting of written texts will stimulate the ability to argue coherently, rigorously, and persuasively. Students will be required to express their positions articulately, respecting the technical legal language and maintaining a critical and reflective approach to the topics discussed. 5) Ability to Learn: The course aims to develop autonomy in legal research and analysis by encouraging students to explore in depth the normative and jurisprudential sources related to the collateral effects of punishment. The goal is to strengthen the ability to identify, understand, and independently address complex legal issues, using a methodological approach that promotes continuous learning. Students will be encouraged to integrate the knowledge acquired with critical reflection on constitutional principles, fostering a dynamic understanding of the practical implications of punishment.
121734 - CRIMINAL PROCEDUAL LAW I	First Semester	15	GIUR-13/A
119668 - DIRITTO PROCESSUALE AMMINISTRATIVO	Second Semester	9	GIUR-06/A		Learning objectives 1) Knowledge and understanding: the course aims to provide the student with knowledge and understanding of the peculiarities of administrative procedural law compared to the institutions, in particular, of civil procedural law, where they exist. In particular with respect to civil procedural law, the study of the main institutions of the administrative process will allow the peculiarities that are imposed by the public nature of the resisting administrative authorities and the powers exercised by them in the contested administrative provisions to emerge. 2) Applied knowledge and understanding: the course, through the in-depth study of the individual institutions, also in a case-by-case manner, aims to provide the student with knowledge and understanding of the subjects taught, not limited to the theoretical approach of the issues, but such as to allow the understanding of the applicative implications of the relevant notions and problems that the jurisprudence of the Regional Administrative Courts and the Council of State submits to the jurist expert in administrative procedural law. 3) Autonomy of judgment: the course aims to stimulate the critical spirit of the student, providing him with the essential methodological tools to be able to make adequate judgments and evaluations on the cases submitted to his study, also in view of a possible future in-depth study of the jurisprudence formed in the matter. 4) Communication skills: by attending the lessons, the course aims at improving the student's communication and expositive skills with reference to administrative law, stimulating the acquisition of the relevant technical language. 5) Learning skills: the course aims to stimulate the student's curiosity towards the subject, requiring commitment and attention in the study of both general topics and detailed issues, in order to improve the student's learning ability.
16026 - INSOLVENCY LAW	Second Semester	6	GIUR-02/A		Learning objectives 1) Knowledge and understanding: the course aims at providing the student with the knowledge and ability to understand the peculiarity of crisis and restructuring law, the course aims to allow students to acquire tools for understanding the economic phenomena underlying the subject, to critically grasp the sense of discipline. 2) Applying knowledge and understanding: through an in-depth study of the individual institutes, including case studies, the course aims at providing the student with knowledge and ability to understand the topics taught, not limited to the theoretical approach of the questions, but such as to allow the understanding of the application implications of the relevant notions and the problems that practice presents to the jurist. 3) Making judgements: the course aims at stimulating the student's critical spirit, providing him/her with the essential methodological tools, also in view of a possible future in-depth study of the legal institutes dealt with in the course, for the examination and study of the normative sources, of the doctrinal contributions and of the jurisprudence. 4) Communication skills: also by attending the lessons, the course aims at improving the student's communication and expositive skills with reference to crisis and restructuring law, stimulating the acquisition of the relevant technical language. 5) Learning skills: the course aims to stimulate the student's curiosity towards the subject, requiring commitment and attention in the study of both general topics and detailed issues, in order to improve the student's learning ability.
121678 - OTHERS TRAINING ACTIVITIES	Second Semester	8

SUBJECT	SEMESTER	CFU	SSD
16024 - CIVIL LAW	First Semester	9	GIUR-01/A	Learning objectives 1) Knowledge and understanding: the course aims to provide the student with knowledge and understanding of the complex regulatory system that concerns the rights of the person in general. The aim of the course is to allow students to understand the mechanisms through which social protection needs, arising not only from the modification of individual relationships, but also from technological evolution, are implemented either by the regulatory system or by the activities of the Courts. 2) Knowledge and understanding: the course aims to provide the student with knowledge and understanding of the complex regulatory system that concerns the rights of the person in general. The aim of the course is to allow students to understand the mechanisms through which social protection needs, arising not only from the modification of individual relationships, but also from technological evolution, are implemented either by the regulatory system or by the activities of the Courts. 3) Autonomy of judgment: the course aims to stimulate the critical spirit of the student, providing him with the essential methodological tools to understand the complexity of the interpretative activity of jurisprudence, and the importance of the so-called "dialogue between the courts" and of consequence whether and to what extent it is possible to refer to a general right of the person, of transnational scope. 4) Communication skills: also through the attendance of lessons, the course aims to perfect the student's communication and presentation skills with reference to “civil law” (expression with which, in national law, the rights of the person can be defined as a whole), stimulating the acquisition of an appropriate technical language, but always from a perspective of clarity and simplicity of communication. 5) Learning skills: the course aims to stimulate the student's curiosity towards the subject, requiring commitment and attention in the study of both general topics and detailed issues, in order to improve the student's learning ability.
121157 - LEGAL INFORMATICS	First Semester	6	GIUR-17/A	Learning objectives D1 By the end of the course, students will have mastered the basics of legal informatics, developed an understanding of the main issues related to the protection of rights in the digital sphere, and will be able to manage online resources for researching legal material D2 Students will be able to critically reflect on the main issues arising in the field of legal informatics and the protection of rights, reviewing the concepts they have learnt, linking the various topics in order to make useful proposals for the solution of concrete cases, as well as understanding the social and ethical implications of their choices in applying them. Students will also have developed the ability to search for literature, legislation and case law by consulting online archives and databases D3 By the end of the course, students will be able to independently process the concepts acquired and develop critical thinking skills through the examination of key concepts in legal informatics D4 At the end of the course, the students will have strengthened their knowledge of the language of legal informatics, in particular, they will have learned to express the knowledge acquired (according to D1 and D2) with appropriate vocabulary. By learning the language of legal informatics, students will be able to communicate content of specific importance in the legal field D5 By the end of the course, students should have developed a method of reasoning suitable for dealing with the specific legal informatics topics covered in the course and be able to update information independently and appropriately
18567 - PROVA FINALE	Second Semester	15
121158 - BUSINESS LAW	Second Semester	9	GIUR-03/A	Learning objectives The course analyzes the relationship between the state, regulation, and the economy through the study of the legal and economic foundations of positive law. The approach, therefore, is systematic and reconstructive, focusing on the institutional and relational dynamics that characterize the various players operating in the market. The reflection begins with the Constitution, extending to other forms of regulation that complement the legal order of the market. Particular attention is paid to the evolution of the system of economic relations (national and international) and the reconstruction of the sources of economic law. The course is divided into two parts. The first part will illustrate the principles underlying economic governance. The second part will explore specific economic law topics, with particular reference to those of greatest relevance. At the end of the course, students are expected to have acquired/developed: 1) Knowledge and understanding: the aim of the course is to foster knowledge and understanding of the categories of economic law, both from a public and private perspective; 2) Knowledge and understanding: the aim of the course is to foster knowledge and understanding of the categories of economic law, both from a public and private perspective; 3) Knowledge and understanding: the aim of the course is to foster knowledge and understanding of the categories of economic law, both from a public and private perspective; 4) Knowledge and understanding: the aim of the course is to foster knowledge and understanding of the categories of economic law, both from a public and private perspective; 5) Knowledge and understanding: the aim of the course is to foster knowledge and understanding of the categories of economic law, both from a public and private perspective; 2) Applied knowledge and understanding: The course aims to develop students' ability to interpret the legal rules governing the market in order to solve complex legal problems related to economic dynamics. 3) Independent judgment: The course aims to stimulate students' critical thinking by providing them with the necessary methodological tools; 4) Communication skills: The course aims to enhance students' ability to correctly express acquired knowledge with coherent argumentation, scientific rigor, and appropriate language; 5) Learning skills: The course aims to foster students' ability to grasp legal phenomena in all their complexity, not only in their normative dimension but also in their jurisprudential context.
16795 - OPTIONAL SUBJECT 6 CFU	Second Semester	6
17749 - COMPARATIVE LEGAL SYSTEMS	Second Semester	9	GIUR-11/B	Learning objectives The course "Comparative Legal Systems" aims to provide students with a solid understanding of the major legal traditions of the world and their distinctive characteristics, with a particular focus on Western legal systems, promoting a critical and analytical view of law from a comparative perspective. Specifically, the course aims to equip students with the following skills: D1 - Knowledge and understanding: Acquire an in-depth knowledge of the world's major legal systems (civil law, common law, mixed systems, religious law systems, etc.) . D2 - Applied knowledge and understanding: Develop the ability to compare different legal systems, highlighting similarities and differences in principles, sources of law, and interpretive and application techniques. Develop the ability to read and analyze the legal consequences of important rulings and their international implications. D3 - Independent judgment: Learn the methods and techniques of comparative law to analyze legal institutions and norms critically, understand their function in different legal, economic, and social contexts, and reflect on the process of the circulation of legal models. Students must be able to independently assess the dynamics of globalization, regionalism, and localism that influence the evolution of legal systems. D4 - Communication skills: Acquire an appropriate legal technical language and use it correctly in the exposition and description of legal institutions, enabling students to compare legal systems and institutions operating in multinational legal contexts. D5 - Learning skills: The course aims to provide theoretical and practical tools to understand and interpret law from a global perspective, essential for the training of legal professionals, also in terms of addressing the most pressing current issues.

Learning objectives

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
This course is designed to equip students with the fundamental concepts and terminology necessary to comprehend business administration phenomena. It aims to enable students to comprehend the characteristics, modes of operation, and roles of companies as they engage with the external environment and different methods of internal organization. In the application section, students will gain basic knowledge about how to identify the economic and financial effects of business choices. Upon completion of the course, students will be able to grasp the basic themes of business economics, which will enable them to read documents or participate in debates on company content.

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING
By the end of this course, the student will have gained fundamental knowledge of interpretive models that can be used to assess a company's internal operations as well as its relationships with the external environment. These models will provide valuable insights into the dynamics of the company, allowing individuals to make informed decisions and take appropriate actions to improve its overall performance.

APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING
The student will be able to recognize the various types of companies, understand and critically evaluate the roles of the people who operate there, and identify the parts that make up the structure. In addition, the student will be able to quantify the effect that the main management operations have on capital, the FY performance, and internal balances.

MAKING JUDGEMENTS
At the end of the course, the student will be able to understand the company and its operation as well as the opportunity to undertake certain management operations about the effects that these may have on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the capital and the FY performance and, more generally, on internal balances.

COMMUNICATION SKILLS
At the end of the course, the student will have acquired an aptitude for the analysis of business administration problems, relational skills, and written and oral expression, with appropriate language to discuss the topics dealt with the different interlocutors.

LEARNING SKILLS
The student will acquire the above-mentioned skills through a correct approach to individual study and guided the development of exercises and business cases.

Learning objectives

The "Digital Information Law" course focuses on analyzing the technical and legal tools necessary for learning and understanding private law issues related to contracts, contractual and non-contractual liability, with particular reference to the dissemination of information and the use of media.
The most relevant legal aspects will be examined, starting from the study of the law, legal entities, and entities, and moving on to freedom of expression and its evolution, including with respect to new media, through the framework of private law. This will allow us to achieve the objective of providing a systematic overview of the complex and heterogeneous system of regulations governing mass media and the associated responsibilities, within the national and European regulatory framework and with reference to the most important case law applications.
More in the detail, the course aims at achieving the following objectives.
Knowledge and understanding. Students will develop the ability to understand the mechanisms of the legal relationship in private law, in a context of rapid jurisprudential
evolution, especially in light of the technological progress of communication tools.
Applied knowledge and understanding. After having acquired the correct tools and methods provided by the course, students will be able to interpret and critically evaluate the
problems posed by civil doctrine and jurisprudence, at a national and supranational level, taking into account the interaction between the legal systems.
Making judgement. The student, through the use of the methodologies acquired during the course, will have acquired analysis skills and the ability to interpret main legal problems of a private nature.
Communication skill. At the end of the course, students will improve their ability to communicate and present the results of their analyses, thanks to "problem solving" activities, also carried out through the presentation of practical cases on which to reflect.
Learning skills: The technical-legal knowledge acquired during the course will allow students to autonomously understand and interpret complex legal problems. These skills will also be developed through exercises and presentations on concrete cases, taken from sentences of the Italian Corte di Cassazione.

Learning objectives

The course aims to explore macroeconomic issues that, in light of the most recent economic developments, shape the performance of the national and international systems. The course's objective is to introduce and analyze the effects of economic policy on the behavior of individuals and businesses and on the economy as a whole, distinguishing between fiscal and monetary policy. The course will cover both short- and medium-term topics, introducing the main tools of macroeconomic analysis before analyzing the tools available to policymakers and their objectives. The course aims to explore macroeconomic issues that, in light of the most recent economic developments, shape the performance of the national and international systems. The course's objective is to provide insights into the role of the state in influencing the economy in the short, medium, and long term, with particular emphasis on fiscal and monetary policy, whose objectives, tools, and limitations are explored. Dublin Descriptors 1. KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: The course aims to provide basic theoretical knowledge to enable students to independently understand the impact of economic policy. This knowledge will be acquired primarily through lectures, reading targeted texts, and participation in in-depth thematic seminars. 2. ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: Students must be able to apply the methodological and theoretical knowledge acquired in the interpretation of issues and problems in which the equilibrium of economic systems is at stake. These specific skills will be developed primarily through the study of case studies and classroom discussions. 3. INDEPENDENT JUDGMENT: Independent judgment will derive from technical mastery of the tools and an understanding of the reasons why different approaches lead to different solutions in different contexts. This is built through lectures that encourage reasoned discussion with students and group work that stimulates discussion. 4. COMMUNICATION SKILLS: Students should acquire the ability to present and explain the issues and topics covered in the course with mastery of language and adequate analytical skills. Exercises focused on critical reading and interpretation of press articles will aim to develop these skills.

Learning objectives

1) knowledge and understanding
The teaching aims to provide the student with knowledge and understanding of the use of AI in the field of publicity.
2) Applied knowledge and understanding
The teaching aims to provide students with knowledge and understanding of the mechanisms through which public decision-makers make decisions using AI.
3) making judgements
At the end of the course, the student should have acquired autonomy of judgement with regard to the issues referred to in points 1 and 2.
4) Communication skills
At the end of the course, the student should have acquired communication skills with regard to the issues referred to in points 1 and 2.
5) Learning skills
At the end of the course, the student must have acquired the ability to learn the issues referred to in points 1 and 2.

Learning objectives

The course aims to provide students with advanced knowledge of the purposes (why), responsibilities (who), and methods (how) of protecting asylum seekers in the European Union. The course takes into account international and European standards, with a predominant focus on the Common European Asylum System (CEAS).
At the end of the course, students will be required to demonstrate:
• Knowledge and understanding: a good knowledge of the topics covered during the course and sufficient mastery of the European regulatory sources governing the subject.
• Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: students must be able to rework the topics covered during the course in order to apply the knowledge acquired to identify possible solutions to the problems arising from the rapid evolution of European asylum law.
• Independent judgment: students must be able to evaluate practical cases in order to integrate the knowledge acquired and formulate judgments.
• Communication skills: students must clearly explain the concepts learned and be able to correctly use the technical language of the subject.
• Learning skills: students must demonstrate that they have developed learning skills that enable them to continuously update their knowledge through the study of European case law.

Learning objectives

D1 - Knowledge and understanding
The course aims to illustrate and analyse the legal framework of different forms of human mobility in and towards the European Union by adopting a relational approach to the interplay between the legal status of third-country nationals (TCNs) within the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ) and the regulation related to the management of the EU's internal/external borders. The implications from the perspective of rights holders, including their fundamental rights, will be assessed and discussed.
D2 - Applied knowledge and understanding
By linking the treatment of aliens within the AFSJ and the integrated management of the EU and Member States' borders, students will acquire concrete knowledge and practical understanding of how the latter affects the fragmentation of the legal status of TCNs within the former, and will reconstruct a taxonomy of migratory conditions, ranging from the genuine mobility status enjoyed by EU citizens and their family members to the purely non-mobile status imposed on asylum seekers.
D3 - Autonomy of judgement
The course follows a seminar methodology and is intended to be interactive. Therefore, active participation will be strongly encouraged. Examples and references to leading case law will be provided in order to stimulate debate and exchange of views among the students. At the end of the course, students will be able to rework and make the acquired notions their own, as well as to develop the aptitude for a learning method that is not mnemonic, but based on the ability to critically analyse and construct logical connections between the various aspects of the discipline.
D4 - Communication skills
At the end of the course, students will have learned the technical-legal language of European migration law and policy and its specificities, thus being able to expound the acquired knowledge in an appropriate manner. Communication skills will also be developed through the promotion of a constant dialogue between lecturer and learners, making the latter the protagonists of frontal teaching.
D5 - Ability to learn
At the end of the course, students are expected to have developed a method of learning the legal phenomena addressed and of arguing the theses set out that is suitable for understanding the complex legal issues dealt with in the course, enabling them to independently formulate legally and logically valid solutions.

Learning objectives

Knowledge and Understanding: analysis of the international legal system and the functioning of its main institutions.
Applied Knowledge and Understanding: examination of judicial cases and the ability to apply acquired knowledge to real-world scenarios.
Independent Judgment: ability to formulate critical thoughts on study materials and independently reflect on the issues discussed in class.
Communication Skills: ability to communicate clearly and effectively using appropriate technical language.
Learning Skills: enhancing the ability to apply the knowledge and methods learned during the course to new cases or areas of study.

Learning objectives

1) Knowledge and Understanding
The Legal Clinic offers an educational programme aimed at enhancing students' knowledge of migration, international protection, and social justice issues from legal, social, philosophical, sociological, and anthropological perspectives. In addition to acquiring a thorough understanding of the legal principles relevant to addressing the matters presented to them, students will gain foundational knowledge in legal ethics and will learn to use essential tools for legal research.

2) Applied Knowledge and Understanding

Skills
Students will acquire essential skills required for the legal profession, particularly in the following areas:
• framing specific cases within the relevant legal principles;
• conducting targeted and comprehensive research on legislation and case law;
• engaging with the client to identify the most suitable procedural strategy or, where possible, suggest alternative solutions;
• discussing and resolving real cases (such as those concerning applications for international protection, family reunification, or renewal or conversion of residence permits), working alongside the client’s solicitor;
• identifying creative solutions to the case at hand;
• drafting investigative reports and preliminary legal documents;
• preparing, depending on the case, reports or opinions at the request of international organisations, public authorities, or civil society on legal issues, or drafting judicial documents, amicus curiae briefs, etc.;
• utilising key tools for legal research.

Attitudes
Students will develop cross-disciplinary skills indispensable for the legal profession and, more generally, for professional activity in a broad sense, particularly in the following areas:
1. developing ethical awareness and sensitivity;
2. capacity to work in accordance with ethical codes of conduct;
3. ability to work in teams;
4. fostering communication in multi-professional settings;
5. acquisition of critical thinking and capacity for real-world assessment.

3) Autonomy of judgment
The course aims to provide students with the ability to
‐ carry out legislative and case-law research independently;
‐ Identify creative solutions to frequent cases and problems in immigration law;
‐ acquire critical thinking about reality.

4) Communication skills
Dialogue with professional and institutional figures aims to develop students' communication skills in various professional contexts. In addition, the course will provide students with the opportunity to learn legal writing and procedural drafting techniques.

5) Learning skills
At the end of the course, students will acquire
‐ in-depth knowledge of immigration law concepts and institutions;
‐ the skills indispensable for the exercise of the legal professions;
‐ the ability to solve concrete cases;
‐ the skills necessary for writing legal documents and drafting legal opinions.

Learning objectives

The course aims to provide learners with an in-depth overview of the history of European integration within the general framework of international history since World War II. The course aims to provide historiographical tools and knowledges for understanding the genesis and development of the European Union within the major post-1945 events.
Expected outcomes:
1) Knowledge of the disciplinary foundations of contemporary history and ability to understand the main themes of the discipline;
2) applicability of the knowledge gained to the analysis of specific issues;
3) be able to exercise critical thinking skills within the topics addressed by demonstrating autonomy of judgment;
4) congruous communication skills, starting with the vocabulary necessary for the treatment of the topics addressed;
5) Acquisition of basic tools and ability to make use of them to deal independently with further study.

Learning objectives

Knowledge and Understanding
Knowledge of the main institutions of comparative public law, with particular attention to the history of the modern state and constitutionalism, and the concrete implementation of the legal guarantee of rights and freedoms.
Applied Knowledge and Understanding
Ability to research relevant legislative, bibliographical, and case law materials and use them
to address legal problems. Ability to address the main issues that arise in various legal and institutional systems.
Particular attention is paid to the guarantee of rights and freedoms. Ability to consider and appropriately select the main interpretations of such legislation in legal doctrine and case law, with reference to how these elements operate in different states.
Independent Judgment
Attention to the reading of positive law and the interaction between law, politics, and social and
economic aspects, knowing how to independently discern their different approaches.
Communication Skills
Ability to draft documents and analytical reports on course-related topics, demonstrating a clear understanding of relevant legal provisions. Ability to present complex arguments on course topics clearly and effectively, in both academic and professional contexts, including participating in discussions and debates, defending one's positions with sound legal arguments, and responding appropriately to objections and questions.
Learning Ability
Arouse students' interest in the subject matter, encouraging their commitment and attention to both general topics and specific issues.

Learning objectives

The course aims to explore the structural and functional characteristics
of the Italian judicial system, with particular attention to the constitutional principles
of the autonomy and independence of the judiciary, the role of the Superior Council of the Judiciary
and the Ministry of Justice, as well as the organizational and management tools
of judicial offices.
The objective is to provide basic skills focused on the organizational dimension of the
jurisdiction, useful both for entering the workforce (legal and administrative professions)
and for postgraduate specialization courses.
In addition to lectures, the course includes thematic seminars, exercises on the analysis of organizational
documents (such as CSM circulars, organizational projects of prosecutors' offices, organizational
tables of adjudicating offices), visits to judicial offices, and in-depth analysis of the
CEPEJ's recommendations and monitoring tools, to understand the European
comparative framework of justice efficiency.
Knowledge and Understanding
By the end of the course, students should have acquired full knowledge and understanding of:
- the constitutional framework of the judiciary and the fundamental principles
of judicial organization;
- the structure of the judiciary and the relationships between the CSM, the Ministry of Justice, and
judicial offices;
- the organizational design of the Public Prosecutor's Offices, with attention to the priority criteria
for criminal reports;
- the tabular system as a tool to ensure the natural judge pre-established by law;
- efficiency and accountability tools, such as the accountability report, the performance indicators
of judicial offices, and the main CEPEJ tools for comparative evaluation
and monitoring of judicial efficiency.
The specific learning objective is a systematic understanding of the principles that govern
the organization of justice and the ability to connect individual management tools, including
international ones, to the constitutional values of independence, impartiality, and good performance.
Applied Knowledge and Understanding
The course includes lectures and supplementary activities aimed at promoting the application of
theoretical knowledge, including through the analysis of practical cases and organizational measures.
Students will be guided to identify application issues and critically evaluate
organizational and regulatory guidelines, including comparing Italian models with European
best practices.
Making Judgements
By the end of the course, students should have developed critical thinking skills and independent judgment
in the interpretation and evaluation of regulatory and organizational rules, in the reading of
CSM decisions, and in the analysis of judicial management models, applying the acquired
knowledge to new issues.
Communication Skills
By the end of the course, students should be able to communicate their acquired
knowledge of judicial organization with appropriate language.
Learning Skills
Upon completion of the course, students should be able to independently continue
the study of judicial organization, keep abreast of justice system reforms,
and adapt to institutional and organizational changes.
The ability to critically analyze CEPEJ data and tools will be developed, allowing them to
compare the Italian organization with that of other European countries and propose operational
solutions based on principles of efficiency and transparency.

Learning objectives

The course is dedicated to the study of the relationship between the juridical sphere and the religious phenomenon, and aims to focus and analyze the identity elements, cultural and religious, characterizing the structure of contemporary state political systems.
The course also aims to examine the relationships between the great world religions, also in light of the processes of globalization of law.

EXPECTED LEARNING RESULTS

1) Knowledge and understanding
Analysis of the relationship between law and religion in its essential profiles, with the aim of introducing the student to a basic knowledge of the dynamics characterizing the phenomenon in the contemporary age.

2) Applying knowledge and understanding
Development of the ability to read and study legal norms, and in particular the constitutional provisions, in order to be able to apply them to the concrete cases of religious phenomenology.

3) Making judgments
Stimulus to the critical evaluation of the contents of the law in force in religious matters in order to grasp, with autonomy of judgment, its peculiarities, also in the perspective of the relationships existing between the different confessional legal systems and contemporary state systems.

4) Communication skills;
Development of communicative and linguistic skills related to legal issues inherent to the religious social phenomenon.

5) Ability to learn (learning skills)
Personal study of religious problems of particular legal importance, aimed at deepening their knowledge and their possible solutions, also in light of the systematic identification of the fundamental rules in force on the subject.

Learning objectives

The Business, Competition, and Markets course aims to revisit business issues and address, with particular attention, everything related to competitiveness and the comparison with other businesses. Competition law will be examined from the perspective of behaviors that hinder free market action and the principles of fair business conduct, as well as proprietary rights.
The course is characterized by its particular focus on the interpretation of legal principles, both domestic and EU, and their application by the Italian Competition Authority (Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e del Mercato), through the analysis of a series of practical case studies conducted directly by the students.
The objectives are varied: to maintain student attention, to give greater concreteness to the topics covered and contribute to their understanding, to consolidate student presentation skills, and, most importantly, to foster relationships between them.
Specifically, it is believed and expected that students will acquire and develop:
-1. Knowledge and understanding of the industrial aspect of commercial law
2. Knowledge and understanding of practical cases
3. Ability to independently evaluate and critically evaluate, including practical cases
4. Expressive and communication skills
5. General and specific learning skills in industrial law, including attention to European and domestic case law and AGCM provisions

Learning objectives

Knowledge and Understanding
By the end of the course, students should have acquired knowledge and understanding of:
- the constitutional, conventional, and European principles that impact the use of investigative technologies;
- the regulatory framework for computer and telematic investigations;
- the regulations and operational methods of the main forms of digital investigation: electronic interceptions (including Trojans), computer searches and seizures, geolocation, and undercover operations online;
- the relationship between digital investigations, scientific evidence, and documentary evidence.
Applied Knowledge and Understanding
Through the study of case law, students will be able to:
- identify the interpretative and applicative issues related to the use of digital investigations in criminal proceedings;
- critically evaluate the relevant case law and doctrinal orientations;
- connect the legislation with the operational practices of judicial authorities and the criminal police.
Making Independent Judgments
Students will develop the ability to make independent and critical judgments regarding the use of investigative technologies, assessing their constitutional legitimacy, proportionality, and privacy protection.
They will also be able to analyze the implications of technological evolution for the protection of fundamental rights in criminal proceedings.
Communication Skills
By the end of the course, students will be able to express themselves using appropriate technical and legal language, clearly and reasonedly communicating the knowledge acquired in academic and professional contexts, including interdisciplinary (legal and technological) contexts.
Learning Skills
The course aims to provide students with the theoretical and methodological tools to independently pursue the study of digital investigations from a criminal procedural perspective, adapting to ongoing technological and regulatory innovations in the field.
Mastery of the fundamental principles of the procedural system will enable them to critically address the new challenges of criminal justice in the digital age.

Learning objectives

D1 – Knowledge and Understanding:
The course aims to provide students with an in-depth understanding of the criminal law
responses to the challenges posed by crime in the global context, with particular attention
to international crimes and transnational criminal phenomena. Focusing on current issues
under debate and drawing on relevant case law, the course seeks to develop students’
capacity for comprehension and critical analysis of the strategies of prevention and
repression adopted at the national, supranational, and international levels, assessing their
evolution and consistency with the fundamental principles of criminal law.
D2 – Applied knowledge and understanding:
By the end of the course, students will be able to apply their acquired knowledge critically
to analyze the main forms of international and transnational criminality, identifying the most
appropriate legal instruments and counter-strategies for different contexts. They will be
able to interpret and assess the criminal law responses adopted, linking theoretical
aspects to practical cases and developing sound legal reasoning and problem-solving
skills consistent with the fundamental principles of criminal law.
D3 - Autonomy of judgement:
The course adopts a seminar-based and highly interactive approach aimed at promoting
active participation and critical engagement. The analysis of case studies and judicial
decisions will be used to encourage both individual and collective reflection. By the end of
the course, students will be able to independently re-elaborate the acquired knowledge,
demonstrating the ability to critically assess the various aspects of the discipline and to
formulate well-founded and coherent legal judgments.
D4 - Communication skills
Upon completion of the course, students will have acquired proficiency in the technical and
legal language of criminal law, with particular reference to its international and
transnational dimensions. They will be able to present their knowledge and analyses
clearly and coherently, both in written and oral form, and to engage effectively in academic
discussion. The dialogical and participatory teaching approach will foster the development
of effective communication skills suitable for both academic and professional contexts.
D5 – Ability to learn:
The course aims to foster the development of a learning method based on critical
understanding of legal phenomena and autonomous elaboration of knowledge. By the end
of the course, students should be able to address complex issues of international and
transnational criminal law in a structured and informed manner, demonstrating the ability to
synthesize information, pursue continuous self-directed learning, and formulate logically
and legally sound solutions.

Learning objectives

D1
By the end of the course, students will have knowledge and understanding of the fundamental legal principles and provisions concerning the protection of personal data and cybersecurity in a perspective of legal informatics focusing on the relations between law and technology; autonomous ability to read the new European standards on data protection and platforms regulations; ability to understand the goals and technological motivations that led to their adoption; ability to understand the implementation rationale of the new regulatory framework. Students will also be able to identify privacy risks in different proposed scenarios, and to propose and evaluate solutions to mitigate such risks.
D2
Students will be able to critically reflect on the main issues arising in the field of data protection and cybersecurity in relation to the protection of rights, reviewing the concepts they have learnt, linking the various topics in order to make useful proposals for the solution of concrete cases, as well as understanding the social and ethical implications of their choices in applying them.
Students will also have developed the ability to search for literature, legislation and case law by consulting online archives and databases

D3
By the end of the course, students will be able to independently process the concepts acquired and develop critical thinking skills through the examination of key concepts related to data protection and cybersecurity
D4
At the end of the course, the students will have strengthened their knowledge of the language of legal informatics related to data protection and cybersecurity; in particular, they will have learned to express the knowledge acquired (according to D1 and D2) with appropriate vocabulary. By learning the language of legal informatics, students will be able to communicate content of specific importance in the legal field
D5
By the end of the course, students should have developed a method of reasoning suitable for dealing with the specific topics covered in the course and be able to update information independently and appropriately

Learning objectives

1. Knowledge and understanding
The course aims to provide students with knowledge and understanding of the tools used to promote administrative transparency.

2. Applying knowledge and understanding
By the end of the course, students should be able to:
- find a piece of legislation or regulation, or an administrative act, analyse it and interpret it by correctly identifying its rationale;
- find and analyse, including critically, a judicial decision of the administrative courts and other Italian courts, as well as the Court of Justice of the EU;

3. Independent judgement
At the end of the course, students should be able to analyse and reconstruct different and possibly alternative interpretations of a regulatory text or judicial decision.

4. Communication skills
At the end of the course, students should be able to illustrate the aspects referred to in point 1 above.

5. Learning skills
At the end of the course, students should be able to independently find and analyse legislation and case law guidelines on administrative law.

CHOICE GROUPS	YEAR/SEMESTER	CFU	SSD	LANGUAGE
UNA MATERIA A SCELTA TRA: DIRITTO E GOVERNANCE DI INTERNET, ECONOMIA AZIENDALE, DIRITTO DELL'INFORMAZIONE DIGITALE, ECONOMIA POLITICA E ISTITUZIONI ECONOMICHE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND AUTOMATED DECISION - MAKING, EU: ASYLUM LAW IMPLEMENTATION CHALLEGES, HUMAN MOBILITY AND THE EUROPEAN BORDER REGIME, GIUSTIZIA PENALE EUROPEA E INTERNAZIONALE, ORGANIZZAZIONE GIUDIZIARIA, DIRITTO DELLE RELIGIONI, CLINICA LEGALE SU MIGRAZIONE E ASILO- MALC, STORIA DELL'INTEGRAZIONE EUROPEA, SECURITY AND INDIVIDUAL LIBERTIES IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVEINTERNAZIONALE, PRISON LAW	-	6	-	-
17754 - CORPORATE ECONOMICS	Third Year / First Semester	6	ECON-06/A
121145 - DIGITAL INFORMATION LAW	-	3	-	-
121145_1 - DIGITAL INFORMATION LAW	Third Year / First Semester	3	GIUR-01/A
121145_2 - DIGITAL INFORMATION LAW	Third Year / First Semester	3	GIUR-01/A
121146 - POLITICAL ECONOMY AND ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS	Third Year / First Semester	6	ECON-04/A
121147 - ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND AUTOMATED DECISION - MAKING	Third Year / First Semester	6	GIUR-06/A
121148 - EU ASYLUM LAW: IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES	Third Year / First Semester	6	GIUR-06/A
121149 - HUMAN MOBILITY AND THE EUROPEAN BORDER REGIME	Third Year / First Semester	6	GIUR-10/A
121162 - EUROPEAN AND INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE	-	6	-	-
121162_1 - EUROPEAN AND INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE	Third Year / First Semester	2	GIUR-09/A
121162_2 - EUROPEAN AND INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE	Third Year / First Semester	2	GIUR-13/A
121162_3 - EUROPEAN AND INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE	Third Year / First Semester	2	GIUR-14/A
121136 - LEGAL CLINIC ON MIGRATION AND ASYLUM - MALC	-	6	-	-
121136_1 - LEGAL CLINIC ON MIGRATION AND ASYLUM - MALC	Third Year / First Semester	3	GIUR-10/A
121136_2 - LEGAL CLINIC ON MIGRATION AND ASYLUM - MALC	Third Year / First Semester	3	GIUR-09/A
121137 - HISTORY OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION	Third Year / First Semester	6	HIST-03/A
121138 - SECURITY AND INDIVIDUAL LIBERTIES IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE	Third Year / First Semester	6	GIUR-05/A
121625 - INTERNET LAW AND GOVERNANCE	-	6	-	-
121625_1 - INTERNET LAW AND GOVERNANCE	Third Year / First Semester	3	GIUR-05/A
121625_2 - INTERNET LAW AND GOVERNANCE	Third Year / First Semester	3	GIUR-17/A
121674 - PRISON LAW	-	6	-	-
121674_1 - PRISON LAW	Third Year / First Semester	4	GIUR-13/A
121674_2 - PRISON LAW	Third Year / First Semester	2	GIUR-16/A
119670 - ORGANIZZAZIONE GIUDIZIARIA	Third Year / Second Semester	6	GIUR-13/A
119669 - DIRITTO DELLE RELIGIONI	Third Year / Second Semester	6	GIUR-07/A
NEW GROUP	-	6	-	-
121151 - ENTERPRISE COMPETITION AND MARKET	Fourth Year / First Semester	6	GIUR-02/A
121152 - CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND DIGITAL INVESTIGATIONS	Fourth Year / First Semester	6	GIUR-13/A
121153 - CRIMINAL LAW AND GLOBAL THREATS	Fourth Year / First Semester	6	GIUR-14/A
121155 - CYBERSECURITY AND DATA PROTECTION	Fourth Year / First Semester	6	GIUR-17/A
121154 - PUBLIC INFORMATION LAW	Fourth Year / First Semester	6	GIUR-06/A

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