General Info

SUBJECT	SEMESTER	CFU	SSD	LANGUAGE
18432 - BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PHARMACOLOGICALLY ACTIVE MOLECULES FRANCESCO BUONOCORE	First Semester	6	BIO/10		Learning objectives The course will be focused on the most innovative principles and experimental approaches regarding the production of proteins to be used in biotechnological approaches related to human health. The course will also extend the knowledge on aspects related to the relation between the structure and the biological activity of the pharmacologically active proteins. Particular emphasis will be paid on antimicrobial peptides and on the applications of antibodies in diagnosis and care. This knowledge will be applied in the biotechnology field. Communication skills and attitude to learn will be evaluated. The main objective to be reached are: 1. knowledge and understanding of general informations on bioactive molecules; 2. applying knowledge and understanding of the protein drugs production; 3. making judgements; 4. communication skills; 5. learning skills. This knowledge will be applied in the biotechnology field. Communication skills and attitude to learn will be evaluated. Teacher's Profile courseProgram Proteins used in the industrial sector with particular emphasis for the pharmaceutical scope. Production, purification and characterization of proteins used in biotechnology in different heterologous systems like bacteria, yeast, cell cultures, transgenic animals. Antibodies in diagnosis and as new drugs. Antimicrobial peptides with potential applications as antibiotics and antitumorals. The Phage Display approach to isolate new targets for drugs. Specific techniques used for the ingegnerization of proteins. Discussion of scientific papers related to specific themes of the course. Practical experiences. examMode At least two questions will be proposed on arguments related to the course. The main arguments are related to the production of pharmacologically active proteins in heterologous systems and on their biochemical characterization. books Main books: Watson J.D., Gilman M., Witkowski J., Zoller M. Recombinant DNA. 1992 Daan J. A. Crommelin, Robert D. Sindelar, Bernd Meibohm. Pharmaceutical Biotechnology: Fundamentals and Applications. Springer 2007 mode Lessons in the classroom with power point presentations, videos, animations. classRoomMode Attendance of lessons is not mandatory. However, the participation in person is recommended. bibliography New papers on the topics of the course
18434 - MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGIES SILVIA CROGNALE	First Semester	6	BIO/19		Learning objectives The course aims to prepare students with KNOWLEDGE of microbial processes applicable in industry and the environment. Providing the study of microorganisms IN APPLICATIONS aimed at improving the quality of life, reducing the impact of human activities on the environment and recovering degraded environments. The course will also allow the acquisition of techniques to be able to EVALUATE the progress and monitoring of microbial processes. Finally, the student will acquire the ability to COMMUNICATE the possible microbial applications of physiological phenomena with a technical terminology, thus LEARNING the possibility of exploiting microbial metabolism in the biotechnology field. Teacher's Profile courseProgram Microbial Metabolic diversity (photosynthesis, lithotrophy, anaerobic respiration, fermentation) and biogeochemical cycles (of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and iron). • Microbial biodiversity - non-cultivable microorganisms - metagenomics: concepts, experimental approaches - metagenomics and functional analysis. Genomic approaches to the study of microbial communities. Taxonomic identification of microbial isolates: metabolic profiles, molecular methods, structural characterization. Conservation of microbial isolates of biotechnological interest: microbial collections, cryopreservation, freeze-drying • Microbial consortia, models of interaction and communication. Symmetry and quorum sensing. Biofilm - useful models for pathological and industrial aspects. Method of cultivation of biofilm systems. Control and monitoring of microbial biofilms. The intestinal microbiota Probiotics, lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria. Microbial fuel Cell • Screening of bioactive molecules of microbial origin: bioprospecting strategies, traditional approaches, bioinformatics approaches. • Microbial development Kinetics of microbial growth. Kinetics of product formation. Kinetics of substrate consumption. The mass balance. Volumetric speed and specific reaction. Microbial growth. Yield of growth. Monod model. Main methods of determining biomass. Operating procedures for conducting a bioprocess. Batch, continuous, fed-batch fermentation. Advantages and limitations. • Microbial production of recombinant proteins. Synthesis of commercial products by recombinant microorganisms • Bioremediation of contaminated environments: soil and water pollutants, sources of pollution, fate of soil pollutants aerobic or anaerobic catabolism of organic pollutants. Natural attenuation Bioaugmentation, biostimulation, biopile, toxicity test. Acclimatization. Gene transfer. Outlines of the improvement of the degradative capacity of microorganisms, release and manipulation of genetically modified strains. examMode Lectures will be carried out on all the topics of the program. Some case studies will be presented. Practical exercises will be carried out for some sections of the program books Brock. Biologia dei microrganismi. Microbiologia generale, ambientale e industriale. Ediz. Mylab Barbieri, Bestetti , Galli Microbiologia ambientale ed elementi di ecologia microbica mode Lectures will be carried out on all the topics of the program. Some case studies will be presented. Practical exercises will be carried out for some sections of the program bibliography Supporting material given from the Docent
18437 - SPECTROSCOPIC AND COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR THE STUDY OF BIOMOLECULES	-	9	-	-	Learning objectives The module aims is to provide an overview of the methods and techniques which are used within modern molecular modeling to study molecular and biomolecular systems. The module of Computational Methods consists of both theoretical lectures and practical computer exercises. Learning achievements: KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: understand the principles of computational methods presented in the course. The student should be able to understand the potentialities and the use of computational methods for the study of biological systems. CAPACITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND COMPREHENSION: Understanding of the theoretical aspects of computational methods in order to choose the most suitable computational technique for studying the system of interest. AUTONOMY OF JUDGMENT: the student must be able to interpret the results obtained by molecular modeling calculation and discuss them logically. COMMUNICATIVE SKILLS: The student must have developed a good oral exposure capacity of the acquired concepts. LEARNING CAPACITY: The student must be able to describe the properties of the biomolecular systems by critically using the techniques discussed in the course. The module aims is to provide an overview of the methods and techniques which are used within modern molecular modeling to study molecular and biomolecular systems. The module of Computational Methods consists of both theoretical lectures and practical computer exercises. Learning achievements: KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: understand the principles of computational methods presented in the course. The student should be able to understand the potentialities and the use of computational methods for the study of biological systems. CAPACITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND COMPREHENSION: Understanding of the theoretical aspects of computational methods in order to choose the most suitable computational technique for studying the system of interest. AUTONOMY OF JUDGMENT: the student must be able to interpret the results obtained by molecular modeling calculation and discuss them logically. COMMUNICATIVE SKILLS: The student must have developed a good oral exposure capacity of the acquired concepts. LEARNING CAPACITY: The student must be able to describe the properties of the biomolecular systems by critically using the techniques discussed in the course.
MODULE II FERNANDO PORCELLI	First Semester	6	CHIM/02		Learning objectives The spectroscopic methods course is designed to provide basic knowledge of the experimental approaches of spectroscopy to the biological sciences. The program seeks to provide students with an understanding of UV, Fluorescence, CD and NMR spectroscopy. LEARNING OUTCOMES KNOWLEDGE AND CAPACITY OF COMPREHENSION: Basics of spectroscopy applied to the study of biological systems. CAPACITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND COMPREHENSION: Starting from the examples discussed during the course, students should be able to apply different theoretical-experimental approaches to solving problems and apply the different spectroscopic techniques. AUTONOMY OF JUDGMENT: Students should be able to understand and analyze experimental and computational data and discuss them logically. LEARNING CAPACITY: Students should be able to describe scientific issues applied to bio-molecular systems by critically using the methodologies and techniques discussed in the course. COMMUNICATIVE SKILLS: Students should be able to communicate scientific issues in the field of spectroscopy applied to biological systems. Teacher's Profile courseProgram Spectroscopic Methods Absorption spectroscopy: basic principles, spectroscopic analysis of biopolymers, absorption and conformation. Optical activity. Rotatory optical dispersion and circular dichroism: application to biological systems. Fluorescence spectroscopy: basic principles, fluorescence intensity, fluorophores, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) as spectroscopic ruler, fluorescence anisotropy. Case studies in fluorescence spectroscopy of biomolecules. NMR Spectroscopy: basic concepts, analysis of 1D NMR spectra. 2D and ND NMR spectroscopy: experiments and applications to solve protein structure and dynamics. Computational methods to determine 3D structure from NMR data. Introduction to NMR Metabolomics Computational Methods Introduction: molecular models, 3D representation of the molecules. Data Banks of molecular structures: Cambridge Structural Database, Protein Databank. Molecular Mechanics: force fields, potential energy of biological macromolecules, methods of energy minimization for the exploration of the potential energy surface. Molecular dynamics: temporal evolution of molecular models. Molecular dynamics simulation at constant pressure and temperature. Analysis of the trajectories for the calculation of structural and dynamic properties of macromolecular systems. Conformational analysis of biomacromolecules. Rational design of bioactive molecules by using computational methods. Molecular dynamics simulation of proteins, biological membranes, membrane proteins and nucleic acids. examMode A comprehensive, final oral exam will be given at the end of the course. Exam Dates are available online. During the final exam, the candidate will have to a) critically present a scientific work with one or more of the spectroscopic techniques discussed in the course. Furthermore, the candidate must demonstrate to: a) choose the most suitable spectroscopic technique to solve the problem of interest. b) design the experiment. c) analyze and critically discuss the results. During the exam, the committee will evaluate: the level of knowledge (non-sufficient, appropriate, precise and complete, complete and in-depth), the ability to apply theoretical concepts (errors in applying the concepts, fair, reasonable, well-established), the ability to evaluate interdisciplinary connections (sufficient, good, excellent) and to analyze and formulate judgments (satisfactory, good, outstanding). A preliminary exam will have (i) problems requiring numerical answers, (ii) short-answer questions, (iii) NMR spectra analysis books Lecture Notes Cantor and Schimmel: Biopysical Chemistry Parts I, II and III. W.H Freeman and Company, San Francisco CA. Freifelder, D., Physical Biochemistry, W.H Freeman and Company, New York. •T. E. Creighton, Proteins: Structures and Molecular Properties. W.H Freeman and Company, New York. J. Cavanagh,W.J. Fairbrother, A.G. PalmerIII, N.J. Skelton, Protein NMR Spectroscopy:Principles and Practice, Academic Press, inc. A. Leach Molecular Modelling: Principles and Applications. Prentice Hall; 2 Ed H. D. Höltje, W. Sippl, Didier Rognan, G. Folkers Molecular Modeling; Basic Principles and Applications. Wiley-VCH S. Pascarella, A. Paiardini Bioinformatica: Dalla sequenza alla struttura delle proteine. Zanichelli mode Frontal teaching and lab experiences. The teaching methodology includes classroom lectures, presentations (pptx) with graphic illustrations, photographs, and videos. Relationships will be explained on the blackboard and the various passages will be described classRoomMode Class attendance is not mandatory bibliography Lecture Notes Cantor and Schimmel: Biopysical Chemistry Parts I, II and III. W.H Freeman and Company, San Francisco CA. Freifelder, D., Physical Biochemistry, W.H Freeman and Company, New York. •T. E. Creighton, Proteins: Structures and Molecular Properties. W.H Freeman and Company, New York. J. Cavanagh,W.J. Fairbrother, A.G. PalmerIII, N.J. Skelton, Protein NMR Spectroscopy:Principles and Practice, Academic Press, inc. A. Leach Molecular Modelling: Principles and Applications. Prentice Hall; 2 Ed H. D. Höltje, W. Sippl, Didier Rognan, G. Folkers Molecular Modeling; Basic Principles and Applications. Wiley-VCH S. Pascarella, A. Paiardini Bioinformatica: Dalla sequenza alla struttura delle proteine. Zanichelli
MODULE II STEFANO BOROCCI	First Semester	3	CHIM/07		Learning objectives The module aims is to provide an overview of the methods and techniques which are used within modern molecular modeling to study molecular and biomolecular systems. The module of Computational Methods consists of both theoretical lectures and practical computer exercises. Learning achievements: KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: understand the principles of computational methods presented in the course. The student should be able to understand the potentialities and the use of computational methods for the study of biological systems. CAPACITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND COMPREHENSION: Understanding of the theoretical aspects of computational methods in order to choose the most suitable computational technique for studying the system of interest. AUTONOMY OF JUDGMENT: the student must be able to interpret the results obtained by molecular modeling calculation and discuss them logically. COMMUNICATIVE SKILLS: The student must have developed a good oral exposure capacity of the acquired concepts. LEARNING CAPACITY: The student must be able to describe the properties of the biomolecular systems by critically using the techniques discussed in the course. Teacher's Profile courseProgram Introduction: molecular models, 3D representation of the molecules. Data Banks of molecular structures: Cambridge Structural Database, Protein Databank. Molecular Mechanics: force fields, potential energy of biological macromolecules, methods of energy minimization for the exploration of the potential energy surface. Molecular dynamics: temporal evolution of molecular models. Molecular dynamics simulation at constant pressure and temperature. Analysis of the trajectories for the calculation of structural and dynamic properties of macromolecular systems. Conformational analysis of biomacromolecules. Rational design of bioactive molecules by using computational methods. Molecular dynamics simulation of proteins, biological membranes, membrane proteins and nucleic acids. examMode A preliminary exam will have (i) problems requiring numerical answers, (ii) short-answer questions. During the final exam (oral presentation) the candidate must a) to present in a critical manner a scientific work, from the literature, that uses a computational methods covered in the course. The scientific article could be chosen among those selected by the teacher in the shared folder of google drive starting from December. In addition, the candidate must demonstrate knowledge: a) choose the most suitable computational method to study the problem of interest. b) design the "computational experiment". c) analyze and critically discuss the results. A preliminary exam will have (i) problems requiring numerical answers, (ii) short-answer questions. books A. Leach Molecular Modelling: Principles and Applications. Prentice Hall; 2 Ed H. D. Höltje, W. Sippl, Didier Rognan, G. Folkers Molecular Modeling; Basic Principles and Applications. Wiley-VCH K. E. van Holde, W. C. Johnson, P. S. Ho Priciples of Physical Biochemistry. Prentice-Hall (2005) mode Class lessons: theoretical lectures and practical computer exercises classRoomMode Attendance in this course is not required bibliography A. Leach Molecular Modelling: Principles and Applications. Prentice Hall; 2 Ed H. D. Höltje, W. Sippl, Didier Rognan, G. Folkers Molecular Modeling; Basic Principles and Applications. Wiley-VCH K. E. van Holde, W. C. Johnson, P. S. Ho Priciples of Physical Biochemistry. Prentice-Hall (2005)
18438 - INDUSTRIAL CATALYSIS AND BIOCATALYSIS	-	6	-	-	Learning objectives The module aims to provide students with the theoretical and applicative bases of biocatalytic systems applied to various industrial sectors. A broad overview of biocatalyst-assisted processes with real commercial relevance is provided At the end of the course, the student will also acquire the following: 1) knowledge and understanding: at the end of the course and following the individual study commitment, the student will acquire a comprehensive overview of the impact of biocatalysis in the industrial sector concerning the production of consumer goods and fine chemicals 2) Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: at the end of the course and following the individual study commitment, the student reaches an adequate preparation which, together with the other more specific knowledge that he will acquire in the sequel, will allow him to apply the acquired knowledge to the possible implementation of biocatalytically-assisted phases in industrial processes. In particular, guidelines will be provided for selecting the catalyst, the possible immobilization method and the reactor configuration most suitable for the target application. Furthermore, he will have elements that allow him to make a targeted choice between possible alternative commercial formulations of a given enzyme based on the information provided by the manufacturer and scientific literature. 3) Making judgements: attendance of the course, together with individual study efforts, will enable the student to work with independent judgment also through critical consultation and comparison of teaching materials of various types and to analyze data related to production processes critically 4) Communication skills: at the end of the course attendance associated with an individual study commitment, the student will be able to communicate the acquired knowledge using appropriate terminology and will be able to interact positively and exchange information with peers. 5) Learning skills: the information also acquired by attending the course will allow the student to promote his self-updating by finding functional elements through the targeted consultation of information channels derived from scientific literature and accredited websites
MODULE II FELICE GRANDINETTI	First Semester	3	CHIM/03		Learning objectives This teaching aims to provide students with general concepts relating to the chemical aspects of catalysis and its applications in the biological and biotechnological fields. Starting from the fundamental aspects of chemical kinetics, a path will be developed which will ultimately enable the student to discuss the reaction mechanism of some processes of biotechnological interest, identifying their possible catalytic nature and critically discussing the various phases and possible industrial applications. Knowledge and understanding: acquisition by the student of specific contents relating to: i) general principles of chemical kinetics and catalysis; ii) identification of catalytic processes of biotechnological interest, with detailed description of the various phases; iii) placement of the systems studied in the more general context of catalysis and industrial biocatalysis. 2) Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: the student's ability to analyze, in the light of the knowledge acquired, the possible interest, even on a large scale, of a catalytic process, both natural and summary, critically examining the various phases and any application objectives. 3) Making judgments; the teaching will provide the student with the ability to work independently in judgment, also through critical consultation and comparison of teaching materials of various types. In any case, the ability of the individual to interact critically with the other components of a homogeneous class will be developed, stimulating in particular the interaction between the components of the same. 4) Communication skills: the student who attends the course will be continuously asked to illustrate, also through audiovisual techniques, the progress made in the study of the discipline and in the learning of the presented concepts. The teacher will also stimulate the discussion also through an exchange of opinions between the attending students, who will thus become an active part in the process of communication and elaboration of the individual. 5) Ability to learn (learning skills): it will be constantly stimulated also through the administration of tests and exercises to be performed autonomously, with the aim of restoring the results and comparing them with those obtained by students attending the same class. Class exercises and simulations of the final test will also be carried out. Teacher's Profile courseProgram Chemical kinetics: general concepts. The speed of chemical reactions: formulation and physical meaning. Factors that influence the speed of chemical reactions: concentration of reagents, temperature, catalysts. Effect of the concentration of the reactants on the reaction rate: kinetic equation, speed constant, reaction order. Determination of the kinetic equation in terms of reaction orders and speed constant. Reactions of the first and second order, zero-order reactions. Half-life. Relation between velocity constants and thermodynamic constants. Physical meaning of the velocity constant and its temperature dependence. The Arrhenius equation. Pre-exponential factor and activation energy. Reaction mechanisms: general concepts. Elementary stages and molecularity. Kinetic equations for the elementary stages. Reaction mechanisms and kinetic equations. Catalysis: general concepts. Catalysts and reaction rates. Examples of industrial, biological and environmental interest. Heterogeneous catalysis: nature of the catalyst, chemical and physical characterization, mode of action. Homogeneous catalysis: general concepts and examples. The mechanisms of homogeneous catalysis: covalent catalysis, acid-base catalysis, catalysis from metal ions, micellar catalysis. Catalysis in biological systems. Definition of enzyme catalysis. The concepts listed above will be explained and illustrated also through numerical exercises and graphic processing methods. Students are therefore advised to provide themselves with a calculator and what is necessary for the representation and processing of graphs (graph paper, ruler, stationery). examMode The exam involves the carrying out of a preliminary test in written form, lasting 1.5 hours, and an in case oral test, which serves to evaluate the overall knowledge acquired by the student. The test includes a series of questions with open or closed answers, and two numerical problems, to be solved also through the use of Excel or similar programs. Passing the test with a widely sufficient mark can exempt the student from taking the oral exam. books 1) AA, VV., General and Inorganic Chemistry, Edi-Ermes, Milan, Chapter 14, Chemical Kinetics; 2) Material prepared by the teacher in the form of notes and directly provided to the students. mode The course is delivered through lectures also based on the projection of slides and on the analytical illustration of numerical exercises carried out on the blackboard. classRoomMode Suggested but not demanded bibliography Scientific papers from the literature.
MODULE II ALESSANDRO D'ANNIBALE	First Semester	3	AGR/13		Learning objectives The module aims to provide students with the theoretical and applicative bases of biocatalytic systems applied to various industrial sectors. A broad overview of biocatalyst-assisted processes with real commercial relevance is provided At the end of the course, the student will also acquire the following: 1) knowledge and understanding: at the end of the course and following the individual study commitment, the student will acquire a comprehensive overview of the impact of biocatalysis in the industrial sector concerning the production of consumer goods and fine chemicals 2) Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: at the end of the course and following the individual study commitment, the student reaches an adequate preparation which, together with the other more specific knowledge that he will acquire in the sequel, will allow him to apply the acquired knowledge to the possible implementation of biocatalytically-assisted phases in industrial processes. In particular, guidelines will be provided for selecting the catalyst, the possible immobilization method and the reactor configuration most suitable for the target application. Furthermore, he will have elements that allow him to make a targeted choice between possible alternative commercial formulations of a given enzyme based on the information provided by the manufacturer and scientific literature. 3) Making judgements: attendance of the course, together with individual study efforts, will enable the student to work with independent judgment also through critical consultation and comparison of teaching materials of various types and to analyze data related to production processes critically 4) Communication skills: at the end of the course attendance associated with an individual study commitment, the student will be able to communicate the acquired knowledge using appropriate terminology and will be able to interact positively and exchange information with peers. 5) Learning skills: the information also acquired by attending the course will allow the student to promote his self-updating by finding functional elements through the targeted consultation of information channels derived from scientific literature and accredited websites Teacher's Profile courseProgram Industrial enzymology: Sources available for the extraction of enzymes (animal, plant and microbial sources); production and purification of enzymes on an industrial scale. Propulsive factors of biocatalysis in the industrial sector (emblematic case studies: phytase and glucose isomerase) - Market analysis of industrial enzymes and impact on various sectors - Economic considerations and the role of biocatalysis in the sustainability of industrial processes (process/product changes, environmental impact, energy consumption). Stability and stabilization of enzymes of industrial interest - Enzymatic immobilization - Carrier-dependent enzyme immobilization techniques - Conventional, mesoporous, and nano-material supports - Carrier-free immobilization techniques - Physico-chemical, kinetic and operational characteristics of immobilized enzyme preparations. Scaling-up of the immobilization process. Bioreactors with free and immobilized enzymes (reactor types and operational conditions). General issues related to the use of soluble and immobilized enzymes. Biocatalysis in aqueous systems and in organic solvents. Industrial application sectors of biocatalysis: Food industry (use of enzymes in the dairy, bakery, beverage production), textiles (biostone-washing, desizing, bioscouring), paper (bleach-boosting and deinking), tanning (use of hydrolases in the operations "a la riviere"), pharmaceutical (chiral synthones and pro-drug ), biofuels (enzymatic saccharification of first and second-generation matrices, enzymatic transesterification). Use of enzymatic additives in the detergent sector. Enzymes in personal care products and cosmetics. examMode Specific questions will be formulated to the student as verification means of the learning objectives: An oral exam will be carried out aimed at ascertaining the skills acquired from the module, of appropriate terminology in describing specific aspects related to the topics of the course and the critical capacity in linking them together. The calendar of appeals and registration for exams is done through the web University portal. books Articles, reviews on specific topics and teaching material made available through the Moodle platform - Andrés Illanes "Enzyme Biocatalysis. Principles and Application" Springer (2008) - A. Liese, K. Seelbach, C. Wandrey "Industrial Biotransformations" Wiley (2006). mode On-site lectures, ppt/Inkscape presentations schematic representations, photographs, virtual 3D objects, video, animations. Interactive exercises in the classroom classRoomMode Attendance of this module, although not mandatory, is highly recommended bibliography Articles, reviews on specific topics and teaching material made available through the Moodle platform
18430 - APPLIED OMICS SCIENCES ANNA MARIA TIMPERIO	Second Semester	6	BIO/11		Learning objectives TRAINING OBJECTIVES 1) Homics is a set of biomolecular disciplines that belongs to the life sciences and which is divided into different themes (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics). The main objective of the course is to enable the student to face the study of the main analytical techniques and instruments by deepening his knowledge of modern omic analyzes, essentially applied to a modern vision of early diagnosis. The student will be prepared to face the search for new diagnostic markers in clinical and non-clinical analyzes. At the end of the lectures, during the scheduled workshop (24h), students are given the opportunity to work individually on practical and practical topics. In this way, the student will acquire the ability to analyze the different protein expression starting from protein extracts and the possibility of applying modern analytical tools. b) EXPECTED LEARNING RESULTS: 1) Knowledge and understanding: Having acquired a good analytical ability in the field of omics and biotechnology 2) Knowledge and applied comprehension skills: Knowing how to integrate the knowledge acquired in the individual disciplines into an interdisciplinary knowledge necessary to face any complex problem in the biotechnology sector, in particular being able to apply the knowledge of mass spectrometry to the various applications related to biotechnology. 3) Autonomy of judgment Students will have to develop the ability to process complex and / or fragmentary information and to arrive at original and autonomous ideas and judgments capable of finding and critically selecting sources of bibliographic data, databases, and the scientific literature. The autonomy of judgment is developed through the critical study of scientific articles. 4) Communication skills: The student will be able to hold a critical public discussion on the topics covered in particular will be able to apply proteomics and metabolomics techniques for any scientific topic of interest .. Will be able to work in a team in the field of design and execution of experimental protocols as laboratory credits are foreseen. 5) Ability to learn: The student will have the ability to identify, apply and develop innovative techniques in the relevant field of work autonomously. Teacher's Profile courseProgram COURSE CONTENT - Definition of "omics" sciences Description of the program and of the modalities of the examination Safety rules to be adopted in scientific laboratories - Proteomics definition: expression and functional proteomics, proteomic analysis strategies. Native electrophoresis (BLUE-NATIVE gel), single and bi-dimensional (1D-GEL, 2D-GEL) Iso-electro-focusing (IEF) Reverse phase chromatography RP-HPLC - Applications of proteomics for the study of tumor cells and for early diagnosis for the presence of biomarkers (examples) - Laboratory 1 Protein extraction from material to be defined Determination of protein concentration (Brendford method) Use of the spectrophotometer - Laboratory 2 Mono-dimensional electrophoresis (1D-SDS-PAGE) Cutting bands from the gel and digestion in trypsin (Label Free) - Laboratory 3 Reverse phase HPLC: construction of a gradient Determination of slope and study of the chromatogram - Metabolomics definition: Sample preparation techniques for metabolome analysis. Chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods used to characterize metabolites that function as biomarkers Examples of metabolomics studies in clinical research: Application of metabolomics in the study of autism - Lipidomics defining major lipids and determining determination in mass spectrometry determination of the red cell membranes - Foodomic definition. determination of flavonoids, vitamins in foods - Laboratory 3 Extraction of metabolites according to the method of (Bligh & Dyer) - Mass Spectrometry: General Main sources, analyzers and detectors Analysis of proteins, peptides, metabolites, lipids in intact mass Tandem mass: meaning and purposes - Laboratory 4 Determination of the intact mass of a protein Determination of amino-acid sequence with mass spectrometry Determination of the main lipid classes Determination of flavonoids Statistics: Normalization and equalization, missing values. o Probability and null hypothesis o Descriptive statistics Programs and websites for the identification of proteins, metabolites and lipids. o Sequence database (MAVEN, SEQUEST, MASCOT, LIPID SEARCH, LIPID GATWAY, N and METABOANALYST) o Algorithms for the "de novo sequencing" software PEAKS. Complexity reduction: • Subcellular fractionation o Lysis of cells and homogenization of tissues o Separation of subcellular fractions o Proteomics, metabolomics and lipidomics of the membrane o Proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics of organelles and intracellular compartments Immunoprecipitation • Immunoprecipitation to reduce the complexity of a mass spectrometric sample • Functional Proteomics and Immunoprecipitation Systems biology • Protein networks and meta-analysis o Elements of graph topology o Construction of a protein network (non-directional graph). o Statistical validation of a protein network o Over-representation analysis o Hierarchical analysis of proteomic data (directional graphs). or Meta-analysis • Ontological classification and pathway o Gene ontology (GO) o Structure of GO o Types of annotations in GO o Browsing in ontologies: Quick GO and other GO browsers o Ontological classification and pathway: specific applications examMode The exam includes the presentation in ppt of a scientific study to which it is possible to apply a studied omic technique and an oral examination. The objective of the oral examination consists in verifying the level of knowledge and in-depth study of the topics of the course program and the reasoning ability developed by the student in dealing with issues related to molecular diagnostics. After the presentation of the ppt for 10 minutes, the student is presented with five questions by the teachers; and to obtain the sufficiency it is necessary to answer in an exhaustive manner at least three questions. Each question is assigned 6/30. The oral test could also be concluded at the third question, in case the commission verifies a serious deficiency on fundamental topics of the course. The overall evaluation is expressed in thirtieths (minimum grade 18). The evaluation of the ppt confers suitability / unsuitability for the oral examination. books Power point slides shown in class by the teacher will be provided in PDF format. The books or articles in magazines from which some specific topics are taken will be indicated by the teacher during the lesson. mode The course has lessons in the classroom on the topics of the program and with guided exercises in the laboratory. In particular, there will be a total of 48 hours (6 CFU) including 24 hours of frontal lessons and 24 hours of practical exercises. The lessons are held weekly in the classroom through the use of slides on power-point, navigation in real time of websites and related databases available online. For the laboratories, the students are divided into large groups based on the enrollments and each will work independently. classRoomMode class attendance is not mandatory bibliography https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15722218/; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3402235/
18431 - GENETIC TOXICOLOGY ROBERTA MESCHINI	Second Semester	6	BIO/18		Learning objectives LEARNING OBJECTIVES Genetic toxicology developed as a discipline independent of genetics with the aim of defining a solid program for the control of the spread of chemical, physical and biological mutagens in the environment. The discovery of an ever-increasing number of mutagenic substances already present or continuously introduced into the environment and the confirmation of the increasingly close correlation between processes of mutagenesis, carcinogenesis and hereditary genetic diseases, has led to the development of laboratory methodologies capable of identifying mutagenic substances and the development of monitoring systems to evaluate the onset of genetic effects in the human population. The course aims to acquire basic knowledge relating to the genotoxic and mutagenic action of chemical and physical agents and the cellular response to DNA damage. In a subsequent step, the theoretical and practical aspects of the main short-term mutagenesis tests will be presented. EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES 1. Knowledge and understanding: At the end of the course, students will have an in-depth knowledge of the basic principles of genetic toxicology such as the generation of mutations through the different mechanisms of formation of primary DNA lesions, consequent repair processes and final fixation of the mutation. Furthermore, they will have learned the main genotoxicity and mutagenicity tests and will have developed the ability to develop experimental protocols. 2. Applying knowledge and understanding: Students will be continuously encouraged to make use of the knowledge acquired during the course and during laboratory exercises in order to apply it to specific problems of the subject such as, for example, the genotoxic capacity of a chemical or physical agent as well as the potential application of the techniques learned. 3. Making judgements: The course will provide the student with the ability to work independently by providing appropriate types of teaching materials (lectures in the form of presentations, specific monographs, relevant scientific literature) and carrying out appropriate laboratory activities coordinated with the theoretical part of the course. 4. Communication skills: During the lessons it will be stimulated students' ability to think and discuss about the topics covered as well as the comparison of opinions to develop their communication skills. These skills will then be tested in the examination. 5. Learning skills: Students will be able to expose and develop scientific issues related to the course. The active involvement of students through oral classroom discussions and experiences in the laboratory practices, will develop that skill. Teacher's Profile courseProgram Program 1. Introduction to Genetic Toxicology. Origin and history of Genetic Toxicology. Structure and organization of genetic material. Definition and classification of mutations: Gene mutations: base substitutions, insertions, deletions; reversion and suppression; Phenotypic effect of gene mutations. Fluctuation and spontaneous mutation tests in bacteria. Chromosomal mutations: structural (chromosomal aberrations) and numerical (aneuploidy, polyploidy). 2. Spontaneous DNA alterations. Base incorporation errors during replication (mispairing, tautomerization) and "proof-reading" mechanism for error correction. Base deamination, spontaneous base loss and oxidative damage to DNA. Molecular mechanisms of base insertion and deletion. 3. Environmental factors that damage DNA. Physical mutagens: Ionizing electromagnetic radiation, corpuscular radiation. Non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation (UV-A, UV-B, UV-C). Direct and indirect action of ionizing radiation on DNA and mechanism of S-independent induction of chromosomal aberrations. Chemical mutagens: direct and indirect chemical agents (metabolic activation). S-dependent mechanism of chemical mutagens. 4. Defense systems and cellular responses to DNA damage. Antioxidant defense systems. Xenobiotic detoxification systems. DNA damage repair systems: photolyase, alkyltransferase, “nucleotide excision repair” (NER), “base excision repair (BER), “mismatch repair” (MMR), “SOS” repair, recombinational repair; double-strand break repair (HR and NHEJR); repair of single strand breaks (SSB). 5. Phenotypic effect of somatic and germline mutations. Mutation and cancer (activation of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes); Cellular mutation and aging; mutations and genetic diseases (Down syndrome, Klinefelter, Edwards, Xeroderma pigmentosum, Ataxia telangiectasia, Bloom syndrome etc.). 6. Tools for detecting mutagenic and genotoxic activity. In vitro mutagenesis assays: Gene mutation tests in bacteria (reversion test in Salmonella typhimurium or Ames test); Gene mutation test in mammalian cells (HPRT and TK loci); Cytogenetic tests in mammalian cells (chromosomal aberrations, SCE, micronuclei). In silico approaches. In vivo mutagenesis assays: Chromosome mutation testing in somatic cells (analysis of metaphase cells); Micronucleus test; Comet Test; Analysis of gene mutation in transgenic animals; Analysis of gene mutation in the «Pig-a» locus. 7. Application of genetic toxicology for monitoring human populations and the environment. Evaluation of biomarkers of exposure (determination of mutagens in metabolites or excretion products in blood, urine or other tissues; determination of protein or DNA adducts; Evaluation of biomarkers of effect: Cytogenetic changes (chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei, aneuploidy ) in peripheral blood lymphocytes and/or in cells of the oral mucosa; Evaluation of susceptibility biomarkers: Different reparative capacity in different individuals; Polymorphisms of metabolic enzymes. 8. Applications from biotechnology to genetic toxicology. 9. Assessment and regulation of mutagenic risk. Strategies for testing and predicting carcinogenic and genetic (somatic) effects following exposure to genotoxic agents; identification of “threshold” exposure values; Legislative aspects. 10. Case study examples of potential genotoxic and/or mutagenic potential. 11. Laboratory exercises: Gene mutation test in S. typhimurium (Ames test); Analysis of chromosomal aberrations and “Comet” test in mammalian cells in vitro. examMode Oral exam on the entire program of the course aimed at verifying the level of knowledge and the ability to connect the contents of the course. Passing the exam presupposes the awarding of a grade of not less than eighteen / thirty and entails the attribution of the corresponding university credits. In the evaluation of the test and in the attribution of the final grade, the following will be taken into account: the level of knowledge demonstrated (superficial, appropriate, precise and complete, complete and in-depth), the ability to apply theoretical concepts (errors in applying the concepts , fair, good, well-established), the ability of analysis, synthesis and interdisciplinary connections (sufficient, good, excellent), the ability to criticize and formulate judgments (sufficient, good, excellent), the skill of expression (lack of exposure, simple, clear and correct, safe and correct). In particular, the oral exam must ensure that students have acquired knowledge and skills in Genetic toxicology, consistent with the teaching program. books Migliore L. “Genomics and Environmental Mutagenesis”; Additional texts (available in the library): A.P. LI “Genetic Toxicology”; D.H. Phillips and S. Venitt “Environmental Mutagenesis”; R.H. Burdon “Genes and Environment”; classRoomMode class attendance is not mandatory but strongly recommended bibliography The reference bibliography will be provided by the teacher.
18436 - CHEMISTRY OF BIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES LORENZO BOTTA	Second Semester	6	CHIM/06		Learning objectives EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES The course introduces concepts and experimental approaches to the chemistry of bioactive substances by consolidating the principles gained under the organic chemistry course, focusing on biogenesis, synthesis, chemical structure and pharmacological properties of bioactive substances. In the first part of the course, the concept of the "pharmacophore theory" as a minimal structural unit characterized by a specific biological and clinical activity will be introduced. Bioactive substances, both of synthetic and natural origin, will be classified according to their main pharmacophores. The student will learn how to recognize the pharmacophore even in the context of complex molecular structures. In the second part of the course, critical tools will be provided to associate certain pharmacophores to specific pharmaceutical and pharmacological applications, with particular attention to the molecular action mechanism by which the bioactive substances act in the body. The student will be able to understand the natural origin of bioactive organic substances and their possible industrial applications by receiving specific training on the design, development and evaluation of new drugs. In addition, due to the knowledge of molecular action mechanisms, the student may associate the use of bioactive substances with specific nutraceutical, cosmeceutic and cosmetic products, including restrictions on the use of potentially toxic substances and the possibility of their use after functional and structural improvement. This knowledge will enable the student to deal with a professional career within the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and cosmeceutical industry. EXPECTED LEARNING RESULTS • Knowledge and understanding: Knowledge of the principles that define the minimum structural unit of an organic, natural or synthetic molecule, to have a certain biological activity (pharmacophore theory). Knowledge of the relationship between the type of pharmacophore present in an organic molecule and the pharmaceutical and pharmacological activity. Knowledge at a molecular-level of the action mechanism of the major families of bioactive substances, with particular attention to substances with antibiotic, antibacterial, antiviral and antitumor activity. Knowledge of the key steps for the design of a drug, and procedures for its clinical validation and use. Knowledge of the origin and distribution in nature of the main families of biologically active natural organic substances. • Applied knowledge and understanding: In addition to the knowledge gained through the bioactive substance chemistry study, students will be able to apply theoretical concepts acquired during the course in solving practical exercises based on the teacher's request to present possible schemes for the design of a drug, having the initial indication of the target of action at the molecular level and knowing the type of pathology against which the treatment therapy is to be developed. In this case, students will also have to apply their previous knowledge of chemistry and biology for complete resolution of the problem. • Making judgements: At the end of the course, the student will have acquired the necessary training for full autonomy of judgement on the possibility of using a certain organic substance of natural or synthetic origin for the therapy of a certain pathology. The student will then be able to link the acquired knowledge of biochemistry, molecular biology, enzymology, physiology and genetic to the design of a substance applicable in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and cosmeceutical fields. • Communication skills: students will be continuously and consistently invited to participate actively in the lesson in order to deepen the topic and to collect proposals for possible solutions in the case of complex pathological scenarios. In this activity, students will be asked to compare themselves in order to support their ideas. The teaching tool is aimed at growing communication skills and the ability to know how to work and confront each other in a group, all aimed at consolidating the concepts acquired. • Learning Skills: Students' learning abilities will be assessed during the course of the course through midterm tests that will allow for individual tracking of the state of knowledge maturation, highlighting the student's ability to give back. Teacher's Profile courseProgram General Section Definition of drug. Pharmacokinetics: absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination. Physico-chemical properties of the drug that influence each of these phases. Bioavailability and bioequivalence concepts. Cell membrane properties. Fatty acids: classification, properties and biological role. Pharmacodynamics. Receptor: definition and characteristics. Classification of receptors. Receptor site and its specificity. Allosteric and accessory sites. Ligand-receptor interaction: role of the chemical bond in the receptor interaction. Ionotropic receptors: structure and characteristics. Drug targets: Proteins, Enzymes, Receptors and Nucleic Acids: structure and function. Receptors and signal transduction. Receptor activation mechanisms: ionotropic; voltage-dependent and ligand-dependent; receptor activated by phosphorylation. G protein coupled receptors: structure and activation of the G protein cycle. Role of the α portion of the G protein. Effectors of the α portion and effects mediated by Gs, Gi, Gq. Structure and functional groups of the main endogenous ligands of ionotropic and metabotropics receptors: Gaba, Glycine, Aspartate, Glutamate, Acetylcholine, Adrenaline, Noradrenaline, Serotonin, Dopamine, Histamine. Protein kinase receptor. Transmembrane single strand GTPase receptor. The pharmacophore and the molecular outline of a drug. Concept of affinity and intrinsic activity. Definition of agonist, partial agonist, inverse agonist, antagonist. Cellular excitability. Mechanism of propagation of the impulse. Chemical synapses: structure, role of vesicles, mechanisms of synthesis and storage of the mediator, release of the mediator. The postsynaptic receptors. Mechanism of presynaptic reuptake of the mediator. Characteristics of the receptor site of the main neurotransmitters: Serotonin, Dopamine, Histamine, Acetylcholine, Noradrenaline. Drug-receptor interactions. Electronic interactions. Bonds involved in the drug-receptor complex: covalent bond, ionic bond, hydrogen bond, charge transfer complexes, Van der Waals forces and other interactions. Steric interactions: steric effects in the drug-receptor complex. Computational Chemistry: Molecular Modelling (conformational analysis, identification of the 3D pharmacophore), Docking, Virtual Screening, Homology Modelling, Pseudoreceptors, De novo drug design. Formulation and delivery of drugs: principles and use of specific carriers (liposomes, micelles, antibodies, lignin). Special Part Antibacterial agents: inhibitors of cell metabolism (Antimetabolites), inhibitors of plasma membrane synthesis, inhibitors of protein synthesis, inhibitors of nucleic acid transcription and replication. Antiviral agents: nucleic acids structure and properties, drugs against DNA and RNA viruses, antisense oligonucleotides, broad spectrum drugs, vaccines Antitumor agents: drugs that act on nucleic acids (intercalants, topoisomerase poisons, alkylating and metalizing agents, chain terminator), antisense therapy, drugs that act on enzymes (adrenergic antagonists, antimetabolites), drugs acting on structural proteins, antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates. examMode The exam takes place in the forms established by the University Didactic Regulations. A special report is drawn up, signed by the President and members of the commission and by the student examined. The mark is expressed in thirtieths. Passing the exam presupposes the awarding of a mark of not less than eighteen / thirty and entails the attribution of the corresponding university training credits. In the evaluation of the test and in the attribution of the final mark, account will be taken of: the level of knowledge of the contents shown (superficial, appropriate, precise and complete, complete and thorough), the ability to apply the theoretical concepts (errors in applying the concepts , discreet, good, well established), the ability to analyze, synthesize and interdisciplinary connections (sufficient, good, excellent), the ability to make critical sense and formulate judgments (sufficient, good, excellent), mastery of expression (poor, simple, clear and correct, safe and correct exposure). In particular, the questions will have as objective the verification of the learning objectives: Knowledge of the pharmacophore theory, ability to apply the pharmacophore theory to the case of synthetic or natural organic substances, ability to outline a strategy for the preparation of a drug that has a certain pharmacological activity, knowledge of the mechanisms of action at the molecular level and of the potential toxicity of organic molecules on the basis of their distinctive structural elements. books Chimica farmaceutica di Patrick L. Graham Chimica farmaceutica di Alberto Gasco, Fulvio Gualtieri, Carlo Melchiorre mode Classroom lectures supported by case studies related to the contents of the lesson. For frontal diary activities, 6 CFU are scheduled. The final exam is an oral test. The final test concerns the latest edition of the program of the course. The questions are designed to verify the knowledge and the connection between the course contents and can refer to industrial application cases studied in the classroom. The final mark corresponds to the assessment of the knowledge of the contents and the ability of the candidate to connect different topics of the program together. classRoomMode Attendance at the course, although highly recommended, is optional bibliography Chimica farmaceutica di Patrick L. Graham Chimica farmaceutica di Alberto Gasco, Fulvio Gualtieri, Carlo Melchiorre
18447 - ENGLISH LANGUAGE B2 SONIA MARIA MELCHIORRE	Second Semester	4	L-LIN/12		Learning objectives This dynamic course goes beyond the basics, delving into the nuances of English writing that set it apart from Italian. Students will learn the techniques to craft compelling documents and concise essays directly relevant to your field of study, giving them a tangible advantage in their academic pursuits. While focusing primarily on honing their reading and writing skills, the interconnectedness of language must be acknowledged. Therefore, listening and speaking are also woven into the learning experience. This immersive approach allows students to absorb the language naturally, addressing grammar and phonology, ensuring a practical and engaging learning experience. The final goal is the achievement of level B2 of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR), adopted by the Council of Europe by means of which the student: * Can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics, including technical discussions in his / her field of specialisation. * Can interact with a certain fluency and spontaneity that make natural interaction with native speakers possible without effort for the interlocutor. * Can produce clear and detailed text on a wide range of topics and explain a point of view on a topic providing the pros and cons of the various options. A core focus of the course is understanding the power of text and context. Through insightful text analysis, you'll learn to identify the precise vocabulary, appropriate register, and effective outlining techniques needed for compelling essay writing. While exploring diverse topics, special emphasis will be given to scientific texts. To further develop listening comprehension skills, access to targeted audio resources will be guaranteed. Valuable presentation skills will be acquired by students. Each lesson will provide an opportunity for students to prepare and deliver presentations on topics of their own choice using diverse tools and modalities, boosting their confidence and fluency in spoken English. This dynamic approach ensures students to develop all necessary skills to communicate effectively in academic and professional settings. Teacher's Profile
18448 - STAGE	Second Semester	3
MODULE II	-	-	-	-
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF MICROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES SIMONA PICCHIETTI	First Semester	6	BIO/05		Learning objectives LEARNING OBJECTIVES The course aims to provide an advanced understanding of the main microscopy techniques and their potential applications in biological fields and applied biomedical research. EXPECTED RESULTS KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING ABILITY: By the end of the course, students are expected to demonstrate proficiency in microscopy techniques and their applications in biology and biomedicine. APPLIED KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING ABILITY: With the knowledge acquired, students will be capable of utilizing and optimizing microscopic methods to address specific biotechnological challenges. JUDGMENT AUTONOMY: Students will be able to analyze and interpret experimental results critically. COMMUNICATIVE SKILLS: Students will develop the ability to articulate scientific issues, methodological approaches, and findings in biotechnology using precise scientific terminology. LEARNING ABILITY: Students will be adept at independently acquiring knowledge of applied scientific topics and methodological approaches through the consultation of scientific literature. Teacher's Profile courseProgram Light microscopy: principles and applications. The cyto-histological techniques as a diagnostic method. Histochemical methods. Laser microdissection microscope: from its principle to applications in various research areas. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence: applications in the biological field and applied biomedical research. Antibodies and immunostaining. Fluorescence and fluorochromes. Fluorescent proteins. Fluorescence microscopy and Confocal laser scanning microscopy: guiding principles of specimen preservation. Two-photon Laser Scanning Microscopy. Super resolution microscopy. In situ hybridization: general principles and applications. The Transmission and Scanning electron microscopes. The value of the electron microscopy in diagnosis. SEM-EDS elemental microanalysis. The Environmental Scanning Electron microscope and its applications. Immunogold labelling and applications in the biomedical field. Microscopy for nanotechnology. Atomic Force Microscopy: applications in pharmaceutical research. Discussion of scientific papers. Description of the hands-on activities. Histological sample preparation for light microscopy: fixation, embedding, sectioning and staining. Examination of specimens under the light microscope. Immunohistochemical methods: the ABC immunoperoxidase technique. Sample preparation for fluorescence microscopy. Examination of specimens under the fluorescence microscope and confocal laser scanning microscope. Laser microdissection of biological samples. Sample processing for transmission electron microscopy (TEM): fixation, dehydration, resin embedding, thin sectioning, positive staining. Negative staining of biological samples. TEM analysis. The immunogold labelling: sample processing. The scanning electron microscope and SEM-EDS elemental microanalysis: processing and examination of samples. The hands-on activities will be carried out at the Zoology and CGA laboratories. examMode Oral examination, consisting of questions related to theoretical and hands-on aspects. It will be taken into account several aspects in determining the final grade: the level of knowledge of the topics covered (sufficient, average, complete, in-depth); the ability to connect the acquired concepts (sufficient, good, excellent); the ability to analyze and the aspects of critical thinking (sufficient, good, excellent); the mastery of expression (exposure deficient, simple, clear and correct, confident and correct). books Scientific papers and slides of the lessons. https://www.unitus.it/it/unitus/Studenti/articolo/moodle mode On-site lectures, ppt presentations with schematic representations, photographs, animations and videos in English language. classRoomMode Two lessons per week. Attendance to hand-on activities (16 hours) is compulsory. bibliography https://www.unitus.it/it/unitus/Studenti/articolo/moodle Teacher's Profile courseProgram Light microscopy: principles and applications. The cyto-histological techniques as a diagnostic method. Histochemical methods. Laser microdissection microscope: from its principle to applications in various research areas. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence: applications in the biological field and applied biomedical research. Antibodies and immunostaining. Fluorescence and fluorochromes. Fluorescent proteins. Fluorescence microscopy and Confocal laser scanning microscopy: guiding principles of specimen preservation. Two-photon Laser Scanning Microscopy. Super resolution microscopy. In situ hybridization: general principles and applications. The Transmission and Scanning electron microscopes. The value of the electron microscopy in diagnosis. SEM-EDS elemental microanalysis. The Environmental Scanning Electron microscope and its applications. Immunogold labelling and applications in the biomedical field. Microscopy for nanotechnology. Atomic Force Microscopy: applications in pharmaceutical research. Discussion of scientific papers. Description of the hands-on activities. Histological sample preparation for light microscopy: fixation, embedding, sectioning and staining. Examination of specimens under the light microscope. Immunohistochemical methods: the ABC immunoperoxidase technique. Sample preparation for fluorescence microscopy. Examination of specimens under the fluorescence microscope and confocal laser scanning microscope. Laser microdissection of biological samples. Sample processing for transmission electron microscopy (TEM): fixation, dehydration, resin embedding, thin sectioning, positive staining. Negative staining of biological samples. TEM analysis. The immunogold labelling: sample processing. The scanning electron microscope and SEM-EDS elemental microanalysis: processing and examination of samples. The hands-on activities will be carried out at the Zoology and CGA laboratories. examMode Oral examination, consisting of questions related to theoretical and hands-on aspects. It will be taken into account several aspects in determining the final grade: the level of knowledge of the topics covered (sufficient, average, complete, in-depth); the ability to connect the acquired concepts (sufficient, good, excellent); the ability to analyze and the aspects of critical thinking (sufficient, good, excellent); the mastery of expression (exposure deficient, simple, clear and correct, confident and correct). books Scientific papers and slides of the lessons. https://www.unitus.it/it/unitus/Studenti/articolo/moodle mode On-site lectures, ppt presentations with schematic representations, photographs, animations and videos in English language. classRoomMode Two lessons per week. Attendance to hand-on activities (16 hours) is compulsory. bibliography https://www.unitus.it/it/unitus/Studenti/articolo/moodle

SUBJECT	SEMESTER	CFU	SSD	LANGUAGE
MODULE II	-	-	-	-
SUSTAINABLE BIOREFINERIES AND BIOTECHNOLOGIES MAURIZIO PETRUCCIOLI	Second Semester	6	BIO/19		Learning objectives A) OBJECTIVES The aim is to provide students with the knowledge on the concept of bio-refinery and the impact that it will have in the development of industrial biotechnology. Besides the identification of criteria on which is based the development of bio-refineries will be analyzed several examples of production of fine-chemicals, biomolecules and enzymes through the recovery and purification from natural matrices or by fermentation. B) EXPECTED LEARNING RESULTS 1) Knowledge and understanding will be acquired by the student in relation to: i) eco-compatible biotechnology for the protection of the environment, also in view of the recovery of biomolecules of potential health interest, as in the case of bioraffinerie ; (ii) environmentally friendly methods for the protection of the environment and for the exploitation of natural resources currently disposed of with waste or wastewater; (iii) biotechnological approaches designed to produce molecules of potential interest, for example in pharmacology, nutraceuticals and / or cosmetics; iv) ability to use English, particularly in technical and scientific contexts. 2) Applied knowledge and understanding will cover the ability to design and use microorganisms for biotechnological purposes in the treatment of residual waste and wastewater with the aim of obtaining high added value products and defining research design in the field of industrial and pharmaceutical biotechnology. 3) Making judgements; the teaching will provide the student with the ability to work autonomously, in particular through the critical consultation of various types of teaching materials (such as scientific publications in English, position papers, etc.) and the carrying out of laboratory activities and teaching visits. 4) For communication skills, the student who attends the teaching will be able to present biotechnologies related to microbial biotechnology and bio-refineries, with the help of appropriate audiovisual techniques and critically. This ability will also be achieved thanks to the extensive use of power point presentations in the classroom and to the dialogue and exchange of views between the students and the teacher both during frontal lessons and during laboratory activities and didactic excursions. 5) Learning skills would be acquired through autonomous learning of application issues addressed in teaching and during laboratory exercises. Teacher's Profile courseProgram - The concept of Bio-refinery and reasons that will address the exploitation of waste, by-products, wastes and effluents from different sectors, particularly the food industry. Context in which the bio-refineries are important: the so-called Green Economy and Circular Economy. - Environmental contamination, sources of pollution and treatment opportunities and simultaneous valorisation of waste, effluent and by-products: aerobic treatment of waste water (activated sludge systems, tricking filters, rotating discs, etc.; plant dysfunctions; removal of nitrates and phosphates; treatment of residual sludge); anaerobic treatment of wastewater and solid residues (biochemistry; microorganisms involved; biodigestors; biogas). - Emerging contaminants (e.g. antibiotics) and antibiotic resistance genes: possible technological solutions. - Guidelines in the choice of strategies aimed at the recovery of renewable resources and the production of molecules at medium- and high-added value. - Production of soil/fertilizer, plant growth promoting and biocontrol agents from waste: composting and control of odor emissions (biofiltration). - Production of bioadsorbenti, energy and biofuels from waste: pyrolysis, gasification, microbial fermentations. - Recovery of fine-chemicals and bioactive molecules (antioxidants, multifunctional food ingredients, etc.). - Microbial production of microbial biomass, bio-molecules and enzymes. Laboratory activities will be conducted on methods of quantification of the pollutant rate of wastes (BOD, COD, etc.) and observation of active sludge. A didactic visit will take place at a biorefinery company. examMode The opportunity to carry out an in itinere test will be assessed with the students. If it will take place about halfway through the semester, it consists of a questionnaire with open answers. Those who have taken the test in itinere and accept the positive result, will take the final oral exam on topics other than those covered by the on-going test. In this case, the oral consists of 2-3 questions of which, generally, 1-2 on biorefineries and 1-2 on sustainable biotechnologies. If the in itinere test is not carried out or if the outcome is not accepted, the oral exam consists of 3-5 questions of which, generally, 1 on laboratory exercises, 2-3 on biorefineries and 1-2 on biotechnologies sustainable. In particular situations or peculiarities of one or more candidates, the exam can be done in written form with five open-ended questions, evaluated as for the oral exam. Candidates will be given one and a half hours to respond. The attribution of the final grade will take into account: the level of knowledge of the contents (superficial, appropriate, precise and complete, complete and in-depth), the ability to apply the theoretical concepts (discrete, good, well established), the ability to analyze , of synthesis and interdisciplinary connections (sufficient, good, excellent), of the critical abilities and of formulating judgments (sufficient, good, excellent), of the mastery of expression and use of scientific-technical language (lacking, simple, clear and correct, safe and correct). books Suggested texts: P. BARBIERI, G. BESTETTI, E. GALLI, D. ZANNONI, Microbiologia ambientale ed elementi di ecologia microbica, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Milano, 2008. B. BIAVATI, C. SORLINI, Microbiologia agroambientale, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Milano, 2008. M.T. MADIGAN, J.M. MARTINKO, Biologia dei microrganismi, Vol. 2A: Microbiologia ambientale e industriale, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Milano, 2007. Beppe Croce, Stefano Ciafani e Luca Lazzeri. Bioeconomia - La chimica verde e la rinascita di un'eccellenza italiana. Casa editrice "Edizioni Ambiente srl" 2015; ISBN 978-88-6627-143-7 Notes and material provided by the teacher mode Lectures, lab exercises and educational excursions will be held. During the theoretical lessons teacher will use power point presentations that will be made available to students in advance. Teacher will work in a cordial atmosphere with dialogue and exchange of opinions between the students and the teacher. This will be even more favored during laboratory exercises both during lectures and during laboratory activities and educational excursions. If of interest of the students, an ongoing test will be scheduled to promote the frequency associated with the study. classRoomMode Attendance is optional but recommended, also for planning two plant visits and laboratory activities. In any case, in addition to the teaching material on Moodle, all suggestions and support will be given to those who cannot attend. bibliography Beppe Croce, Stefano Ciafani e Luca Lazzeri. Bioeconomia - La chimica verde e la rinascita di un'eccellenza italiana. Casa editrice "Edizioni Ambiente srl" 2015; ISBN 978-88-6627-143-7 Petruccioli M., Raviv M., Silvestro R.D., Dinelli G. (2011). Agriculture and agro-industrial wastes, by-products and wastewaters: origin, characteristics and potential in biobased-compounds production. In: Comprehensive Biotechnology. Vol 6: Environmental Biotechnology and Safety. Ed. Murray Moo-Young. Elsevier Inc. NL pp. 531–545. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-08-088504-9.00389-5.Scientific papers, reviews and Position Papers may also be made available for integrating the study
FUNCTIONAL FOODS LARA COSTANTINI	Second Semester	6	MED/49		Learning objectives The aim of the course is to provide students with the information needed to understand the theoretical / practical bases of food science and, in particular, the evolution that this subject has undergone over the years. In fact it no longer deals only with satisfying the nutritional needs of the individual but tends to be a means for the prevention and treatment of some diseases. This course then will be about classic and modern diet, the last one characterized by more knowledge about nutrients and genome/epigenome interactions, pointing out that part concerning the novel foods and the functional foods. Students will have to learn the meaning of functional foods and novel foods coming out, that meet nutritional and environmental requirements, as well as learn which criteria and which technological and sustainable approaches to use to improve food quality. Finally, the course aims to provide the basis for further in-depth studies in the field of foods and their effect on the human organism. Expected learning outcomes Knowledge and understanding: To have developed the knowledge of food nutrients and bioactive molecules and the principles of classic food science as well as some dietary principles. Furthermore, the relationship between diet and health should be clear in order to bring this knowledge into the process of food transformation and improvement. Have communication skills in the field of Food Science Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: the student should be able to use the knowledge acquired to work in the food industry and in particular in the field of functional and health foods. Making judgments: Being able to recognize and improve the quality of food and to identify new ingredients for the development of food with high health properties. Communication skills: The students' ability to interact and reason on the topics addressed during the lessons and discuss the questions raised during the lessons will be stimulated. Learning skills: Being able to discuss scientific topics concerning food science also in its bio-medical applications and its implications in the food industry. This skill will be developed and tested by involving students in oral discussions in the classroom. Teacher's Profile courseProgram Introduction to the course. - Methods for assessing energy needs and for detecting eating habits. - Assessment of nutritional status through the most common tools (theory and practice). - Nutritional surveillance, techniques for detecting food consumption. - Principles of dietetics: guidelines for a healthy diet, Reference Intake levels of nutrients and energy (LARN) for the Italian population, and portion evaluation. - Food composition databases, nutritional labels and nutritional claims. - Nutrition in different physiological conditions. -Dietary protocols for communities. - Description and evidence of traditional and non-traditional dietary patterns for physiological and pathological conditions. - Role of nutrition in prevention and dietary indications in non-communicable diseases. -Functional foods, novel foods and personalized diet: premise and definitions. -Added foods and their organic effect examMode The evaluation test includes an oral exam and will consist of a minimum of three questions aimed at ascertaining the student's preparation on the topics covered by the course program as well as on the scientific terminology acquired. The final judgment will be defined on the basis of the overall test starting from a sufficient grade of 18/30 and arriving at a maximum grade of 30/30. Honors will be awarded to the student who has demonstrated excellent mastery of the topics and the specific vocabulary of the subject. books material provided by the teacher in English. - Manuale di Nutrizione applicata, V edizione, Riccardi, Bacioni, Giacco, Rivellese. Idelson Gnocchi. - Nutrizione e dietologia, aspetti clinici dell'alimentazione. Gianfranco Liguri. Zanichelli. - Functional Food and Human Health. Vibha Rani, Umesh C.S.Yadav. Springer. classRoomMode class attendance is not mandatory but stronglu recommended bibliography material provided by the teacher in English - Manuale di Nutrizione applicata, V edizione, Riccardi, Bacioni, Giacco, Rivellese. Idelson Gnocchi. - Manuale ANDID di valutazione dello stato nutrizionale. Bedogni, Cecchetto. Collana ANDID. - Malattie e diete: dalla A alla Z. Pontiroli e Frigè. Società Editrice Universo. - Manuale di nutrizione clinica e scienze dietetiche applicate. Binetti, Marcelli, Biasi. Società Editrice Universo. - Dietetica e Nutrizione. Clinica e organizzazione. Terza edizione. Fatati, Amerio. Il pensiero scientifico editore. - Nutrizione e dietologia, aspetti clinici dell'alimentazione. Gianfranco Liguri. Zanichelli. - Functional Food and Human Health. Vibha Rani, Umesh C.S.Yadav. Springer. Teacher's Profile courseProgram Introduction to the course. - Methods for assessing energy needs and for detecting eating habits. - Assessment of nutritional status through the most common tools (theory and practice). - Nutritional surveillance, techniques for detecting food consumption. - Principles of dietetics: guidelines for a healthy diet, Reference Intake levels of nutrients and energy (LARN) for the Italian population, and portion evaluation. - Food composition databases, nutritional labels and nutritional claims. - Nutrition in different physiological conditions. -Dietary protocols for communities. - Description and evidence of traditional and non-traditional dietary patterns for physiological and pathological conditions. - Role of nutrition in prevention and dietary indications in non-communicable diseases. -Functional foods, novel foods and personalized diet: premise and definitions. -Added foods and their organic effect examMode The evaluation test includes an oral exam and will consist of a minimum of three questions aimed at ascertaining the student's preparation on the topics covered by the course program as well as on the scientific terminology acquired. The final judgment will be defined on the basis of the overall test starting from a sufficient grade of 18/30 and arriving at a maximum grade of 30/30. Honors will be awarded to the student who has demonstrated excellent mastery of the topics and the specific vocabulary of the subject. books material provided by the teacher in English. - Manuale di Nutrizione applicata, V edizione, Riccardi, Bacioni, Giacco, Rivellese. Idelson Gnocchi. - Nutrizione e dietologia, aspetti clinici dell'alimentazione. Gianfranco Liguri. Zanichelli. - Functional Food and Human Health. Vibha Rani, Umesh C.S.Yadav. Springer. classRoomMode class attendance is not mandatory but stronglu recommended bibliography material provided by the teacher in English - Manuale di Nutrizione applicata, V edizione, Riccardi, Bacioni, Giacco, Rivellese. Idelson Gnocchi. - Manuale ANDID di valutazione dello stato nutrizionale. Bedogni, Cecchetto. Collana ANDID. - Malattie e diete: dalla A alla Z. Pontiroli e Frigè. Società Editrice Universo. - Manuale di nutrizione clinica e scienze dietetiche applicate. Binetti, Marcelli, Biasi. Società Editrice Universo. - Dietetica e Nutrizione. Clinica e organizzazione. Terza edizione. Fatati, Amerio. Il pensiero scientifico editore. - Nutrizione e dietologia, aspetti clinici dell'alimentazione. Gianfranco Liguri. Zanichelli. - Functional Food and Human Health. Vibha Rani, Umesh C.S.Yadav. Springer.
PHARMACOGENETICS FRANCESCA CIPRESSA	Second Semester	6	BIO/18		Learning objectives GOALS The course is aimed at providing students with the basic notions for the understanding of genetic and molecular bases of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics, disciplines that aim to identify genes and gene variants that cause the inter-individual variability in drugs response. EXPECTED RESULTS 1) Knowledge of the genetic basis of drug-organism interaction (at molecular and cellular levels) that determines the efficacy or toxicity of drug treatment and the role of interindividual genetic variability (primarily genetic polymorphisms) in determining the variability of drug response; 2) Being able to apply the knowledge developed in point 1 to understand specific cases; 3) Being able to express conceps with appropriate scientific terminology Teacher's Profile courseProgram Molecular dysfunctions and therapeutic targets. Genetics of cancer cells: the clonal origin of tumour. Genetic defects that interfere with genome stability, DNA repair and cell cycle regulation. Introduction to pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics. Human genome sequencing and inter-individual variability. Individual variability in response to drug therapy (efficacy and tolerability). Genes that influence drug response: protein coding genes involved in drug bioavailability (pharmacokinetics) and drug therapeutic target (pharmacodynamics). Allelic variants in humans. Polymorphisms in enzymes responsible for drug metabolism. Polymorphisms/mutations in drug therapeutic target encoding genes. Polygenic complexity and modulators of drugs action. Predictive medicine and personalized therapy. Tumor genomes sequencing and selection of tumor inhibitors. Identification of biological targets with diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic value. examMode The oral exam will be a frontal discussion in the classroom in order to verify the knowledge of mechanisms underlying interindividual genetic variability and its role in determining differential response to drugs. In addition, it will be assessed the ability to use appropriate scientific terminology and to apply theoretical concepts to specific cases. books It is not available a single reference book. The topics are part of scientific articles and the following books: - Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Patrick) of Edises - The pharmacological basis of therapy (Goodman & Gilman) - Principles of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Edited by Russ B. Altman, Stanford University, California, David Flockhart, Indiana University, David B. Goldstein, Duke University, North Carolina, Cambridge University Press. In addition, the teacher can provide specific scientific articles and reviews. mode The oral exam will be a frontal discussion in the classroom classRoomMode class attendance is not mandatory bibliography It is not available a single reference book. The topics are part of scientific articles and the following books: - Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Patrick) of Edises - The pharmacological basis of therapy (Goodman & Gilman) - Principles of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Edited by Russ B. Altman, Stanford University, California, David Flockhart, Indiana University, David B. Goldstein, Duke University, North Carolina, Cambridge University Press. In addition, the teacher can provide specific scientific articles and reviews. Teacher's Profile courseProgram Molecular dysfunctions and therapeutic targets. Genetics of cancer cells: the clonal origin of tumour. Genetic defects that interfere with genome stability, DNA repair and cell cycle regulation. Introduction to pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics. Human genome sequencing and inter-individual variability. Individual variability in response to drug therapy (efficacy and tolerability). Genes that influence drug response: protein coding genes involved in drug bioavailability (pharmacokinetics) and drug therapeutic target (pharmacodynamics). Allelic variants in humans. Polymorphisms in enzymes responsible for drug metabolism. Polymorphisms/mutations in drug therapeutic target encoding genes. Polygenic complexity and modulators of drugs action. Predictive medicine and personalized therapy. Tumor genomes sequencing and selection of tumor inhibitors. Identification of biological targets with diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic value. examMode The oral exam will be a frontal discussion in the classroom in order to verify the knowledge of mechanisms underlying interindividual genetic variability and its role in determining differential response to drugs. In addition, it will be assessed the ability to use appropriate scientific terminology and to apply theoretical concepts to specific cases. books It is not available a single reference book. The topics are part of scientific articles and the following books: - Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Patrick) of Edises - The pharmacological basis of therapy (Goodman & Gilman) - Principles of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Edited by Russ B. Altman, Stanford University, California, David Flockhart, Indiana University, David B. Goldstein, Duke University, North Carolina, Cambridge University Press. In addition, the teacher can provide specific scientific articles and reviews. mode The oral exam will be a frontal discussion in the classroom classRoomMode class attendance is not mandatory bibliography It is not available a single reference book. The topics are part of scientific articles and the following books: - Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Patrick) of Edises - The pharmacological basis of therapy (Goodman & Gilman) - Principles of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Edited by Russ B. Altman, Stanford University, California, David Flockhart, Indiana University, David B. Goldstein, Duke University, North Carolina, Cambridge University Press. In addition, the teacher can provide specific scientific articles and reviews.
18446 - FREE EXAM	First Semester	12
MODULE II	-	-	-	-
BIOTECHNOLOGY OF ANIMAL MOLECULES GIANLUCA POLGAR	Second Semester	6	BIO/05		Learning objectives Knowledge, understanding and independent judgment skills of basic and applied subjects pertaining cellular and molecular biology techniques applied to animal biotechnologies. Development of learning, critical, and communication skills based on specialized scientific publications. Teacher's Profile courseProgram - Introduction to the biotechnology of animal molecules - Introduction to animal biodiversity - Porifera: zoological and eco-evolutionary notes, biotechnological applications - Chelicerata, Araneae: zoological and eco-evolutionary notes, biotechnological applications - Annelida: zoological and eco-evolutionary notes, biotechnological applications - Tunicata: zoological and eco-evolutionary notes, biotechnological applications examMode The examination consists of an oral assessment, lasting 30–45 minutes, in which the candidate will demonstrate having acquired and comprehended the subject matter of the course. The final evaluation will consider the candidate’s knowledge, comprehension abilities, and judgment regarding both fundamental and applied topics. Particular emphasis will be placed on the demonstrated ability to critically assimilate and communicate knowledge derived from reading the scientific publications addressed during the course or independently reviewed. books • Biotechnology, fifth edition. Smith. Cambridge Press. ISBN: 9780521884945 • Recombinant DNA, second edition. Gilman, Witkowski, Zoller, Watson. Scientific American Books. ISBN: 0716722828 • Animal Biotechnology 2, Emerging Breeding Technologies. Niemann, Wrenzycki. Springer. ISBN: 9783319923475 classRoomMode Not compulsory (optional teaching) bibliography Every lecture will have a literature cited section. Selected scientific papers will be discussed interactively.
BIOTECHNOLOGY OF PLANT MOLECULES ELISA OVIDI	Second Semester	6	BIO/01		Learning objectives The course aims to provide students with an in-depth knowledge of plant-derived molecules and their properties, as well as to understand the various applications of these molecules in the production of consumer goods and as active principles for pharmaceuticals. Additionally, the course will cover methodologies for the chemical and biological characterization of plant-derived molecules. Students will apply the acquired knowledge in designing experiments and procedures for studying plant molecules and their biological properties. The research results will be described by the students in a scientific report, enabling them to develop the ability to autonomously evaluate and judge the outcomes of the scientific experiments conducted in the course, thus enhancing their scientific communication skills. The aim will also be to promote an active learning environment that stimulates students' autonomy in scientific research. Teacher's Profile courseProgram Plants, their ecological role, and their traditional and economic uses. Conventional and modern biotechnologies. Atoms and molecules. The cell is a set of molecules. Plant tissues and plant organs. The biological cycle of plants. Plant metabolism and photosynthesis. Primary metabolites and their biosynthesis: nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, vitamins. Glucose, sucrose, starch, and cellulose: their use in consumer goods and pharmaceutical products. Vegetable oils, vitamins, and plant gums. Secondary metabolites. Classification of secondary metabolites and their biosynthesis: terpenes and terpenoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids. Biological activities of secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolites as essential chemical signals for species survival, in plant interaction with biotic and abiotic environments. Allelopathy and phytoalexins. Phytotherapy and herbal products. Plants as a source of bioactive molecules. Methodologies for extraction and purification of secondary metabolites. Chromatography and guided fractionation. Biological activity of plant molecules: biological assays on bacterial, plant, and animal cell models. Determination of antibacterial activity, cytotoxic and antiproliferative activities (MTT assay, cytofluorimetry, electrophoresis, western blotting, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy). Determination of antioxidant activity using colorimetric methods and cell-based assays. Plant-derived drugs. Food plants and anti-nutritional factors. Essential oils. In the laboratory: Research procedures in the field of plant molecules: the alternation and synergy of chemical and biological investigations. Sample preparation. Chemical investigations: chromatography methods. Biological investigations: identification and culture of the biological model and sample administration; evaluation of biological effects. Cytofluorimetry investigations. What a scientific publication is and how it is structured. Writing a paper based on the results obtained from laboratory experience. examMode The aim of the oral examination is to test the ability to learn the subject matter, the ability to reason about the topics covered in the course and the ability to expound. Questions concerning research methodologies and the writing of a scientific paper on the basis of laboratory experience will be an integral part of the examination. For the award of the final grade, the following will be taken into account: the level of content knowledge demonstrated (superficial, appropriate, precise and complete, complete and thorough), the ability to apply theoretical concepts, the ability to analyse, synthesise and make interdisciplinary connections (sufficient, good, excellent), the ability to make a critical sense and formulate judgements (sufficient, good, excellent), the mastery of expression (poor, simple, clear and correct, safe and correct). books Students will be provided with slides of the entire course and scientific articles from which to deduce the elements to take the exam. mode The Course will be conducted in a traditional mode with face-to-face lectures. Teaching will consist of face-to-face classroom lectures during which the lecturer will present the topics outlined in the Course programme (32 hours) and laboratory lectures (16 hours). classRoomMode Class attendance is optional. The lecturer would like students to attend, which is useful for improving their learning ability bibliography See textbooks
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF MICROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES SIMONA PICCHIETTI	Second Semester	6	BIO/05		Learning objectives LEARNING OBJECTIVES The course aims to provide an advanced understanding of the main microscopy techniques and their potential applications in biological fields and applied biomedical research. EXPECTED RESULTS KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING ABILITY: By the end of the course, students are expected to demonstrate proficiency in microscopy techniques and their applications in biology and biomedicine. APPLIED KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING ABILITY: With the knowledge acquired, students will be capable of utilizing and optimizing microscopic methods to address specific biotechnological challenges. JUDGMENT AUTONOMY: Students will be able to analyze and interpret experimental results critically. COMMUNICATIVE SKILLS: Students will develop the ability to articulate scientific issues, methodological approaches, and findings in biotechnology using precise scientific terminology. LEARNING ABILITY: Students will be adept at independently acquiring knowledge of applied scientific topics and methodological approaches through the consultation of scientific literature. Teacher's Profile courseProgram Light microscopy: principles and applications. The cyto-histological techniques as a diagnostic method. Histochemical methods. Laser microdissection microscope: from its principle to applications in various research areas. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence: applications in the biological field and applied biomedical research. Antibodies and immunostaining. Fluorescence and fluorochromes. Fluorescent proteins. Fluorescence microscopy and Confocal laser scanning microscopy: guiding principles of specimen preservation. Two-photon Laser Scanning Microscopy. Super resolution microscopy. In situ hybridization: general principles and applications. The Transmission and Scanning electron microscopes. The value of the electron microscopy in diagnosis. SEM-EDS elemental microanalysis. The Environmental Scanning Electron microscope and its applications. Immunogold labelling and applications in the biomedical field. Microscopy for nanotechnology. Atomic Force Microscopy: applications in pharmaceutical research. Discussion of scientific papers. Description of the hands-on activities. Histological sample preparation for light microscopy: fixation, embedding, sectioning and staining. Examination of specimens under the light microscope. Immunohistochemical methods: the ABC immunoperoxidase technique. Sample preparation for fluorescence microscopy. Examination of specimens under the fluorescence microscope and confocal laser scanning microscope. Laser microdissection of biological samples. Sample processing for transmission electron microscopy (TEM): fixation, dehydration, resin embedding, thin sectioning, positive staining. Negative staining of biological samples. TEM analysis. The immunogold labelling: sample processing. The scanning electron microscope and SEM-EDS elemental microanalysis: processing and examination of samples. The hands-on activities will be carried out at the Zoology and CGA laboratories. examMode Oral examination, consisting of questions related to theoretical and hands-on aspects. It will be taken into account several aspects in determining the final grade: the level of knowledge of the topics covered (sufficient, average, complete, in-depth); the ability to connect the acquired concepts (sufficient, good, excellent); the ability to analyze and the aspects of critical thinking (sufficient, good, excellent); the mastery of expression (exposure deficient, simple, clear and correct, confident and correct). books Scientific papers and slides of the lessons. https://www.unitus.it/it/unitus/Studenti/articolo/moodle mode On-site lectures, ppt presentations with schematic representations, photographs, animations and videos in English language. classRoomMode Two lessons per week. Attendance to hand-on activities (16 hours) is compulsory. bibliography https://www.unitus.it/it/unitus/Studenti/articolo/moodle
NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGY DAVIDE CERVIA	Second Semester	6	BIO/09		Learning objectives a) FORMATIVE OBJECTIVES Understanding the basic elements of the physiology and neurophysiology of feeding and, in particular, describing: the functional mechanisms of the gastrointestinal tract (oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, liver, intestines) including transport processes, motility, secretion, excretion, digestion and absorption; their control by central/peripheric nervous system and by autocrine, paracrine and endocrine components; the regulation of the metabolic processes associated with the ingestion of nutrients and the energy balance; the fundamental (neuro)physiological principles behind eating behavior. b) EXPECTED LEARNING RESULTS (Dublin Descriptors) KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING CAPACITY: To pass the exam, the student will have to demonstrate that she/he has gained a knowledge and ability to understand the issues related to the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract and its components and the (neuro)physiological processes of nutrients ingestion that will allow her/him to set the discussion of theoretical issues in logical and complete way. CAPACITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND COMPREHENSION: The student will have to demonstrate how to set up applicative problems in the field of Nutrition physiology. AUTONOMY OF JUDGEMENT: The student must have acquired such knowledge as to enable her/him to describe the mechanisms underlying the cell and body functions and to independently and reasonably evaluate possible different opinions on possible issues. COMMUNICATION SKILLS: At the end of the course, the student must have reached an appropriate organization of one's own thinking concerning the various subjects of the course, allowing her/him to expose the topics in an organic and appropriate scientific language. LEARNING CAPACITIES: The student must be able to examine and understand texts and scientific material, so that they can be used in daily contexts for the profession and for the research. Teacher's Profile courseProgram Functional anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract. Integrated response to food ingestion (motility, secretion, digestion, absorption, regulation): cephalic, oral and esophageal phase; gastric phase; phase of the small intestine; colon phase. Transport and metabolic functions of the liver. Metabolic control and regulation of energy metabolism. Eating behavior. examMode The student must demonstrate to have acquired the basic principles that regulate the functions and control of the processes of intake, transport, digestion and absorption of nutrients. The student will need to know the (neuro) physiological processes and the functioning and control mechanisms of the gastrointestinal system and the structures associated with it, as well as the metabolic processes related to the energy balance. The knowledge and mastery of the topics, the clarity of the exposition, the vision of the discipline and the correct use of the technical terminology will be considered as elements of evaluation (max 30, min 18). books -“Fisiologia, dalle molecole ai sistemi integrati”, Carbone, Cicirata, Aicardi (EdiSES) -“Fisiologia Umana, Fondamenti”, Autori vari (Edi-Ermes) -"Fisiologia", Berne & Levy (CEA) -"Fisiologia medica", Guyton & Hall (Edra) - however, other human Physiology texts can also be used as long as they are updated - useful as a compendium of nutritional/metabolic aspects: “Fisiologia e Nutrizione Umana”, Angela Andreoli (Società Editrice Esculapio) - “slides” of the lessons made available by the teacher in the website (as valuable tools describing the program) mode Frontal lessons classRoomMode There is no obligation to attend bibliography -“Fisiologia, dalle molecole ai sistemi integrati”, Carbone, Cicirata, Aicardi (EdiSES) -“Fisiologia Umana, Fondamenti”, Autori vari (Edi-Ermes) -"Fisiologia", Berne & Levy (CEA) -"Fisiologia medica", Guyton & Hall (Edra) - useful as a compendium of nutritional/metabolic aspects: “Fisiologia e Nutrizione Umana”, Angela Andreoli (Società Editrice Esculapio)
18449 - THESIS	Second Semester	32

Learning objectives

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
The course aims to provide an advanced understanding of the main microscopy techniques and
their potential applications in biological fields and applied biomedical research.
EXPECTED RESULTS
KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING ABILITY: By the end of the course, students are expected
to demonstrate proficiency in microscopy techniques and their applications in biology and
biomedicine.
APPLIED KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING ABILITY: With the knowledge acquired,
students will be capable of utilizing and optimizing microscopic methods to address specific
biotechnological challenges.
JUDGMENT AUTONOMY: Students will be able to analyze and interpret experimental results
critically.
COMMUNICATIVE SKILLS: Students will develop the ability to articulate scientific issues,
methodological approaches, and findings in biotechnology using precise scientific terminology.
LEARNING ABILITY: Students will be adept at independently acquiring knowledge of applied
scientific topics and methodological approaches through the consultation of scientific literature.

Teacher's Profile

courseProgram

Light microscopy: principles and applications. The cyto-histological techniques as a diagnostic method. Histochemical methods. Laser microdissection microscope: from its principle to applications in various research areas. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence: applications in the biological field and applied biomedical research. Antibodies and immunostaining. Fluorescence and fluorochromes. Fluorescent proteins. Fluorescence microscopy and Confocal laser scanning microscopy: guiding principles of specimen preservation. Two-photon Laser Scanning Microscopy. Super resolution microscopy. In situ hybridization: general principles and applications. The Transmission and Scanning electron microscopes. The value of the electron microscopy in diagnosis. SEM-EDS elemental microanalysis. The Environmental Scanning Electron microscope and its applications. Immunogold labelling and applications in the biomedical field. Microscopy for nanotechnology. Atomic Force Microscopy: applications in pharmaceutical research. Discussion of scientific papers.
Description of the hands-on activities.
Histological sample preparation for light microscopy: fixation, embedding, sectioning and staining. Examination of specimens under the light microscope. Immunohistochemical methods: the ABC immunoperoxidase technique. Sample preparation for fluorescence microscopy. Examination of specimens under the fluorescence microscope and confocal laser scanning microscope. Laser microdissection of biological samples. Sample processing for transmission electron microscopy (TEM): fixation, dehydration, resin embedding, thin sectioning, positive staining. Negative staining of biological samples. TEM analysis. The immunogold labelling: sample processing. The scanning electron microscope and SEM-EDS elemental microanalysis: processing and examination of samples. The hands-on activities will be carried out at the Zoology and CGA laboratories.

examMode

Oral examination, consisting of questions related to theoretical and hands-on aspects. It will be taken into account several aspects in determining the final grade: the level of knowledge of the topics covered (sufficient, average, complete, in-depth); the ability to connect the acquired concepts (sufficient, good, excellent); the ability to analyze and the aspects of critical thinking (sufficient, good, excellent); the mastery of expression (exposure deficient, simple, clear and correct, confident and correct).

books

Scientific papers and slides of the lessons.
https://www.unitus.it/it/unitus/Studenti/articolo/moodle

mode

On-site lectures, ppt presentations with schematic representations, photographs, animations and videos in English language.

classRoomMode

Two lessons per week. Attendance to hand-on activities (16 hours) is compulsory.

bibliography

https://www.unitus.it/it/unitus/Studenti/articolo/moodle

Teacher's Profile

courseProgram

examMode

books

Scientific papers and slides of the lessons.
https://www.unitus.it/it/unitus/Studenti/articolo/moodle

mode

On-site lectures, ppt presentations with schematic representations, photographs, animations and videos in English language.

classRoomMode

Two lessons per week. Attendance to hand-on activities (16 hours) is compulsory.

bibliography

https://www.unitus.it/it/unitus/Studenti/articolo/moodle

Learning objectives

A) OBJECTIVES
The aim is to provide students with the knowledge on the concept of bio-refinery and the impact that it will have in the development of industrial biotechnology. Besides the identification of criteria on which is based the development of bio-refineries will be analyzed several examples of production of fine-chemicals, biomolecules and enzymes through the recovery and purification from natural matrices or by fermentation.
B) EXPECTED LEARNING RESULTS
1) Knowledge and understanding will be acquired by the student in relation to: i) eco-compatible biotechnology for the protection of the environment, also in view of the recovery of biomolecules of potential health interest, as in the case of bioraffinerie ; (ii) environmentally friendly methods for the protection of the environment and for the exploitation of natural resources currently disposed of with waste or wastewater; (iii) biotechnological approaches designed to produce molecules of potential interest, for example in pharmacology, nutraceuticals and / or cosmetics; iv) ability to use English, particularly in technical and scientific contexts.
2) Applied knowledge and understanding will cover the ability to design and use microorganisms for biotechnological purposes in the treatment of residual waste and wastewater with the aim of obtaining high added value products and defining research design in the field of industrial and pharmaceutical biotechnology.
3) Making judgements; the teaching will provide the student with the ability to work autonomously, in particular through the critical consultation of various types of teaching materials (such as scientific publications in English, position papers, etc.) and the carrying out of laboratory activities and teaching visits.
4) For communication skills, the student who attends the teaching will be able to present biotechnologies related to microbial biotechnology and bio-refineries, with the help of appropriate audiovisual techniques and critically. This ability will also be achieved thanks to the extensive use of power point presentations in the classroom and to the dialogue and exchange of views between the students and the teacher both during frontal lessons and during laboratory activities and didactic excursions.
5) Learning skills would be acquired through autonomous learning of application issues addressed in teaching and during laboratory exercises.

Teacher's Profile

courseProgram

- The concept of Bio-refinery and reasons that will address the exploitation of waste, by-products, wastes and effluents from different sectors, particularly the food industry. Context in which the bio-refineries are important: the so-called Green Economy and Circular Economy.
- Environmental contamination, sources of pollution and treatment opportunities and simultaneous valorisation of waste, effluent and by-products: aerobic treatment of waste water (activated sludge systems, tricking filters, rotating discs, etc.; plant dysfunctions; removal of nitrates and phosphates; treatment of residual sludge); anaerobic treatment of wastewater and solid residues (biochemistry; microorganisms involved; biodigestors; biogas).
- Emerging contaminants (e.g. antibiotics) and antibiotic resistance genes: possible technological solutions.
- Guidelines in the choice of strategies aimed at the recovery of renewable resources and the production of molecules at medium- and high-added value.
- Production of soil/fertilizer, plant growth promoting and biocontrol agents from waste: composting and control of odor emissions (biofiltration).
- Production of bioadsorbenti, energy and biofuels from waste: pyrolysis, gasification, microbial fermentations.
- Recovery of fine-chemicals and bioactive molecules (antioxidants, multifunctional food ingredients, etc.).
- Microbial production of microbial biomass, bio-molecules and enzymes.
Laboratory activities will be conducted on methods of quantification of the pollutant rate of wastes (BOD, COD, etc.) and observation of active sludge.
A didactic visit will take place at a biorefinery company.

examMode

The opportunity to carry out an in itinere test will be assessed with the students. If it will take place about halfway through the semester, it consists of a questionnaire with open answers.
Those who have taken the test in itinere and accept the positive result, will take the final oral exam on topics other than those covered by the on-going test. In this case, the oral consists of 2-3 questions of which, generally, 1-2 on biorefineries and 1-2 on sustainable biotechnologies.
If the in itinere test is not carried out or if the outcome is not accepted, the oral exam consists of 3-5 questions of which, generally, 1 on laboratory exercises, 2-3 on biorefineries and 1-2 on biotechnologies sustainable. In particular situations or peculiarities of one or more candidates, the exam can be done in written form with five open-ended questions, evaluated as for the oral exam. Candidates will be given one and a half hours to respond.
The attribution of the final grade will take into account: the level of knowledge of the contents (superficial, appropriate, precise and complete, complete and in-depth), the ability to apply the theoretical concepts (discrete, good, well established), the ability to analyze , of synthesis and interdisciplinary connections (sufficient, good, excellent), of the critical abilities and of formulating judgments (sufficient, good, excellent), of the mastery of expression and use of scientific-technical language (lacking, simple, clear and correct, safe and correct).

books

Suggested texts:
P. BARBIERI, G. BESTETTI, E. GALLI, D. ZANNONI, Microbiologia ambientale ed elementi di ecologia microbica, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Milano, 2008.
B. BIAVATI, C. SORLINI, Microbiologia agroambientale, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Milano, 2008.
M.T. MADIGAN, J.M. MARTINKO, Biologia dei microrganismi, Vol. 2A: Microbiologia ambientale e industriale, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Milano, 2007.
Beppe Croce, Stefano Ciafani e Luca Lazzeri. Bioeconomia - La chimica verde e la rinascita di un'eccellenza italiana. Casa editrice "Edizioni Ambiente srl" 2015; ISBN 978-88-6627-143-7
Notes and material provided by the teacher

mode

Lectures, lab exercises and educational excursions will be held. During the theoretical lessons teacher will use power point presentations that will be made available to students in advance. Teacher will work in a cordial atmosphere with dialogue and exchange of opinions between the students and the teacher. This will be even more favored during laboratory exercises both during lectures and during laboratory activities and educational excursions. If of interest of the students, an ongoing test will be scheduled to promote the frequency associated with the study.

classRoomMode

Attendance is optional but recommended, also for planning two plant visits and laboratory activities.
In any case, in addition to the teaching material on Moodle, all suggestions and support will be given to those who cannot attend.

bibliography

Beppe Croce, Stefano Ciafani e Luca Lazzeri. Bioeconomia - La chimica verde e la rinascita di un'eccellenza italiana. Casa editrice "Edizioni Ambiente srl" 2015; ISBN 978-88-6627-143-7
Petruccioli M., Raviv M., Silvestro R.D., Dinelli G. (2011). Agriculture and agro-industrial wastes, by-products and wastewaters: origin, characteristics and potential in biobased-compounds production. In: Comprehensive Biotechnology. Vol 6: Environmental Biotechnology and Safety. Ed. Murray Moo-Young. Elsevier Inc. NL pp. 531–545. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-08-088504-9.00389-5.Scientific papers, reviews and Position Papers may also be made available for integrating the study

Learning objectives

The aim of the course is to provide students with the information needed to understand the theoretical / practical bases of food science and, in particular, the evolution that this subject has undergone over the years. In fact it no longer deals only with satisfying the nutritional needs of the individual but tends to be a means for the prevention and treatment of some diseases. This course then will be about classic and modern diet, the last one characterized by more knowledge about nutrients and genome/epigenome interactions, pointing out that part concerning the novel foods and the functional foods. Students will have to learn the meaning of functional foods and novel foods coming out, that meet nutritional and environmental requirements, as well as learn which criteria and which technological and sustainable approaches to use to improve food quality.
Finally, the course aims to provide the basis for further in-depth studies in the field of foods and their effect on the human organism.

Expected learning outcomes

Knowledge and understanding: To have developed the knowledge of food nutrients and bioactive molecules and the principles of classic food science as well as some dietary principles. Furthermore, the relationship between diet and health should be clear in order to bring this knowledge into the process of food transformation and improvement. Have communication skills in the field of Food Science
Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: the student should be able to use the knowledge acquired to work in the food industry and in particular in the field of functional and health foods.
Making judgments: Being able to recognize and improve the quality of food and to identify new ingredients for the development of food with high health properties.
Communication skills: The students' ability to interact and reason on the topics addressed during the lessons and discuss the questions raised during the lessons will be stimulated.
Learning skills: Being able to discuss scientific topics concerning food science also in its bio-medical applications and its implications in the food industry. This skill will be developed and tested by involving students in oral discussions in the classroom.

Teacher's Profile

courseProgram

Introduction to the course.
- Methods for assessing energy needs and for detecting eating habits.
- Assessment of nutritional status through the most common tools (theory and practice).
- Nutritional surveillance, techniques for detecting food consumption.
- Principles of dietetics: guidelines for a healthy diet, Reference Intake levels of nutrients and energy (LARN) for the Italian population, and portion evaluation.
- Food composition databases, nutritional labels and nutritional claims.
- Nutrition in different physiological conditions.
-Dietary protocols for communities.
- Description and evidence of traditional and non-traditional dietary patterns for physiological and pathological conditions.
- Role of nutrition in prevention and dietary indications in non-communicable diseases.
-Functional foods, novel foods and personalized diet: premise and definitions.
-Added foods and their organic effect

examMode

The evaluation test includes an oral exam and will consist of a minimum of three questions aimed at ascertaining the student's preparation on the topics covered by the course program as well as on the scientific terminology acquired. The final judgment will be defined on the basis of the overall test starting from a sufficient grade of 18/30 and arriving at a maximum grade of 30/30. Honors will be awarded to the student who has demonstrated excellent mastery of the topics and the specific vocabulary of the subject.

books

material provided by the teacher in English.
- Manuale di Nutrizione applicata, V edizione, Riccardi, Bacioni, Giacco, Rivellese. Idelson Gnocchi.
- Nutrizione e dietologia, aspetti clinici dell'alimentazione. Gianfranco Liguri. Zanichelli.
- Functional Food and Human Health. Vibha Rani, Umesh C.S.Yadav. Springer.

classRoomMode

class attendance is not mandatory but stronglu recommended

bibliography

material provided by the teacher in English
- Manuale di Nutrizione applicata, V edizione, Riccardi, Bacioni, Giacco, Rivellese. Idelson Gnocchi.
- Manuale ANDID di valutazione dello stato nutrizionale. Bedogni, Cecchetto. Collana ANDID.
- Malattie e diete: dalla A alla Z. Pontiroli e Frigè. Società Editrice Universo.
- Manuale di nutrizione clinica e scienze dietetiche applicate. Binetti, Marcelli, Biasi. Società Editrice Universo.
- Dietetica e Nutrizione. Clinica e organizzazione. Terza edizione. Fatati, Amerio. Il pensiero scientifico editore.
- Nutrizione e dietologia, aspetti clinici dell'alimentazione. Gianfranco Liguri. Zanichelli.
- Functional Food and Human Health. Vibha Rani, Umesh C.S.Yadav. Springer.

Teacher's Profile

courseProgram

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books

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class attendance is not mandatory but stronglu recommended

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Learning objectives

GOALS
The course is aimed at providing students with the basic notions for the understanding of genetic and molecular bases of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics, disciplines that aim to identify genes and gene variants that cause the inter-individual variability in drugs response.

EXPECTED RESULTS
1) Knowledge of the genetic basis of drug-organism interaction (at molecular and cellular levels) that determines the efficacy or toxicity of drug treatment and the role of interindividual genetic variability (primarily genetic polymorphisms) in determining the variability of drug response;
2) Being able to apply the knowledge developed in point 1 to understand specific cases;
3) Being able to express conceps with appropriate scientific terminology

Teacher's Profile

courseProgram

Molecular dysfunctions and therapeutic targets.
Genetics of cancer cells: the clonal origin of tumour.
Genetic defects that interfere with genome stability, DNA repair and cell cycle regulation.
Introduction to pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics.
Human genome sequencing and inter-individual variability.
Individual variability in response to drug therapy (efficacy and tolerability).
Genes that influence drug response: protein coding genes involved in drug bioavailability (pharmacokinetics) and drug therapeutic target (pharmacodynamics).
Allelic variants in humans.
Polymorphisms in enzymes responsible for drug metabolism.
Polymorphisms/mutations in drug therapeutic target encoding genes.
Polygenic complexity and modulators of drugs action.
Predictive medicine and personalized therapy.
Tumor genomes sequencing and selection of tumor inhibitors.
Identification of biological targets with diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic value.

examMode

The oral exam will be a frontal discussion in the classroom in order to verify the knowledge of mechanisms underlying interindividual genetic variability and its role in determining differential response to drugs. In addition, it will be assessed the ability to use appropriate scientific terminology and to apply theoretical concepts to specific cases.

books

It is not available a single reference book. The topics are part of scientific articles and the following books:
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Patrick) of Edises
- The pharmacological basis of therapy (Goodman & Gilman)
- Principles of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Edited by Russ B. Altman, Stanford University, California, David Flockhart, Indiana University, David B. Goldstein, Duke University, North Carolina, Cambridge University Press.
In addition, the teacher can provide specific scientific articles and reviews.

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The oral exam will be a frontal discussion in the classroom

classRoomMode

class attendance is not mandatory

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Teacher's Profile

courseProgram

examMode

books

mode

The oral exam will be a frontal discussion in the classroom

classRoomMode

class attendance is not mandatory

bibliography

Learning objectives

Knowledge, understanding and independent judgment skills of basic and applied subjects pertaining cellular and molecular biology techniques applied to animal biotechnologies.
Development of learning, critical, and communication skills based on specialized scientific publications.

Teacher's Profile

courseProgram

- Introduction to the biotechnology of animal molecules
- Introduction to animal biodiversity
- Porifera: zoological and eco-evolutionary notes, biotechnological applications
- Chelicerata, Araneae: zoological and eco-evolutionary notes, biotechnological applications
- Annelida: zoological and eco-evolutionary notes, biotechnological applications
- Tunicata: zoological and eco-evolutionary notes, biotechnological applications

examMode

The examination consists of an oral assessment, lasting 30–45 minutes, in which the candidate will demonstrate having acquired and comprehended the subject matter of the course. The final evaluation will consider the candidate’s knowledge, comprehension abilities, and judgment regarding both fundamental and applied topics. Particular emphasis will be placed on the demonstrated ability to critically assimilate and communicate knowledge derived from reading the scientific publications addressed during the course or independently reviewed.

books

• Biotechnology, fifth edition. Smith. Cambridge Press. ISBN: 9780521884945
• Recombinant DNA, second edition. Gilman, Witkowski, Zoller, Watson. Scientific American Books. ISBN: 0716722828
• Animal Biotechnology 2, Emerging Breeding Technologies. Niemann, Wrenzycki. Springer. ISBN: 9783319923475

classRoomMode

Not compulsory (optional teaching)

bibliography

Every lecture will have a literature cited section. Selected scientific papers will be discussed interactively.

Learning objectives

The course aims to provide students with an in-depth knowledge of plant-derived molecules and their properties, as well as to understand the various applications of these molecules in the production of consumer goods and as active principles for pharmaceuticals. Additionally, the course will cover methodologies for the chemical and biological characterization of plant-derived molecules. Students will apply the acquired knowledge in designing experiments and procedures for studying plant molecules and their biological properties. The research results will be described by the students in a scientific report, enabling them to develop the ability to autonomously evaluate and judge the outcomes of the scientific experiments conducted in the course, thus enhancing their scientific communication skills.
The aim will also be to promote an active learning environment that stimulates students' autonomy in scientific research.

Teacher's Profile

courseProgram

Plants, their ecological role, and their traditional and economic uses. Conventional and modern biotechnologies. Atoms and molecules. The cell is a set of molecules. Plant tissues and plant organs. The biological cycle of plants. Plant metabolism and photosynthesis.
Primary metabolites and their biosynthesis: nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, vitamins. Glucose, sucrose, starch, and cellulose: their use in consumer goods and pharmaceutical products. Vegetable oils, vitamins, and plant gums.
Secondary metabolites. Classification of secondary metabolites and their biosynthesis: terpenes and terpenoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids. Biological activities of secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolites as essential chemical signals for species survival, in plant interaction with biotic and abiotic environments. Allelopathy and phytoalexins.
Phytotherapy and herbal products. Plants as a source of bioactive molecules. Methodologies for extraction and purification of secondary metabolites. Chromatography and guided fractionation. Biological activity of plant molecules: biological assays on bacterial, plant, and animal cell models. Determination of antibacterial activity, cytotoxic and antiproliferative activities (MTT assay, cytofluorimetry, electrophoresis, western blotting, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy). Determination of antioxidant activity using colorimetric methods and cell-based assays.
Plant-derived drugs. Food plants and anti-nutritional factors. Essential oils.
In the laboratory: Research procedures in the field of plant molecules: the alternation and synergy of chemical and biological investigations. Sample preparation. Chemical investigations: chromatography methods. Biological investigations: identification and culture of the biological model and sample administration; evaluation of biological effects. Cytofluorimetry investigations.
What a scientific publication is and how it is structured. Writing a paper based on the results obtained from laboratory experience.

examMode

The aim of the oral examination is to test the ability to learn the subject matter, the ability to reason about the topics covered in the course and the ability to expound. Questions concerning research methodologies and the writing of a scientific paper on the basis of laboratory experience will be an integral part of the examination. For the award of the final grade, the following will be taken into account: the level of content knowledge demonstrated (superficial, appropriate, precise and complete, complete and thorough), the ability to apply theoretical concepts, the ability to analyse, synthesise and make interdisciplinary connections (sufficient, good, excellent), the ability to make a critical sense and formulate judgements (sufficient, good, excellent), the mastery of expression (poor, simple, clear and correct, safe and correct).

books

Students will be provided with slides of the entire course and scientific articles from which to deduce the elements to take the exam.

mode

The Course will be conducted in a traditional mode with face-to-face lectures. Teaching will consist of face-to-face classroom lectures during which the lecturer will present the topics outlined in the Course programme (32 hours) and laboratory lectures (16 hours).

classRoomMode

Class attendance is optional. The lecturer would like students to attend, which is useful for improving their learning ability

bibliography

See textbooks

Learning objectives

Teacher's Profile

courseProgram

examMode

books

Scientific papers and slides of the lessons.
https://www.unitus.it/it/unitus/Studenti/articolo/moodle

mode

On-site lectures, ppt presentations with schematic representations, photographs, animations and videos in English language.

classRoomMode

Two lessons per week. Attendance to hand-on activities (16 hours) is compulsory.

bibliography

https://www.unitus.it/it/unitus/Studenti/articolo/moodle

Learning objectives

a) FORMATIVE OBJECTIVES
Understanding the basic elements of the physiology and neurophysiology of feeding and, in particular, describing: the functional mechanisms of the gastrointestinal tract (oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, liver, intestines) including transport processes, motility, secretion, excretion, digestion and absorption; their control by central/peripheric nervous system and by autocrine, paracrine and endocrine components; the regulation of the metabolic processes associated with the ingestion of nutrients and the energy balance; the fundamental (neuro)physiological principles behind eating behavior.

b) EXPECTED LEARNING RESULTS (Dublin Descriptors)
KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING CAPACITY: To pass the exam, the student will have to demonstrate that she/he has gained a knowledge and ability to understand the issues related to the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract and its components and the (neuro)physiological processes of nutrients ingestion that will allow her/him to set the discussion of theoretical issues in logical and complete way.
CAPACITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND COMPREHENSION: The student will have to demonstrate how to set up applicative problems in the field of Nutrition physiology.
AUTONOMY OF JUDGEMENT: The student must have acquired such knowledge as to enable her/him to describe the mechanisms underlying the cell and body functions and to independently and reasonably evaluate possible different opinions on possible issues.
COMMUNICATION SKILLS: At the end of the course, the student must have reached an appropriate organization of one's own thinking concerning the various subjects of the course, allowing her/him to expose the topics in an organic and appropriate scientific language.
LEARNING CAPACITIES: The student must be able to examine and understand texts and scientific material, so that they can be used in daily contexts for the profession and for the research.

Teacher's Profile

courseProgram

Functional anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract.
Integrated response to food ingestion (motility, secretion, digestion, absorption, regulation): cephalic, oral and esophageal phase; gastric phase; phase of the small intestine; colon phase.
Transport and metabolic functions of the liver.
Metabolic control and regulation of energy metabolism.
Eating behavior.

examMode

The student must demonstrate to have acquired the basic principles that regulate the functions and control of the processes of intake, transport, digestion and absorption of nutrients. The student will need to know the (neuro) physiological processes and the functioning and control mechanisms of the gastrointestinal system and the structures associated with it, as well as the metabolic processes related to the energy balance. The knowledge and mastery of the topics, the clarity of the exposition, the vision of the discipline and the correct use of the technical terminology will be considered as elements of evaluation (max 30, min 18).

books

-“Fisiologia, dalle molecole ai sistemi integrati”, Carbone, Cicirata, Aicardi (EdiSES)
-“Fisiologia Umana, Fondamenti”, Autori vari (Edi-Ermes)
-"Fisiologia", Berne & Levy (CEA)
-"Fisiologia medica", Guyton & Hall (Edra)
- however, other human Physiology texts can also be used as long as they are updated
- useful as a compendium of nutritional/metabolic aspects: “Fisiologia e Nutrizione Umana”, Angela Andreoli (Società Editrice Esculapio)
- “slides” of the lessons made available by the teacher in the website (as valuable tools describing the program)

mode

Frontal lessons

classRoomMode

There is no obligation to attend

bibliography

-“Fisiologia, dalle molecole ai sistemi integrati”, Carbone, Cicirata, Aicardi (EdiSES)
-“Fisiologia Umana, Fondamenti”, Autori vari (Edi-Ermes)
-"Fisiologia", Berne & Levy (CEA)
-"Fisiologia medica", Guyton & Hall (Edra)
- useful as a compendium of nutritional/metabolic aspects: “Fisiologia e Nutrizione Umana”, Angela Andreoli (Società Editrice Esculapio)

CHOICE GROUPS	YEAR/SEMESTER	CFU	SSD	LANGUAGE
MODULE II	-	18	-	-
18441 - INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF MICROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES SIMONA PICCHIETTI	First Year / Second Semester	6	BIO/05
MODULE II	-	18	-	-
18444 - SUSTAINABLE BIOREFINERIES AND BIOTECHNOLOGIES MAURIZIO PETRUCCIOLI	Second Year / First Semester	6	BIO/19
18445 - FUNCTIONAL FOODS LARA COSTANTINI	Second Year / First Semester	6	MED/49
18443 - PHARMACOGENETICS FRANCESCA CIPRESSA	Second Year / First Semester	6	BIO/18
18440 - BIOTECHNOLOGY OF ANIMAL MOLECULES GIANLUCA POLGAR	Second Year / Second Semester	6	BIO/05
18439 - BIOTECHNOLOGY OF PLANT MOLECULES ELISA OVIDI	Second Year / Second Semester	6	BIO/01
18441 - INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF MICROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES SIMONA PICCHIETTI	Second Year / Second Semester	6	BIO/05
118976 - NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGY DAVIDE CERVIA	Second Year / Second Semester	6	BIO/09

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