Mountain Sciences - General Info

SUBJECT	SEMESTER	CFU	SSD	LANGUAGE
18125 - MATHEMATIC	First Semester	6	MAT/05		Learning objectives LEARNING OBJECTIVES The objectives of the course are to provide students with the ability to use tools of mathematical analysis, algebra and geometry for understanding, designing and solving mathematical problems preparatory to the study of the subjects characterizing the course of studies of the degree in agricultural sciences and technologies (L-25). Attendance at lessons and exercises, although optional is strongly recommended. Knowledge and understanding The course aims to develop in students knowledge and understanding skills, such as: The aim of the course is to develop students' knowledge and understanding skills, such as: • Knowing and understanding mathematical functions and their use • Knowing and understanding the study of functions of one real variable • Knowing and understanding the operations between vectors and matrices Applied knowledge and understanding The course will allow students to apply knowledge and understanding, allowing for example to: • divide problems into general categories • map a linear or nonlinear dependence problem to the corresponding mathematical function and study its behavior • Analyze and solve a geometric problem through the corresponding algebraic formalism. Making judgements The course will allow students to develop autonomy of judgment at various levels, such as: • Understanding the behavior of a mathematical function on its domain range • Recognize from coordinates simple properties of vector pairs such as parallelism and orthogonality Communication skills Participating in the lessons and/or using the material made available independently will facilitate the development and application of communication skills, such as: • Provide solving schemes for simple analytical and algebraic problems • use appropriate and up-to-date technical vocabulary of mathematics Learning skills Participating in the lessons and/or independently using the material made available will facilitate the consolidation of one's learning skills, allowing for example to: • activate a program of continuous education updating of one's knowledge • Independently identify the ways to acquire information • identify and use the sources of information most useful to staff updating.
18127 - GENERAL BIOLOGY	First Semester	6	BIO/01		Learning objectives Knowledge and understanding Basic knowledge about plant structure and functioning as a result of evolution and environmental response. Understanding of the connections between cellular, histological and organ organization levels and the vegetative and reproductive differences among the main taxonomical groups of plants. Comprehension of the role of plants as producers in natural and artificial ecosystems. Applying knowledge and understanding The knowledge on plant structure and processes will give the scientific bases to develop quantitative laboratory or field methods for studying and monitoring plants and plant communities response to environmental changes. Making judgements Skills and knowledge acquired will provide the scientific bases to develop the ability of analyze the state of plants in relation to the environment and the impacts at the environmental or productive level. Communication skills The knowledge acquired will allow to communicate at the scientific or technical level on topics regarding plant biology, the role of plant in the biosphere, ecosystem response to climate change. Learning skills The scientific knowledge acquired will build the scientific bases for studying plant biology and accessing advanced studies on basic and applied plant biology.
18156 - INFORMATIC AND STATISTICS SKILLS	First Semester	6			Learning objectives 1. Knowledge and Understanding: Knowledge of Excel program to perform data analysis and to manage database-related information. Application of formulas and functions for data analysis. Application of software for using a spreadsheet and processing data. Functions, sorting data and creating graphs and tables. Events, and random variable; Population and statistical sample; Sampling procedures; Probability density distribution models of random variables and some sample statistics of random var.; Quantiles. Continuous variability, variance and mean; Null hypothesis and statistical test; Statistical tests within and between samples; Probability of simple events and compound events; Chi-square test; Normal distribution; Correlation and Regression; Experimental designs (Split-plot, RBD, Factorial); Analysis of Variance. Comparison of averages. 2. Application of Knowledge and Understanding: To provide the statistical basis for understanding and describing phenomena and to know how to design an experiment with its interpretation. Provide the student with the tools of a use of Office programs (Word, Excel, PowerPoint) for the purpose of their proper use in writing thesis or scientific paper, processing data and graphs representing them. 3. Ability to Judge: The ability to critically evaluate data and make informed decisions on appropriate analysis. Ability to present data clearly and rigorously. 4. Communication Skills: Proficiency in conveying concepts and findings, particularly those related to agriculture and forestry, to diverse audiences, including scientists, farmers, policy makers, and the public. 5. Learning Capacity: The ability to continuously acquire and integrate new knowledge.
120465 - .	-	8	-	-	Learning objectives The aim of the course is to provide: the basics of General and Inorganic Chemistry in order to introduce the student to the main topics in the study of Chemistry so that they are provided with the necessary basis to better deal with the topics present in specific courses in the following years: KNOWLEDGE AND COMPENSATION SKILLS: To know the characteristics of matter, through knowledge of: a) The atomic structure of matter, the subdivision of the elements in the Periodic Table b) The main chemical bonds that constitute the main molecules and the main compounds present in nature, the physical bonds present in the intermolecular interactions that determine the chemical-physical structure of matter in the three fundamental states: solid, liquid and gaseous, and the relative properties. Knowing the names, formulas and oxidation numbers of the main molecules and compounds. c) Solutions: general aspects such as concentrations and colligative properties. d) Chemical reactions through knowledge of the following aspects: formal (equilibrium), energetic (thermodynamic) and dynamic (kinetics or reaction rates). e) Reactions in solution: acid-base and oxidation-reduction. KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: The student will acquire skills from this knowledge that they will be able to apply to the main environmental issues, particularly in mountain environments. JUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE Ability to recognise in a more in-depth and professional manner the characteristics of the subject and the chemical-physical laws that regulate the transformation of the subject itself, in particular due to atmospheric agents, the soil and pollutants. COMMUNICATION SKILLS Adequate language skills and multidisciplinary communication skills specific to Chemistry. LEARNING ABILITY Develop an adequate and appropriate chemical language that allows for the adequate development of knowledge and skills in the study of matter and its transformations.
.	First Semester	4	CHIM/03		Learning objectives The aim of the course is to provide: the basics of General and Inorganic Chemistry in order to introduce the student to the main topics in the study of Chemistry so that they are provided with the necessary basis to better deal with the topics present in specific courses in the following years: KNOWLEDGE AND COMPENSATION SKILLS: To know the characteristics of matter, through knowledge of: a) The atomic structure of matter, the subdivision of the elements in the Periodic Table b) The main chemical bonds that constitute the main molecules and the main compounds present in nature, the physical bonds present in the intermolecular interactions that determine the chemical-physical structure of matter in the three fundamental states: solid, liquid and gaseous, and the relative properties. Knowing the names, formulas and oxidation numbers of the main molecules and compounds. c) Solutions: general aspects such as concentrations and colligative properties. d) Chemical reactions through knowledge of the following aspects: formal (equilibrium), energetic (thermodynamic) and dynamic (kinetics or reaction rates). e) Reactions in solution: acid-base and oxidation-reduction. KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: The student will acquire skills from this knowledge that they will be able to apply to the main environmental issues, particularly in mountain environments. JUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE Ability to recognise in a more in-depth and professional manner the characteristics of the subject and the chemical-physical laws that regulate the transformation of the subject itself, in particular due to atmospheric agents, the soil and pollutants. COMMUNICATION SKILLS Adequate language skills and multidisciplinary communication skills specific to Chemistry. LEARNING ABILITY Develop an adequate and appropriate chemical language that allows for the adequate development of knowledge and skills in the study of matter and its transformations.
.	First Semester	4	CHIM/06		Learning objectives Aim of the course is to provide the student with the basic knowledge of Organic Chemistry, through learning the main functional groups present in organic molecules and biomolecules, their reactivity and the relationships between structure and physical-chemical properties. Expected learning outcomes 1) Knowledge and understanding - Knowledge of the principal functional groups of organic molecules and biomolecules - Ability to deduce the chemical-physical properties of biomolecules based on the functional groups involved. 2) Applying knowledge and understanding - Ability to predict the reactivity and properties of organic molecules containing multiple functional groups - Apply the concepts to the most important biomolecular classes 3) Making Judgements - Critical evaluation of the properties of molecules with one or more functional groups - Ability to design the structure of organic molecules and biomolecules in order to obtain specific properties 4) Communication Skills - Appropriate language properties and multidisciplinary communication skills 5) Learning Skills - Ability to acquire more in-depth knowledge in the field of Organic Chemistry in its various and numerous aspects
120466 - .	First Semester	7	AGR/10
A SCELTA DELLO STUDENTE	-	-	-	-
ENGLISH LANGUAGE B2	First Semester	6
NIVOLOGIA E GLACIOLOGIA	First Semester	6	GEO/04		Learning objectives With the theorical and the practical preparation of the course and after the final exam, the student will be able to define the framework of the environmental context of the cryosphere (Glacier, snow and permafrost) in mountain areas, including features and potential risks, and to organize knowledge and data for eventual solutions and interventions. From the practical point ov view a special attention (with a deep programme of theoric and practical exercises) will be devoted to snow surveys and related methodologies and sinthetic outcomes, in particular, snow stratigraphy and snow on the ground profile. Fundamental priciples of geomorphology of mountain environment will be introduced, coupled to the study and recognising/survey, in the framework of global warming, of landforms and effects. In particular, applying knowledge and understanding, communication and learning skills will be verified.
EMERGENZE E SOCCORSO IN MONTAGNA	First Semester	6	MED/45
ZOOTECNIA E PRODOTTI TIPICI DELLE AREE MONTANE	First Semester	6	AGR/18
18169 - ENGLISH LANGUAGE	Second Semester	6	L-LIN/12		Learning objectives Overall teaching goals The course aims to enable students to read and understand effectively texts in English, such as short scientific and/or informative articles, book chapters, etc.. The secondary objective is to develop the ability to listen to short audio/video texts on the same topics. Moreover, the overall goals include: i. Stylistic and linguistic analysis of the text; ii. Vocabulary practice to build learners' knowledge of high-frequency words and phrases as well as common lexical sets, in order to prepare students to pass the final exam 1) knowledge and understanding Students must prove to have acquired knowledge and comprehension of language content at a level of competence equivalent to B1-B1+. 2) Use of knowledge and learning skills Students must prove to be able to use the knowledge and the learning skills developed during the course by passing the final exam. 3) Independent judgement Students will have to show that they are able to analyse the teaching material available in a critical and independent way, and to further practise the language with self-study activities, working independently. 4) Communication skills Even though the overall goals mainly focus on developing reading comprehension skills, during the course students will have to show that they have achieved a sufficient level of oral communication skills in English. 5) Learning abilities Students will have to demonstrate to have developed a range of study skills in the subject area (in terms of reading comprehension) equivalent to B1-B1+.
16974 - PLANT DIVERSITY	Second Semester	6	BIO/03		Learning objectives 1. Knowledge and Understanding: - Introduction to the course. Introduction to botany. Botany is the science that studies plant organisms. The study of plant diversity. -Concept of species, systematics and taxonomy. Classification methods. Artificial and natural classification systems. Analogy and homology. Taxonomic ranks. The species: morphological concept and biological concept. Phylogenetic classification. Nomenclature. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Main and secondary ranks. Subspecies, varieties and cultivars. Main rules of the code. Taxon of hybrid origin. Speciation in plants. Polyploid speciation. Apomixis or Agamospermia. Introgression. - Prokaryotes: Cyanobacteria: notes on cytology, motility, heterocysts. Biological nitrogen fixation. Systematics. Ecological and evolutionary importance. Cyanobacteria in mountain environments. - Autotrophic eukaryotic organisms (1st part). The first autotrophic thallophytes. Reproduction. Algae: microalgae and macroalgae (notes on general characteristics and ecology). Reproduction in algae. Freshwater algae. Algae and eutrophication. - Fungi: Distinctive characteristics, elements on morphology and reproduction. Main phyla (Zygomycota, Myxomycota, Chytridiomycota, Oomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota). Ecological importance. Yeasts. Lichens. Mycorrhizae. - Autotrophic eukaryotic organisms (1st part). The first autotrophic thallophytes. Emergence from water. Phylogenetic relationships between the main groups of terrestrial plants. The major stages of the evolution of plant organisms. Paleobotany. - Bryophytes: Musci, Hepaticae, Anthocerotae; bryophytes as bioindicators. - Autotrophic eukaryotic organisms (2nd part). Vascular plants without seeds or pteridophytes: general characteristics, diagnostic characteristics, reproduction, notes on systematics (and ecology): Lycophytes, Monilofites (Psilotopsida, Equisetopsida, Polypodiopsida with examples and observation of fresh material). - Vascular plants with seeds: Gymnosperms: notes on general diagnostic characteristics, systematics (and ecology). Angiosperms: general characteristics; diversity and notes on evolution; evolution of floral morphology; Inflorescences; the fruit; notes on systematics; Comparison between the subdivision into “classical” families (Cronquist system) and molecular (APG- Angiosperm Phylogeny Group). Main families of herbaceous plants of the Italian flora (according to APG), diagnostic characteristics and examples of genera and species (ecology and distribution). - basal angiosperms (Nymphaeaceae) - archaic angiosperms (Magnoliidae: Aristolochiaceae, Magnoliaceae). - Monocots: Alliaceae, Cyperaceae, Juncaceae, Liliaceae s.s., Iridaceae, Orchidaceae, Poaceae. - Eu-dicots: Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Boraginaceae, Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Ericaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Geraniaceae, Lamiaceae, Plantaginaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, Rubiaceae, Scrophulariaceae. Orobancaceae. - Identification of vascular plants. Identification keys and their use: the Flora of Italy (Pignatti), the Portal to the flora of Italy (Portal to the flora of Italy 2020.1). - Notes on the Italian vascular flora: native flora and allochthonous flora, notes on areas and biological forms. - Herbariums, the Herbarium of Tuscia. How to create a personal herbarium. 2. Applying Knowledge and Understanding: Acquisition of knowledge on plant diversity at the highest taxonomic levels. Correct use of scientific names of plant taxa. Use of species identification techniques. Acquisition of the ability to recognize in the field the most common families of angiosperms of the Italian flora. 3. Making Judgements: The ability to critically evaluate data and recognize plant species. 4. Communication Skills: Proficiency in conveying complex concepts and findings, particularly as they relate to plant species, to diverse audiences, including scientists, farmers, policymakers, and the public. 5. Learning Skills: The ability to continuously acquire and integrate new knowledge
18149 - GEOLOGY	Second Semester	6	GEO/02		Learning objectives The course has three main objectives: 1) to provide some fundamental elements of Earth Sciences aimed at understanding the evolution of the Earth's system and its dynamic character; 2) to provide basic notions for the interpretation and use of geological data available at national and regional level (for non-geological professionals); 3) highlight the multiple hazards and geological risk factors that characterise the national territory. Considering that the European INSPIRE (INfrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe) directive implemented in Italy with Legislative Decree 32/2010 has completely changed the management and distribution of territorial data and, in particular, geological data. The course also provides indications on how to use the geothematic data made available by standard OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) services of the leading national and regional geoportals, which have become the main (and often the only) source of information and acquisition of such data. 1) knowledge and understanding At the end of the training activity, the student will acquire knowledge of the primary dynamic processes affecting the terrestrial system and the hazard and risk factors associated with them and will be able to understand the terminology and symbols used in geological maps, as well as to have the basic knowledge necessary to acquire geological data from the leading national and regional geoportals 2) applying knowledge and understanding. At the end of the training activity, the student must demonstrate that he can perform a search for geothematic data (and in particular those relating to geological cartography) made available by the leading national and regional geoportals and use them to carry out a brief description of the physical characteristics of the territory with particular reference to its geological hazard factors and relative risk. 3) making judgements. Through the examples proposed during the lessons and the exercises, the student must be able to evaluate the quality of the geological data acquired or the limits related to their use in territorial studies. He must also be able to correctly cite the source of information obtained to clearly distinguish bibliographic data from his interpretations. 4) communication skills. The student must acquire a primary technical language related to the topics covered during the lessons and exercises to dialogue with professionals and experts engaged in environmental, territorial analysis, management, and design. Communication skills will be verified during the ongoing tests and the final exam. 5) learning skills The student will have to demonstrate that he possesses the essential notions to be able to carry out a general analysis of the geological data available (on a limited territorial area) and also to be able to acquire further knowledge. Then, data will be acquired for a more in-depth analysis of specific, variable aspects depending on the local characteristics and, therefore, also different from those treated in the examples considered during the course and exercises.
15133 - OPTIONAL SUBJECT	Second Semester	12

SUBJECT	SEMESTER	CFU	SSD	LANGUAGE
119252 - ECOLOGIA E CONSERVAZIONE DEGLI ECOSISTEMI MONTANI	First Semester	6	BIO/07		Learning objectives The course aims to provide an overview of the general principles of ecology and conservation biology, enabling students to gain an adequate understanding of conservation issues and the main management strategies that can be implemented to protect biodiversity, regarding especially the threats and pressures encountered in mountain ecosystems. The course will focus on integrating theory and practical examples to highlight the close synergy between these two aspects, as well as the need for any analysis of conservation issues and related solutions to be based on evidence with strategies that include adaptive management programs. Adequate importance will be given to regulatory aspects and environmental assessments. Knowledge and understanding Knowledge of the elements of ecology and conservation biology and the importance of strategies for conservation based on adaptive management. In particular, the principles of in situ and ex situ conservation, the value of biodiversity, and native species will be discussed. Applied knowledge and understanding Provide the scientific knowledge to describe techniques and strategies that are implemented for the realization of projects inspired by conservation biology, the value of genetic resources, and the importance of biodiversity from a social and economic point of view in the context of conservation projects. Autonomy of judgment The knowledge and skills acquired will form the scientific basis necessary to independently and evidence-based assess the problems of species and habitat conservation in relation to human activity, as well as social and economic aspects. A similar evidence-based assessment will be adopted for the solutions to be adopted to resolve conservation problems. Communication skills Ability to communicate the importance of biodiversity conservation and the implementation of local projects, both to scientific interlocutors and to technical operators and stakeholders. Learning skills The scientific and technical-regulatory knowledge acquired during the course will provide the basis for undertaking conservation and monitoring projects to conserve and evaluate the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation actions.
120468 - .	First Semester	6	SECS-P/08		Learning objectives 1. Knowledge and Understanding The course aims to provide students with a solid theoretical and methodological foundation for understanding the historical evolution of tourism and the emergence of ecotourism as a sustainable paradigm. Core principles such as environmental sustainability, local community participation, and the authenticity of the tourist experience will be examined in depth, together with the strategic role of communication in territorial enhancement processes. Particular attention will be devoted to the concepts of territorial marketing and green marketing, to the construction of place identity, and to the communicative dynamics that shape perception and competitiveness of destinations. 2. Applying Knowledge and Understanding Students will be able to apply the acquired knowledge to the analysis and design of communication and promotional strategies in the field of ecotourism, with a specific focus on mountain contexts. Through practical exercises, workshops, and case studies, they will develop operational competences in the use of narrative, digital, and participatory tools aimed at promoting sustainable and responsible tourism, translating territorial values into coherent and credible communicative messages. 3. Making Judgements The course is designed to foster critical and interpretative skills required to evaluate the ethical coherence and sustainability of communication practices within the tourism sector. Students will acquire analytical tools to identify and assess cases of greenwashing, and to formulate independent judgements on the most effective communication and marketing strategies that respect the identity and resources of the territory. 4. Learning Skills Through an interdisciplinary approach combining historical, cultural, environmental, and communicative perspectives, the course encourages the development of autonomous and lifelong learning abilities. Classroom activities and group work will promote critical thinking and reflection on the evolution of contemporary tourism systems, supporting continuous professional growth and adaptability. 5. Communication Skills Students will acquire advanced competences in tourism communication, particularly in adapting language, codes, and tools to different targets and media channels. They will be able to design authentic and coherent territorial narratives aligned with sustainability principles, and to use expressive and relational resources effectively for the promotion of responsible and participatory tourist experiences.
120467 - .	-	12	-	-	Learning objectives Knowledge and understanding The course aims to provide a critical understanding of the principles of Classical Physics (mechanics, fluids, thermodynamics and calorimetry, electromagnetism and waves) necessary for comprehending many phenomena specific to mountain areas and the instrumentation used in the field today. At the end of the teaching period, students will be able to:  analyze a problem, identifying the involved physical phenomena;  identify the essential elements of a physical phenomenon: the physical quantities involved and the laws governing it  classify physical phenomena and compare them, highlighting analogies and differences Applying knowledge and understanding At the end of the teaching period, students will be able to:  address problems related to the covered areas of Classical Physics and develop appropriate solution strategies  connect acquired knowledge to solve complex problems involving different physical phenomena  apply acquired knowledge and use the scientific method to address problems typical of mountain areas Making judgements At the end of the teaching period, students will be able to independently further develop insights on the topics covered. Communication skills At the end of the teaching period, students will be able to:  present scientific arguments in a clear and rigorous manner;  organize contents logically;  use proper terminology and appropriate technical-scientific language Learning skill At the end of the teaching period, students will be able to identify the necessary information to deal with the study of topics related to the analysis and management of mountain areas involving physical phenomena.
.	Second Semester	6	AGR/09
120470 - .	First Semester	9	BIO/03		Learning objectives Knowledge and understanding Basic knowledge about plant structure and functioning as a result of evolution and environmental response. Understanding of the connections between cellular, histological and organ organization levels and the vegetative and reproductive differences among the main taxonomical groups of plants. Knowledge of the basic structure of tree species and communities in relation to the environment and the main approaches available for their study. Applying knowledge and understanding The knowledge on plant structure and processes will give the scientific bases to develop quantitative laboratory or field methods for studying and monitoring plants and plant communities structure and response to environmental changes. Making judgements Skills and knowledge acquired will provide the scientific bases to develop the ability of analyze the state of plants in relation to the environment and the impacts at the environmental or productive level, and to evaluate the structural features of trees and forests in relation to environmental and management factors. Communication skills The knowledge acquired will allow to communicate at the scientific or technical level on topics regarding plant biology, the role of plant in the biosphere, the structural features of trees and forests, ecosystem response to climate change. Learning skills The scientific knowledge acquired will build the scientific bases for studying plant biology, or advancing the scientific methods for the quantitative description of forest species and communities.
18158 - PLANT GENETICS	Second Semester	6	AGR/07		Learning objectives 1. Knowledge and Understanding: Deep understanding of genetic principles and processes, particularly in the context of agriculture and forestry, including the study of heredity, variation, and the role of genes in plant and tree development and adaptation. 2. Applying Knowledge and Understanding: The ability to apply genetic knowledge to understand the evolution of populations and to manage and protect both mountain and non-mountainous landscapes. 3. Making Judgements: The capacity to evaluate genetic data and research critically, making informed decisions about genetic interventions to manage and protect both mountain and non-mountainous landscapes, considering both scientific and ethical implications. 4. Communication Skills: Proficiency in conveying complex genetic concepts and findings, particularly as they relate to agriculture and forestry, to diverse audiences, including scientists, farmers, policymakers, and the public. 5. Learning Skills: The ability to continuously acquire and integrate new genetic knowledge, particularly in the rapidly evolving fields of agricultural genetics and mountain environments, ensuring that one stays updated on the latest advancements and technologies
120469 - .	-	12	-	-	Learning objectives The course aims to provide knowledge in the field of science and practice of forest cultivation, based on forest ecology, to meet the needs of individuals and communities, considering the demands of society, but preserving the quantity and quality of the forest heritage over time to make them available to future generations. To address the fundamental principles of sustainable forest management and the role of management in achieving environmental sustainability goals. Knowledge and understanding Knowledge of the structure, functioning and mechanisms of regeneration of the arboreal component of the forest ecosystem and its regeneration methods. Ability to analyse and describe forest cenosis from a structural and management point of view. Understanding of the relationships between the forest and the physical and biological environment in which it grows, of the limiting factors and of the reaction to cultivation interventions. Degradation and improvement factors Appling knowledge and understanding Ability to provide guidance for the design and implementation of forest management interventions with a view to sustainable forest management, in the various forest communities considered (coppice, high forests, even-aged forests, uneven-aged forests). Making judgments Understanding the cultural status of each forest and proposing the most appropriate technical solution for its sustainable management, also through the ability to acquire and interpret the information from technical and scientific reference texts, defining the most appropriate management forms in relation to the characteristics of the forest systems, the needs of the property and society; knowing how to evaluate the different technical solutions and orient oneself in the choice of work systems in uses with reference to environmental protection and the health and safety of operators. Communication skills Ability to adequately represent the issues and possible solutions for better management of forest systems, ability to relate to other professional figures and to present proper results, considering the purposes of the work and the interlocutor. Learning skills Develop learning skills needed to keep preparation up to date and to undertake further studies with a high degree of autonomy.
.	Second Semester	6	AGR/05		Learning objectives KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING Learn the main concepts regarding the biology of forest species and their recognition. APPLIED KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING Ability to apply the diagnostic methodologies necessary for the identification of forest tree species and the recognition of the main forest formations. Collect the data useful for understanding the taxonomy, growth habit, chorology, temperament, cenology and customary uses of each woody species in the various Italian forestry consortia, demonstrating a professional approach both to devise and support arguments and to solve management and conservation problems. MAKING JUDGMENTS Recognize and manage the main forest typologies in mountain environments, in reference to production objectives, protection of the territory and conservation of biodiversity, including reflections on related social, scientific or ethical issues. COMMUNICATION SKILLS Acquire technical terminology to communicate information, ideas, problems and solutions clearly and in detail to the scientific and public community. LEARNING SKILLS Develop learning skills necessary to undertake further studies with a high degree of autonomy.
.	Second Semester	6	AGR/05		Learning objectives The course aims to provide knowledge in the field of science and practice of forest cultivation, based on forest ecology, to meet the needs of individuals and communities, considering the demands of society, but preserving the quantity and quality of the forest heritage over time to make them available to future generations. To address the fundamental principles of sustainable forest management and the role of management in achieving environmental sustainability goals. Knowledge and understanding Knowledge of the structure, functioning and mechanisms of regeneration of the arboreal component of the forest ecosystem and its regeneration methods. Ability to analyse and describe forest cenosis from a structural and management point of view. Understanding of the relationships between the forest and the physical and biological environment in which it grows, of the limiting factors and of the reaction to cultivation interventions. Degradation and improvement factors Appling knowledge and understanding Ability to provide guidance for the design and implementation of forest management interventions with a view to sustainable forest management, in the various forest communities considered (coppice, high forests, even-aged forests, uneven-aged forests). Making judgments Understanding the cultural status of each forest and proposing the most appropriate technical solution for its sustainable management, also through the ability to acquire and interpret the information from technical and scientific reference texts, defining the most appropriate management forms in relation to the characteristics of the forest systems, the needs of the property and society; knowing how to evaluate the different technical solutions and orient oneself in the choice of work systems in uses with reference to environmental protection and the health and safety of operators. Communication skills Ability to adequately represent the issues and possible solutions for better management of forest systems, ability to relate to other professional figures and to present proper results, considering the purposes of the work and the interlocutor. Learning skills Develop learning skills needed to keep preparation up to date and to undertake further studies with a high degree of autonomy.
120467 - .	-	12	-	-	Learning objectives Knowledge and understanding The course aims to provide a critical understanding of the principles of Classical Physics (mechanics, fluids, thermodynamics and calorimetry, electromagnetism and waves) necessary for comprehending many phenomena specific to mountain areas and the instrumentation used in the field today. At the end of the teaching period, students will be able to:  analyze a problem, identifying the involved physical phenomena;  identify the essential elements of a physical phenomenon: the physical quantities involved and the laws governing it  classify physical phenomena and compare them, highlighting analogies and differences Applying knowledge and understanding At the end of the teaching period, students will be able to:  address problems related to the covered areas of Classical Physics and develop appropriate solution strategies  connect acquired knowledge to solve complex problems involving different physical phenomena  apply acquired knowledge and use the scientific method to address problems typical of mountain areas Making judgements At the end of the teaching period, students will be able to independently further develop insights on the topics covered. Communication skills At the end of the teaching period, students will be able to:  present scientific arguments in a clear and rigorous manner;  organize contents logically;  use proper terminology and appropriate technical-scientific language Learning skill At the end of the teaching period, students will be able to identify the necessary information to deal with the study of topics related to the analysis and management of mountain areas involving physical phenomena.
.	Second Semester	6	FIS/06		Learning objectives Knowledge and understanding The course aims to provide a critical understanding of the principles of Classical Physics (mechanics, fluids, thermodynamics and calorimetry, electromagnetism and waves) necessary for comprehending many phenomena specific to mountain areas and the instrumentation used in the field today. At the end of the teaching period, students will be able to:  analyze a problem, identifying the involved physical phenomena;  identify the essential elements of a physical phenomenon: the physical quantities involved and the laws governing it  classify physical phenomena and compare them, highlighting analogies and differences Applying knowledge and understanding At the end of the teaching period, students will be able to:  address problems related to the covered areas of Classical Physics and develop appropriate solution strategies  connect acquired knowledge to solve complex problems involving different physical phenomena  apply acquired knowledge and use the scientific method to address problems typical of mountain areas Making judgements At the end of the teaching period, students will be able to independently further develop insights on the topics covered. Communication skills At the end of the teaching period, students will be able to:  present scientific arguments in a clear and rigorous manner;  organize contents logically;  use proper terminology and appropriate technical-scientific language Learning skill At the end of the teaching period, students will be able to identify the necessary information to deal with the study of topics related to the analysis and management of mountain areas involving physical phenomena.

SUBJECT	SEMESTER	CFU	SSD	LANGUAGE
120471 - .	First Semester	6	IUS/03
120472 - .	First Semester	6	AGR/01		Learning objectives KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING The student will acquire knowledge regarding the fundamentals of economics with particular reference to production, the economics of farms and agricultural policies in support of agroforestry farms operating in mountain areas. APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING The skills and knowledge acquired will allow the student to be able to select development policy instruments and interventions by making economically sustainable choices. MAKING JUDGEMENTS The skills and knowledge acquired will allow the student to be able to select among the various interventions of rural development policy by making sustainable choices from a technical-economic point of view. COMMUNICATION SKILLS The knowledge acquired will allow the student an adequate ability to communicate effectively with other stakeholders and to collaborate with professionals in the sector regarding economics of farms and agricultural policy. LEARNING SKILLS The skills acquired will allow the student to learn autonomously, and to be able to carry out analyses based on the specific cases with which he will have to deal in his professional life regarding the policy of support and development of farms operating in mountain areas.
120473 - .	-	12	-	-	Learning objectives 1) Understanding of the basics of agronomy and crop science useful for upland crop system management 2) Comprehension of variety of factors affecting upland crop system management and ability to apply specific solutions 3) Capability to analyze upland farming systems with special attention to rotations and agronomic practices applied to crops for the protection of mountain environment 4) To be able to describe technical features of upland cropping systems as well as their peculiarities and critical aspects 5) To be able to face questions speaking with an appropriate technical language.
.		6	AGR/19
.		6	AGR/02		Learning objectives 1) Understanding of the basics of agronomy and crop science useful for upland crop system management 2) Comprehension of variety of factors affecting upland crop system management and ability to apply specific solutions 3) Capability to analyze upland farming systems with special attention to rotations and agronomic practices applied to crops for the protection of mountain environment 4) To be able to describe technical features of upland cropping systems as well as their peculiarities and critical aspects 5) To be able to face questions speaking with an appropriate technical language.
120474 - .	-	12	-	-	Learning objectives LEARNING OBJECTIVES The course deals with the main aspects of river basin design. The fundamental hydrological, hydraulic and erosive processes that can occur within a river basin are analysed. The most common types of intervention to be used for an adequate defence of the territory from hydrogeological instability are identified, with particular regard to naturalistic engineering works. Knowledge and understanding The course aims to develop students' knowledge and understanding skills, such as: • knowledge and understanding skills in a field of study at a level that is characterised by the use of advanced textbooks and also includes knowledge of some cutting-edge topics in the field of hydraulic forestry systems; • ability to understand hydrological data. Applied knowledge and understanding The course will enable them to apply knowledge by demonstrating adequate understanding, enabling them, for example: • to apply their knowledge and understanding in a way that demonstrates a professional approach to their work, as well as adequate skills to both devise and support arguments to solve problems in the field of hydraulic forestry systems; • ability to collect hydrological data; • provide a careful examination of hydrological data in relation to flood events, based on observation and analysis. Making judgements The course will allow the development of independent judgement at various levels, such as • hypothesising which causes most influence the occurrence of hydrogeological instability phenomena • propose solutions for the mitigation of hydrogeological instability phenomena Communication skills Attending lectures and/or making independent use of the material provided will facilitate the development and application of communication skills, such as • ability to communicate information, ideas, problems and solutions, on the topics covered, to specialist and non-specialist people; • using appropriate and up-to-date technical vocabulary in the field of hydrology. Learning skills Attending lectures and/or making independent use of the material provided will facilitate the consolidation of one's learning skills, enabling one to, for example • activate a programme of continuous updating of one's knowledge • autonomously identify ways of acquiring information • identify and use the most useful sources of information for personal updating. This learning capacity will be fundamental for undertaking subsequent studies with a high degree of autonomy.
.		6	AGR/14		Learning objectives Learning objectives: The main objective of the teaching is to provide the knowledge required to interpret the genesis and evolution of a soil and its connection to the landscape. The basis for understanding soil formation processes and their relationships with environmental (climate, geology, morphology) and anthropic (land use and management) factors will be provided. The student will learn the basics of understanding the spatial distribution of soils and their temporal evolution within the landscape, by means of practical examples of soil map interpretation and soil-landscape reading. Knowledge and understanding: The student will have to demonstrate that he/she has learnt and understood the main aspects of soil science, i.e. (i) the chemical, physical and hydrological characteristics of soils; (ii) the recognition and characterisation of soil horizons, as well as the recognition of the pedogenetic processes; (iii) the pedogenetic factors influencing the evolution of a soil and the distribution of major soil types in the world; (iv) the principles of soil taxonomy and soil mapping; (v) the ecosystem functions of soil and the risks of degradation to which it is subject. Applying knowledge and understanding: The student will be able to use acquired knowledge to: i) describe the main characteristics of a soil profile and the associated pedogenetic processes, understanding the links between environmental characteristics and chemical-physical and hydrological characteristics; ii) understand the location of a certain soil type within a landscape and its geographical limits related to variations in pedogenetic factors; iii) understand and quantify the forms of soil degradation (e.g. erosion, compaction) Making judgement: the student must be able to independently recognise a certain soil type and the soil processes present. He/she must also know how to set up a soil survey and a description of a soil profile or augering, as well as interpret a soil map or a soil description and analysis data. Communication skills: The student should have the ability to explain the acquired knowledge in a simple and comprehensive manner, also trying to link the basics of mineralogy-chemistry and soil physics, with more complex topics such as ecosystem services and forms of soil degradation. Learning skills: The student is expected to refer to the teaching syllabus and lecture schedule of the course, delving into the various topics addressed through the handouts provided by the lecturer, consultation of recommended texts and publications of national and international relevance.
18367 - TRAINING STAGE	First Semester	7
120474 - .	-	12	-	-	Learning objectives LEARNING OBJECTIVES The course deals with the main aspects of river basin design. The fundamental hydrological, hydraulic and erosive processes that can occur within a river basin are analysed. The most common types of intervention to be used for an adequate defence of the territory from hydrogeological instability are identified, with particular regard to naturalistic engineering works. Knowledge and understanding The course aims to develop students' knowledge and understanding skills, such as: • knowledge and understanding skills in a field of study at a level that is characterised by the use of advanced textbooks and also includes knowledge of some cutting-edge topics in the field of hydraulic forestry systems; • ability to understand hydrological data. Applied knowledge and understanding The course will enable them to apply knowledge by demonstrating adequate understanding, enabling them, for example: • to apply their knowledge and understanding in a way that demonstrates a professional approach to their work, as well as adequate skills to both devise and support arguments to solve problems in the field of hydraulic forestry systems; • ability to collect hydrological data; • provide a careful examination of hydrological data in relation to flood events, based on observation and analysis. Making judgements The course will allow the development of independent judgement at various levels, such as • hypothesising which causes most influence the occurrence of hydrogeological instability phenomena • propose solutions for the mitigation of hydrogeological instability phenomena Communication skills Attending lectures and/or making independent use of the material provided will facilitate the development and application of communication skills, such as • ability to communicate information, ideas, problems and solutions, on the topics covered, to specialist and non-specialist people; • using appropriate and up-to-date technical vocabulary in the field of hydrology. Learning skills Attending lectures and/or making independent use of the material provided will facilitate the consolidation of one's learning skills, enabling one to, for example • activate a programme of continuous updating of one's knowledge • autonomously identify ways of acquiring information • identify and use the most useful sources of information for personal updating. This learning capacity will be fundamental for undertaking subsequent studies with a high degree of autonomy.
.		6	AGR/08		Learning objectives LEARNING OBJECTIVES The course deals with the main aspects of river basin design. The fundamental hydrological, hydraulic and erosive processes that can occur within a river basin are analysed. The most common types of intervention to be used for an adequate defence of the territory from hydrogeological instability are identified, with particular regard to naturalistic engineering works. Knowledge and understanding The course aims to develop students' knowledge and understanding skills, such as: • knowledge and understanding skills in a field of study at a level that is characterised by the use of advanced textbooks and also includes knowledge of some cutting-edge topics in the field of hydraulic forestry systems; • ability to understand hydrological data. Applied knowledge and understanding The course will enable them to apply knowledge by demonstrating adequate understanding, enabling them, for example: • to apply their knowledge and understanding in a way that demonstrates a professional approach to their work, as well as adequate skills to both devise and support arguments to solve problems in the field of hydraulic forestry systems; • ability to collect hydrological data; • provide a careful examination of hydrological data in relation to flood events, based on observation and analysis. Making judgements The course will allow the development of independent judgement at various levels, such as • hypothesising which causes most influence the occurrence of hydrogeological instability phenomena • propose solutions for the mitigation of hydrogeological instability phenomena Communication skills Attending lectures and/or making independent use of the material provided will facilitate the development and application of communication skills, such as • ability to communicate information, ideas, problems and solutions, on the topics covered, to specialist and non-specialist people; • using appropriate and up-to-date technical vocabulary in the field of hydrology. Learning skills Attending lectures and/or making independent use of the material provided will facilitate the consolidation of one's learning skills, enabling one to, for example • activate a programme of continuous updating of one's knowledge • autonomously identify ways of acquiring information • identify and use the most useful sources of information for personal updating. This learning capacity will be fundamental for undertaking subsequent studies with a high degree of autonomy.
16966 - MONITORING AND DEFENSE OF THE MOUNTAIN ENVIRONMENT	-	12	-	-
ENTOMOLOGIA DEL SISTEMA MONTANO		6	AGR/11		Learning objectives The course "Monitoring and Protection of the Mountain Environment" is structured to provide students with a comprehensive and multidisciplinary education. The goal is to prepare professionals capable of addressing the challenges of phytosanitary protection in mountain environments with competence, responsibility, and innovation. Knowledge and Understanding: • The student will acquire an in-depth understanding of the fundamental principles of monitoring and phytosanitary protection, with particular reference to mountain ecosystems. • Knowledge of the main species of insects and pathogenic organisms present in mountain environments, understanding the interactions between plants, harmful organisms (phytophagous, pathogens, etc.), and beneficial organisms. • Understanding the ecological processes and dynamics that regulate plant health in mountain environments, including biotic and abiotic factors. Applying Knowledge and Understanding: • The student will develop the ability to apply advanced monitoring methodologies for the detection and early diagnosis of phytosanitary issues specific to mountain environments. • They will be able to use tools and techniques for integrated protection to safeguard plant health in mountain contexts, minimizing environmental impact and promoting sustainability. • Apply theoretical knowledge to solve practical and operational problems in phytosanitary management of mountain environments. Making Judgements: • The student will develop critical skills to apply various phytosanitary monitoring and protection strategies, considering the specificities of mountain ecosystems and the socio-environmental impacts of the practices adopted. • They will be able to identify innovative solutions for phytosanitary management, based on scientific data, sustainability criteria, and the peculiarities of mountain environments. Communication Skills: • Acquire the ability to effectively communicate technical and scientific information related to plant health and phytosanitary protection strategies, both to sector specialists and to a non-specialized audience. Learning Skills: • Develop autonomous learning abilities, allowing for continuous updating of knowledge regarding innovative technologies and methods for phytosanitary monitoring and protection. • Encourage a critical and reflective approach to scientific and technical literature, stimulating curiosity and a propensity for continuous research in a rapidly evolving field such as environmental protection in mountain areas.
PATOLOGIA FORESTALE		6	AGR/12		Learning objectives The course "Monitoring and Protection of the Mountain Environment" is structured to provide students with a comprehensive and multidisciplinary education. The goal is to prepare professionals capable of addressing the challenges of phytosanitary protection in mountain environments with competence, responsibility, and innovation. Knowledge and Understanding: • The student will acquire an in-depth understanding of the fundamental principles of monitoring and phytosanitary protection, with particular reference to mountain ecosystems. • Knowledge of the main species of insects and pathogenic organisms present in mountain environments, understanding the interactions between plants, harmful organisms (phytophagous, pathogens, etc.), and beneficial organisms. • Understanding the ecological processes and dynamics that regulate plant health in mountain environments, including biotic and abiotic factors. Applying Knowledge and Understanding: • The student will develop the ability to apply advanced monitoring methodologies for the detection and early diagnosis of phytosanitary issues specific to mountain environments. • They will be able to use tools and techniques for integrated protection to safeguard plant health in mountain contexts, minimizing environmental impact and promoting sustainability. • Apply theoretical knowledge to solve practical and operational problems in phytosanitary management of mountain environments. Making Judgements: • The student will develop critical skills to apply various phytosanitary monitoring and protection strategies, considering the specificities of mountain ecosystems and the socio-environmental impacts of the practices adopted. • They will be able to identify innovative solutions for phytosanitary management, based on scientific data, sustainability criteria, and the peculiarities of mountain environments. Communication Skills: • Acquire the ability to effectively communicate technical and scientific information related to plant health and phytosanitary protection strategies, both to sector specialists and to a non-specialized audience. Learning Skills: • Develop autonomous learning abilities, allowing for continuous updating of knowledge regarding innovative technologies and methods for phytosanitary monitoring and protection. • Encourage a critical and reflective approach to scientific and technical literature, stimulating curiosity and a propensity for continuous research in a rapidly evolving field such as environmental protection in mountain areas.
120475 - .	Second Semester	3	FIS/06		Learning objectives The course responds to the growing demand for training in the strategic field of atmospheric phenomena at different spatial and temporal scales with huge implications in various fields. The main objective of the course is to provide the fundamentals of atmospheric physics that enable the understanding of weather and climate phenomena, including climate change and variability, and the tools available today to address the climate crisis. The course focuses on the study of atmospheric phenomena, but also includes a broad discussion of current and future climate changes and the tools available today to counter them. In particular, the student will be able to: - know the general circulation of the atmosphere - know and describe the main meteorological phenomena and correctly interpret ‘meteorological’ signals from the environment around us - know the correct methods of observing and monitoring the atmosphere and interpret commonly used meteorological products: o knowledge of the functioning of meteorological instruments and measurement methods; o basic knowledge of numerical models; - knowledge of meteorological phenomena specific to the mountain environment; - know the climate system and the natural and anthropogenic causes of its change; know the difference between climate variability and climate change; - know the impact of climate change on mountain areas; - know the tools for dealing with the climate emergency and have an overview of environmental policies and international negotiations. - A final lesson will be devoted to fake news, how to recognise it and how to defend against it.
17892 - .	Second Semester	5

SUBJECT	SEMESTER	CFU	SSD	LANGUAGE
18125 - MATHEMATIC	First Semester	6	MAT/05		Learning objectives LEARNING OBJECTIVES The objectives of the course are to provide students with the ability to use tools of mathematical analysis, algebra and geometry for understanding, designing and solving mathematical problems preparatory to the study of the subjects characterizing the course of studies of the degree in agricultural sciences and technologies (L-25). Attendance at lessons and exercises, although optional is strongly recommended. Knowledge and understanding The course aims to develop in students knowledge and understanding skills, such as: The aim of the course is to develop students' knowledge and understanding skills, such as: • Knowing and understanding mathematical functions and their use • Knowing and understanding the study of functions of one real variable • Knowing and understanding the operations between vectors and matrices Applied knowledge and understanding The course will allow students to apply knowledge and understanding, allowing for example to: • divide problems into general categories • map a linear or nonlinear dependence problem to the corresponding mathematical function and study its behavior • Analyze and solve a geometric problem through the corresponding algebraic formalism. Making judgements The course will allow students to develop autonomy of judgment at various levels, such as: • Understanding the behavior of a mathematical function on its domain range • Recognize from coordinates simple properties of vector pairs such as parallelism and orthogonality Communication skills Participating in the lessons and/or using the material made available independently will facilitate the development and application of communication skills, such as: • Provide solving schemes for simple analytical and algebraic problems • use appropriate and up-to-date technical vocabulary of mathematics Learning skills Participating in the lessons and/or independently using the material made available will facilitate the consolidation of one's learning skills, allowing for example to: • activate a program of continuous education updating of one's knowledge • Independently identify the ways to acquire information • identify and use the sources of information most useful to staff updating.
18127 - GENERAL BIOLOGY	First Semester	6	BIO/01		Learning objectives Knowledge and understanding Basic knowledge about plant structure and functioning as a result of evolution and environmental response. Understanding of the connections between cellular, histological and organ organization levels and the vegetative and reproductive differences among the main taxonomical groups of plants. Comprehension of the role of plants as producers in natural and artificial ecosystems. Applying knowledge and understanding The knowledge on plant structure and processes will give the scientific bases to develop quantitative laboratory or field methods for studying and monitoring plants and plant communities response to environmental changes. Making judgements Skills and knowledge acquired will provide the scientific bases to develop the ability of analyze the state of plants in relation to the environment and the impacts at the environmental or productive level. Communication skills The knowledge acquired will allow to communicate at the scientific or technical level on topics regarding plant biology, the role of plant in the biosphere, ecosystem response to climate change. Learning skills The scientific knowledge acquired will build the scientific bases for studying plant biology and accessing advanced studies on basic and applied plant biology.
18156 - INFORMATIC AND STATISTICS SKILLS	First Semester	6			Learning objectives 1. Knowledge and Understanding: Knowledge of Excel program to perform data analysis and to manage database-related information. Application of formulas and functions for data analysis. Application of software for using a spreadsheet and processing data. Functions, sorting data and creating graphs and tables. Events, and random variable; Population and statistical sample; Sampling procedures; Probability density distribution models of random variables and some sample statistics of random var.; Quantiles. Continuous variability, variance and mean; Null hypothesis and statistical test; Statistical tests within and between samples; Probability of simple events and compound events; Chi-square test; Normal distribution; Correlation and Regression; Experimental designs (Split-plot, RBD, Factorial); Analysis of Variance. Comparison of averages. 2. Application of Knowledge and Understanding: To provide the statistical basis for understanding and describing phenomena and to know how to design an experiment with its interpretation. Provide the student with the tools of a use of Office programs (Word, Excel, PowerPoint) for the purpose of their proper use in writing thesis or scientific paper, processing data and graphs representing them. 3. Ability to Judge: The ability to critically evaluate data and make informed decisions on appropriate analysis. Ability to present data clearly and rigorously. 4. Communication Skills: Proficiency in conveying concepts and findings, particularly those related to agriculture and forestry, to diverse audiences, including scientists, farmers, policy makers, and the public. 5. Learning Capacity: The ability to continuously acquire and integrate new knowledge.
120465 - .	-	8	-	-	Learning objectives The aim of the course is to provide: the basics of General and Inorganic Chemistry in order to introduce the student to the main topics in the study of Chemistry so that they are provided with the necessary basis to better deal with the topics present in specific courses in the following years: KNOWLEDGE AND COMPENSATION SKILLS: To know the characteristics of matter, through knowledge of: a) The atomic structure of matter, the subdivision of the elements in the Periodic Table b) The main chemical bonds that constitute the main molecules and the main compounds present in nature, the physical bonds present in the intermolecular interactions that determine the chemical-physical structure of matter in the three fundamental states: solid, liquid and gaseous, and the relative properties. Knowing the names, formulas and oxidation numbers of the main molecules and compounds. c) Solutions: general aspects such as concentrations and colligative properties. d) Chemical reactions through knowledge of the following aspects: formal (equilibrium), energetic (thermodynamic) and dynamic (kinetics or reaction rates). e) Reactions in solution: acid-base and oxidation-reduction. KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: The student will acquire skills from this knowledge that they will be able to apply to the main environmental issues, particularly in mountain environments. JUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE Ability to recognise in a more in-depth and professional manner the characteristics of the subject and the chemical-physical laws that regulate the transformation of the subject itself, in particular due to atmospheric agents, the soil and pollutants. COMMUNICATION SKILLS Adequate language skills and multidisciplinary communication skills specific to Chemistry. LEARNING ABILITY Develop an adequate and appropriate chemical language that allows for the adequate development of knowledge and skills in the study of matter and its transformations.
.	First Semester	4	CHIM/03		Learning objectives The aim of the course is to provide: the basics of General and Inorganic Chemistry in order to introduce the student to the main topics in the study of Chemistry so that they are provided with the necessary basis to better deal with the topics present in specific courses in the following years: KNOWLEDGE AND COMPENSATION SKILLS: To know the characteristics of matter, through knowledge of: a) The atomic structure of matter, the subdivision of the elements in the Periodic Table b) The main chemical bonds that constitute the main molecules and the main compounds present in nature, the physical bonds present in the intermolecular interactions that determine the chemical-physical structure of matter in the three fundamental states: solid, liquid and gaseous, and the relative properties. Knowing the names, formulas and oxidation numbers of the main molecules and compounds. c) Solutions: general aspects such as concentrations and colligative properties. d) Chemical reactions through knowledge of the following aspects: formal (equilibrium), energetic (thermodynamic) and dynamic (kinetics or reaction rates). e) Reactions in solution: acid-base and oxidation-reduction. KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: The student will acquire skills from this knowledge that they will be able to apply to the main environmental issues, particularly in mountain environments. JUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE Ability to recognise in a more in-depth and professional manner the characteristics of the subject and the chemical-physical laws that regulate the transformation of the subject itself, in particular due to atmospheric agents, the soil and pollutants. COMMUNICATION SKILLS Adequate language skills and multidisciplinary communication skills specific to Chemistry. LEARNING ABILITY Develop an adequate and appropriate chemical language that allows for the adequate development of knowledge and skills in the study of matter and its transformations.
.	First Semester	4	CHIM/06		Learning objectives Aim of the course is to provide the student with the basic knowledge of Organic Chemistry, through learning the main functional groups present in organic molecules and biomolecules, their reactivity and the relationships between structure and physical-chemical properties. Expected learning outcomes 1) Knowledge and understanding - Knowledge of the principal functional groups of organic molecules and biomolecules - Ability to deduce the chemical-physical properties of biomolecules based on the functional groups involved. 2) Applying knowledge and understanding - Ability to predict the reactivity and properties of organic molecules containing multiple functional groups - Apply the concepts to the most important biomolecular classes 3) Making Judgements - Critical evaluation of the properties of molecules with one or more functional groups - Ability to design the structure of organic molecules and biomolecules in order to obtain specific properties 4) Communication Skills - Appropriate language properties and multidisciplinary communication skills 5) Learning Skills - Ability to acquire more in-depth knowledge in the field of Organic Chemistry in its various and numerous aspects
120466 - .	First Semester	7	AGR/10
18169 - ENGLISH LANGUAGE	Second Semester	6	L-LIN/12		Learning objectives Overall teaching goals The course aims to enable students to read and understand effectively texts in English, such as short scientific and/or informative articles, book chapters, etc.. The secondary objective is to develop the ability to listen to short audio/video texts on the same topics. Moreover, the overall goals include: i. Stylistic and linguistic analysis of the text; ii. Vocabulary practice to build learners' knowledge of high-frequency words and phrases as well as common lexical sets, in order to prepare students to pass the final exam 1) knowledge and understanding Students must prove to have acquired knowledge and comprehension of language content at a level of competence equivalent to B1-B1+. 2) Use of knowledge and learning skills Students must prove to be able to use the knowledge and the learning skills developed during the course by passing the final exam. 3) Independent judgement Students will have to show that they are able to analyse the teaching material available in a critical and independent way, and to further practise the language with self-study activities, working independently. 4) Communication skills Even though the overall goals mainly focus on developing reading comprehension skills, during the course students will have to show that they have achieved a sufficient level of oral communication skills in English. 5) Learning abilities Students will have to demonstrate to have developed a range of study skills in the subject area (in terms of reading comprehension) equivalent to B1-B1+.
16974 - PLANT DIVERSITY	Second Semester	6	BIO/03		Learning objectives 1. Knowledge and Understanding: - Introduction to the course. Introduction to botany. Botany is the science that studies plant organisms. The study of plant diversity. -Concept of species, systematics and taxonomy. Classification methods. Artificial and natural classification systems. Analogy and homology. Taxonomic ranks. The species: morphological concept and biological concept. Phylogenetic classification. Nomenclature. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Main and secondary ranks. Subspecies, varieties and cultivars. Main rules of the code. Taxon of hybrid origin. Speciation in plants. Polyploid speciation. Apomixis or Agamospermia. Introgression. - Prokaryotes: Cyanobacteria: notes on cytology, motility, heterocysts. Biological nitrogen fixation. Systematics. Ecological and evolutionary importance. Cyanobacteria in mountain environments. - Autotrophic eukaryotic organisms (1st part). The first autotrophic thallophytes. Reproduction. Algae: microalgae and macroalgae (notes on general characteristics and ecology). Reproduction in algae. Freshwater algae. Algae and eutrophication. - Fungi: Distinctive characteristics, elements on morphology and reproduction. Main phyla (Zygomycota, Myxomycota, Chytridiomycota, Oomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota). Ecological importance. Yeasts. Lichens. Mycorrhizae. - Autotrophic eukaryotic organisms (1st part). The first autotrophic thallophytes. Emergence from water. Phylogenetic relationships between the main groups of terrestrial plants. The major stages of the evolution of plant organisms. Paleobotany. - Bryophytes: Musci, Hepaticae, Anthocerotae; bryophytes as bioindicators. - Autotrophic eukaryotic organisms (2nd part). Vascular plants without seeds or pteridophytes: general characteristics, diagnostic characteristics, reproduction, notes on systematics (and ecology): Lycophytes, Monilofites (Psilotopsida, Equisetopsida, Polypodiopsida with examples and observation of fresh material). - Vascular plants with seeds: Gymnosperms: notes on general diagnostic characteristics, systematics (and ecology). Angiosperms: general characteristics; diversity and notes on evolution; evolution of floral morphology; Inflorescences; the fruit; notes on systematics; Comparison between the subdivision into “classical” families (Cronquist system) and molecular (APG- Angiosperm Phylogeny Group). Main families of herbaceous plants of the Italian flora (according to APG), diagnostic characteristics and examples of genera and species (ecology and distribution). - basal angiosperms (Nymphaeaceae) - archaic angiosperms (Magnoliidae: Aristolochiaceae, Magnoliaceae). - Monocots: Alliaceae, Cyperaceae, Juncaceae, Liliaceae s.s., Iridaceae, Orchidaceae, Poaceae. - Eu-dicots: Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Boraginaceae, Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Ericaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Geraniaceae, Lamiaceae, Plantaginaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, Rubiaceae, Scrophulariaceae. Orobancaceae. - Identification of vascular plants. Identification keys and their use: the Flora of Italy (Pignatti), the Portal to the flora of Italy (Portal to the flora of Italy 2020.1). - Notes on the Italian vascular flora: native flora and allochthonous flora, notes on areas and biological forms. - Herbariums, the Herbarium of Tuscia. How to create a personal herbarium. 2. Applying Knowledge and Understanding: Acquisition of knowledge on plant diversity at the highest taxonomic levels. Correct use of scientific names of plant taxa. Use of species identification techniques. Acquisition of the ability to recognize in the field the most common families of angiosperms of the Italian flora. 3. Making Judgements: The ability to critically evaluate data and recognize plant species. 4. Communication Skills: Proficiency in conveying complex concepts and findings, particularly as they relate to plant species, to diverse audiences, including scientists, farmers, policymakers, and the public. 5. Learning Skills: The ability to continuously acquire and integrate new knowledge
18149 - GEOLOGY	Second Semester	6	GEO/02		Learning objectives The course has three main objectives: 1) to provide some fundamental elements of Earth Sciences aimed at understanding the evolution of the Earth's system and its dynamic character; 2) to provide basic notions for the interpretation and use of geological data available at national and regional level (for non-geological professionals); 3) highlight the multiple hazards and geological risk factors that characterise the national territory. Considering that the European INSPIRE (INfrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe) directive implemented in Italy with Legislative Decree 32/2010 has completely changed the management and distribution of territorial data and, in particular, geological data. The course also provides indications on how to use the geothematic data made available by standard OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) services of the leading national and regional geoportals, which have become the main (and often the only) source of information and acquisition of such data. 1) knowledge and understanding At the end of the training activity, the student will acquire knowledge of the primary dynamic processes affecting the terrestrial system and the hazard and risk factors associated with them and will be able to understand the terminology and symbols used in geological maps, as well as to have the basic knowledge necessary to acquire geological data from the leading national and regional geoportals 2) applying knowledge and understanding. At the end of the training activity, the student must demonstrate that he can perform a search for geothematic data (and in particular those relating to geological cartography) made available by the leading national and regional geoportals and use them to carry out a brief description of the physical characteristics of the territory with particular reference to its geological hazard factors and relative risk. 3) making judgements. Through the examples proposed during the lessons and the exercises, the student must be able to evaluate the quality of the geological data acquired or the limits related to their use in territorial studies. He must also be able to correctly cite the source of information obtained to clearly distinguish bibliographic data from his interpretations. 4) communication skills. The student must acquire a primary technical language related to the topics covered during the lessons and exercises to dialogue with professionals and experts engaged in environmental, territorial analysis, management, and design. Communication skills will be verified during the ongoing tests and the final exam. 5) learning skills The student will have to demonstrate that he possesses the essential notions to be able to carry out a general analysis of the geological data available (on a limited territorial area) and also to be able to acquire further knowledge. Then, data will be acquired for a more in-depth analysis of specific, variable aspects depending on the local characteristics and, therefore, also different from those treated in the examples considered during the course and exercises.
15133 - OPTIONAL SUBJECT	Second Semester	12

SUBJECT	SEMESTER	CFU	SSD	LANGUAGE
119252 - ECOLOGIA E CONSERVAZIONE DEGLI ECOSISTEMI MONTANI	First Semester	6	BIO/07		Learning objectives The course aims to provide an overview of the general principles of ecology and conservation biology, enabling students to gain an adequate understanding of conservation issues and the main management strategies that can be implemented to protect biodiversity, regarding especially the threats and pressures encountered in mountain ecosystems. The course will focus on integrating theory and practical examples to highlight the close synergy between these two aspects, as well as the need for any analysis of conservation issues and related solutions to be based on evidence with strategies that include adaptive management programs. Adequate importance will be given to regulatory aspects and environmental assessments. Knowledge and understanding Knowledge of the elements of ecology and conservation biology and the importance of strategies for conservation based on adaptive management. In particular, the principles of in situ and ex situ conservation, the value of biodiversity, and native species will be discussed. Applied knowledge and understanding Provide the scientific knowledge to describe techniques and strategies that are implemented for the realization of projects inspired by conservation biology, the value of genetic resources, and the importance of biodiversity from a social and economic point of view in the context of conservation projects. Autonomy of judgment The knowledge and skills acquired will form the scientific basis necessary to independently and evidence-based assess the problems of species and habitat conservation in relation to human activity, as well as social and economic aspects. A similar evidence-based assessment will be adopted for the solutions to be adopted to resolve conservation problems. Communication skills Ability to communicate the importance of biodiversity conservation and the implementation of local projects, both to scientific interlocutors and to technical operators and stakeholders. Learning skills The scientific and technical-regulatory knowledge acquired during the course will provide the basis for undertaking conservation and monitoring projects to conserve and evaluate the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation actions.
120476 - .	First Semester	6	AGR/07		Learning objectives Knowledge and understanding Understand the basics of genetic variability and the importance of genetic resources. Principles of in situ and ex situ conservation, the value of ancient varieties and landraces. Applying knowledge and understanding To provide the scientific knowledge to describe conservation methods, the value of genetic resources, and the genetic, social, and economic importance of ancient varieties. Making judgements The knowledge and skills acquired will constitute the scientific basis necessary to evaluate the characteristics of plant germplasm in relation to genetic, social, economic and environmental factors. Communication skills Ability to communicate the value and importance of ancient varieties and local ecotypes, both at a scientific level and with technical operators and stakeholders. Learning skills The scientific and cultural knowledge acquired will provide the basis for undertaking in-depth studies and advanced scientific study methods to quantitatively describe landraces and undertake paths for their valorisation.
120467 - .	-	12	-	-	Learning objectives Knowledge and understanding The course aims to provide a critical understanding of the principles of Classical Physics (mechanics, fluids, thermodynamics and calorimetry, electromagnetism and waves) necessary for comprehending many phenomena specific to mountain areas and the instrumentation used in the field today. At the end of the teaching period, students will be able to:  analyze a problem, identifying the involved physical phenomena;  identify the essential elements of a physical phenomenon: the physical quantities involved and the laws governing it  classify physical phenomena and compare them, highlighting analogies and differences Applying knowledge and understanding At the end of the teaching period, students will be able to:  address problems related to the covered areas of Classical Physics and develop appropriate solution strategies  connect acquired knowledge to solve complex problems involving different physical phenomena  apply acquired knowledge and use the scientific method to address problems typical of mountain areas Making judgements At the end of the teaching period, students will be able to independently further develop insights on the topics covered. Communication skills At the end of the teaching period, students will be able to:  present scientific arguments in a clear and rigorous manner;  organize contents logically;  use proper terminology and appropriate technical-scientific language Learning skill At the end of the teaching period, students will be able to identify the necessary information to deal with the study of topics related to the analysis and management of mountain areas involving physical phenomena.
.	Second Semester	6	AGR/09
120470 - .	First Semester	9	BIO/03		Learning objectives Knowledge and understanding Basic knowledge about plant structure and functioning as a result of evolution and environmental response. Understanding of the connections between cellular, histological and organ organization levels and the vegetative and reproductive differences among the main taxonomical groups of plants. Knowledge of the basic structure of tree species and communities in relation to the environment and the main approaches available for their study. Applying knowledge and understanding The knowledge on plant structure and processes will give the scientific bases to develop quantitative laboratory or field methods for studying and monitoring plants and plant communities structure and response to environmental changes. Making judgements Skills and knowledge acquired will provide the scientific bases to develop the ability of analyze the state of plants in relation to the environment and the impacts at the environmental or productive level, and to evaluate the structural features of trees and forests in relation to environmental and management factors. Communication skills The knowledge acquired will allow to communicate at the scientific or technical level on topics regarding plant biology, the role of plant in the biosphere, the structural features of trees and forests, ecosystem response to climate change. Learning skills The scientific knowledge acquired will build the scientific bases for studying plant biology, or advancing the scientific methods for the quantitative description of forest species and communities.
18158 - PLANT GENETICS	Second Semester	6	AGR/07		Learning objectives 1. Knowledge and Understanding: Deep understanding of genetic principles and processes, particularly in the context of agriculture and forestry, including the study of heredity, variation, and the role of genes in plant and tree development and adaptation. 2. Applying Knowledge and Understanding: The ability to apply genetic knowledge to understand the evolution of populations and to manage and protect both mountain and non-mountainous landscapes. 3. Making Judgements: The capacity to evaluate genetic data and research critically, making informed decisions about genetic interventions to manage and protect both mountain and non-mountainous landscapes, considering both scientific and ethical implications. 4. Communication Skills: Proficiency in conveying complex genetic concepts and findings, particularly as they relate to agriculture and forestry, to diverse audiences, including scientists, farmers, policymakers, and the public. 5. Learning Skills: The ability to continuously acquire and integrate new genetic knowledge, particularly in the rapidly evolving fields of agricultural genetics and mountain environments, ensuring that one stays updated on the latest advancements and technologies
120469 - .	-	12	-	-	Learning objectives The course aims to provide knowledge in the field of science and practice of forest cultivation, based on forest ecology, to meet the needs of individuals and communities, considering the demands of society, but preserving the quantity and quality of the forest heritage over time to make them available to future generations. To address the fundamental principles of sustainable forest management and the role of management in achieving environmental sustainability goals. Knowledge and understanding Knowledge of the structure, functioning and mechanisms of regeneration of the arboreal component of the forest ecosystem and its regeneration methods. Ability to analyse and describe forest cenosis from a structural and management point of view. Understanding of the relationships between the forest and the physical and biological environment in which it grows, of the limiting factors and of the reaction to cultivation interventions. Degradation and improvement factors Appling knowledge and understanding Ability to provide guidance for the design and implementation of forest management interventions with a view to sustainable forest management, in the various forest communities considered (coppice, high forests, even-aged forests, uneven-aged forests). Making judgments Understanding the cultural status of each forest and proposing the most appropriate technical solution for its sustainable management, also through the ability to acquire and interpret the information from technical and scientific reference texts, defining the most appropriate management forms in relation to the characteristics of the forest systems, the needs of the property and society; knowing how to evaluate the different technical solutions and orient oneself in the choice of work systems in uses with reference to environmental protection and the health and safety of operators. Communication skills Ability to adequately represent the issues and possible solutions for better management of forest systems, ability to relate to other professional figures and to present proper results, considering the purposes of the work and the interlocutor. Learning skills Develop learning skills needed to keep preparation up to date and to undertake further studies with a high degree of autonomy.
.	Second Semester	6	AGR/05		Learning objectives KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING Learn the main concepts regarding the biology of forest species and their recognition. APPLIED KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING Ability to apply the diagnostic methodologies necessary for the identification of forest tree species and the recognition of the main forest formations. Collect the data useful for understanding the taxonomy, growth habit, chorology, temperament, cenology and customary uses of each woody species in the various Italian forestry consortia, demonstrating a professional approach both to devise and support arguments and to solve management and conservation problems. MAKING JUDGMENTS Recognize and manage the main forest typologies in mountain environments, in reference to production objectives, protection of the territory and conservation of biodiversity, including reflections on related social, scientific or ethical issues. COMMUNICATION SKILLS Acquire technical terminology to communicate information, ideas, problems and solutions clearly and in detail to the scientific and public community. LEARNING SKILLS Develop learning skills necessary to undertake further studies with a high degree of autonomy.
.	Second Semester	6	AGR/05		Learning objectives The course aims to provide knowledge in the field of science and practice of forest cultivation, based on forest ecology, to meet the needs of individuals and communities, considering the demands of society, but preserving the quantity and quality of the forest heritage over time to make them available to future generations. To address the fundamental principles of sustainable forest management and the role of management in achieving environmental sustainability goals. Knowledge and understanding Knowledge of the structure, functioning and mechanisms of regeneration of the arboreal component of the forest ecosystem and its regeneration methods. Ability to analyse and describe forest cenosis from a structural and management point of view. Understanding of the relationships between the forest and the physical and biological environment in which it grows, of the limiting factors and of the reaction to cultivation interventions. Degradation and improvement factors Appling knowledge and understanding Ability to provide guidance for the design and implementation of forest management interventions with a view to sustainable forest management, in the various forest communities considered (coppice, high forests, even-aged forests, uneven-aged forests). Making judgments Understanding the cultural status of each forest and proposing the most appropriate technical solution for its sustainable management, also through the ability to acquire and interpret the information from technical and scientific reference texts, defining the most appropriate management forms in relation to the characteristics of the forest systems, the needs of the property and society; knowing how to evaluate the different technical solutions and orient oneself in the choice of work systems in uses with reference to environmental protection and the health and safety of operators. Communication skills Ability to adequately represent the issues and possible solutions for better management of forest systems, ability to relate to other professional figures and to present proper results, considering the purposes of the work and the interlocutor. Learning skills Develop learning skills needed to keep preparation up to date and to undertake further studies with a high degree of autonomy.
120467 - .	-	12	-	-	Learning objectives Knowledge and understanding The course aims to provide a critical understanding of the principles of Classical Physics (mechanics, fluids, thermodynamics and calorimetry, electromagnetism and waves) necessary for comprehending many phenomena specific to mountain areas and the instrumentation used in the field today. At the end of the teaching period, students will be able to:  analyze a problem, identifying the involved physical phenomena;  identify the essential elements of a physical phenomenon: the physical quantities involved and the laws governing it  classify physical phenomena and compare them, highlighting analogies and differences Applying knowledge and understanding At the end of the teaching period, students will be able to:  address problems related to the covered areas of Classical Physics and develop appropriate solution strategies  connect acquired knowledge to solve complex problems involving different physical phenomena  apply acquired knowledge and use the scientific method to address problems typical of mountain areas Making judgements At the end of the teaching period, students will be able to independently further develop insights on the topics covered. Communication skills At the end of the teaching period, students will be able to:  present scientific arguments in a clear and rigorous manner;  organize contents logically;  use proper terminology and appropriate technical-scientific language Learning skill At the end of the teaching period, students will be able to identify the necessary information to deal with the study of topics related to the analysis and management of mountain areas involving physical phenomena.
.	Second Semester	6	FIS/06		Learning objectives Knowledge and understanding The course aims to provide a critical understanding of the principles of Classical Physics (mechanics, fluids, thermodynamics and calorimetry, electromagnetism and waves) necessary for comprehending many phenomena specific to mountain areas and the instrumentation used in the field today. At the end of the teaching period, students will be able to:  analyze a problem, identifying the involved physical phenomena;  identify the essential elements of a physical phenomenon: the physical quantities involved and the laws governing it  classify physical phenomena and compare them, highlighting analogies and differences Applying knowledge and understanding At the end of the teaching period, students will be able to:  address problems related to the covered areas of Classical Physics and develop appropriate solution strategies  connect acquired knowledge to solve complex problems involving different physical phenomena  apply acquired knowledge and use the scientific method to address problems typical of mountain areas Making judgements At the end of the teaching period, students will be able to independently further develop insights on the topics covered. Communication skills At the end of the teaching period, students will be able to:  present scientific arguments in a clear and rigorous manner;  organize contents logically;  use proper terminology and appropriate technical-scientific language Learning skill At the end of the teaching period, students will be able to identify the necessary information to deal with the study of topics related to the analysis and management of mountain areas involving physical phenomena.

SUBJECT	SEMESTER	CFU	SSD	LANGUAGE
120472 - .	First Semester	6	AGR/01		Learning objectives KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING The student will acquire knowledge regarding the fundamentals of economics with particular reference to production, the economics of farms and agricultural policies in support of agroforestry farms operating in mountain areas. APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING The skills and knowledge acquired will allow the student to be able to select development policy instruments and interventions by making economically sustainable choices. MAKING JUDGEMENTS The skills and knowledge acquired will allow the student to be able to select among the various interventions of rural development policy by making sustainable choices from a technical-economic point of view. COMMUNICATION SKILLS The knowledge acquired will allow the student an adequate ability to communicate effectively with other stakeholders and to collaborate with professionals in the sector regarding economics of farms and agricultural policy. LEARNING SKILLS The skills acquired will allow the student to learn autonomously, and to be able to carry out analyses based on the specific cases with which he will have to deal in his professional life regarding the policy of support and development of farms operating in mountain areas.
120477 - .	-	12	-	-	Learning objectives Educational objectives In line with the educational objectives of the Degree Course in 'Mountain Sciences', the teaching provided has the general objective of providing basic and applied knowledge on the main systems and techniques for breeding animals of zootechnical interest and on the quality of products of animal origin, with particular attention to the potential of animal husbandry in mountain areas. 1) Knowledge and understanding The student will develop basic and advanced knowledge relating to the management of different production systems (milk, meat, eggs) and on the quality of the products obtained. 2) Applying knowledge and understanding The knowledge acquired will give the student the ability to understand the main critical points related to the management of animals in breeding and the use of appropriate approaches to guarantee animal welfare, reduce risks to consumer health and improve the production efficiency of a livestock farm even in mountain areas. 3) Making judgements The skills and knowledge acquired will allow the student to independently develop their own assessments regarding the resolution of practical problems related to the management of animals in breeding by making reasoned choices in the specific sector. 4) Communication skills The knowledge acquired by the student will allow him to communicate what he has learned using appropriate, clear and professional language. 5) Learning skills The skills acquired by the student will allow him to develop a critical capacity that will allow him to face with great flexibility the different professional contexts in which he will have to operate.
.		6	AGR/18		Learning objectives Educational objectives In line with the educational objectives of the Degree Course in 'Mountain Sciences', the teaching provided has the general objective of providing basic and applied knowledge on the main systems and techniques for breeding animals of zootechnical interest and on the quality of products of animal origin, with particular attention to the potential of animal husbandry in mountain areas. 1) Knowledge and understanding The student will develop basic and advanced knowledge relating to the management of different production systems (milk, meat, eggs) and on the quality of the products obtained. 2) Applying knowledge and understanding The knowledge acquired will give the student the ability to understand the main critical points related to the management of animals in breeding and the use of appropriate approaches to guarantee animal welfare, reduce risks to consumer health and improve the production efficiency of a livestock farm even in mountain areas. 3) Making judgements The skills and knowledge acquired will allow the student to independently develop their own assessments regarding the resolution of practical problems related to the management of animals in breeding by making reasoned choices in the specific sector. 4) Communication skills The knowledge acquired by the student will allow him to communicate what he has learned using appropriate, clear and professional language. 5) Learning skills The skills acquired by the student will allow him to develop a critical capacity that will allow him to face with great flexibility the different professional contexts in which he will have to operate.
.		6	AGR/02
120474 - .	-	12	-	-	Learning objectives LEARNING OBJECTIVES The course deals with the main aspects of river basin design. The fundamental hydrological, hydraulic and erosive processes that can occur within a river basin are analysed. The most common types of intervention to be used for an adequate defence of the territory from hydrogeological instability are identified, with particular regard to naturalistic engineering works. Knowledge and understanding The course aims to develop students' knowledge and understanding skills, such as: • knowledge and understanding skills in a field of study at a level that is characterised by the use of advanced textbooks and also includes knowledge of some cutting-edge topics in the field of hydraulic forestry systems; • ability to understand hydrological data. Applied knowledge and understanding The course will enable them to apply knowledge by demonstrating adequate understanding, enabling them, for example: • to apply their knowledge and understanding in a way that demonstrates a professional approach to their work, as well as adequate skills to both devise and support arguments to solve problems in the field of hydraulic forestry systems; • ability to collect hydrological data; • provide a careful examination of hydrological data in relation to flood events, based on observation and analysis. Making judgements The course will allow the development of independent judgement at various levels, such as • hypothesising which causes most influence the occurrence of hydrogeological instability phenomena • propose solutions for the mitigation of hydrogeological instability phenomena Communication skills Attending lectures and/or making independent use of the material provided will facilitate the development and application of communication skills, such as • ability to communicate information, ideas, problems and solutions, on the topics covered, to specialist and non-specialist people; • using appropriate and up-to-date technical vocabulary in the field of hydrology. Learning skills Attending lectures and/or making independent use of the material provided will facilitate the consolidation of one's learning skills, enabling one to, for example • activate a programme of continuous updating of one's knowledge • autonomously identify ways of acquiring information • identify and use the most useful sources of information for personal updating. This learning capacity will be fundamental for undertaking subsequent studies with a high degree of autonomy.
.		6	AGR/14		Learning objectives Learning objectives: The main objective of the teaching is to provide the knowledge required to interpret the genesis and evolution of a soil and its connection to the landscape. The basis for understanding soil formation processes and their relationships with environmental (climate, geology, morphology) and anthropic (land use and management) factors will be provided. The student will learn the basics of understanding the spatial distribution of soils and their temporal evolution within the landscape, by means of practical examples of soil map interpretation and soil-landscape reading. Knowledge and understanding: The student will have to demonstrate that he/she has learnt and understood the main aspects of soil science, i.e. (i) the chemical, physical and hydrological characteristics of soils; (ii) the recognition and characterisation of soil horizons, as well as the recognition of the pedogenetic processes; (iii) the pedogenetic factors influencing the evolution of a soil and the distribution of major soil types in the world; (iv) the principles of soil taxonomy and soil mapping; (v) the ecosystem functions of soil and the risks of degradation to which it is subject. Applying knowledge and understanding: The student will be able to use acquired knowledge to: i) describe the main characteristics of a soil profile and the associated pedogenetic processes, understanding the links between environmental characteristics and chemical-physical and hydrological characteristics; ii) understand the location of a certain soil type within a landscape and its geographical limits related to variations in pedogenetic factors; iii) understand and quantify the forms of soil degradation (e.g. erosion, compaction) Making judgement: the student must be able to independently recognise a certain soil type and the soil processes present. He/she must also know how to set up a soil survey and a description of a soil profile or augering, as well as interpret a soil map or a soil description and analysis data. Communication skills: The student should have the ability to explain the acquired knowledge in a simple and comprehensive manner, also trying to link the basics of mineralogy-chemistry and soil physics, with more complex topics such as ecosystem services and forms of soil degradation. Learning skills: The student is expected to refer to the teaching syllabus and lecture schedule of the course, delving into the various topics addressed through the handouts provided by the lecturer, consultation of recommended texts and publications of national and international relevance.
18367 - TRAINING STAGE	First Semester	7
118633 - TECNOLOGIE DI TRASFORMAZIONE DEI PRODOTTI DI MONTAGNA	First Semester	6	AGR/15		Learning objectives Knowledge and understanding Knowledge about the leading food processing and related products. In-depth knowledge of processing raw materials cultivated and bred in mountain areas will be acquired. Understanding fermentative microorganisms' biotechnological and conservation function (lactic, acetic, and yeasts). Comprehension of physical and chemical conservation processes. Applying knowledge and understanding Students are encouraged to apply the information they acquire to the production chains, with the acknowledgement of the 'Mountain Product' designation established by Art. 31 of Regulation (E.U.) No. 1151/2012 and regulated by the D.M. of the M.I.P.A.A.F. n- 57167 of 26 July 2017. Making judgements The course aims to provide tools for assessing the effects of biological, chemical, and physical processes on food composition, stability, and organoleptic characteristics. Communication skills Learning the technical-scientific language that is appropriate for communicating the acquired knowledge. The recognition of the peculiar characteristics of the "mountain product" will provide the student with the basic tool to communicate to the consumer the added value and peculiarity of the food according to the area of origin. Learning skills Acquiring the necessary tools, the student can conduct an in-depth analysis of food's quality characteristics, hygiene requirements, health, plant organization, and process evaluation regarding operating conditions and packaging techniques.
120474 - .	-	12	-	-	Learning objectives LEARNING OBJECTIVES The course deals with the main aspects of river basin design. The fundamental hydrological, hydraulic and erosive processes that can occur within a river basin are analysed. The most common types of intervention to be used for an adequate defence of the territory from hydrogeological instability are identified, with particular regard to naturalistic engineering works. Knowledge and understanding The course aims to develop students' knowledge and understanding skills, such as: • knowledge and understanding skills in a field of study at a level that is characterised by the use of advanced textbooks and also includes knowledge of some cutting-edge topics in the field of hydraulic forestry systems; • ability to understand hydrological data. Applied knowledge and understanding The course will enable them to apply knowledge by demonstrating adequate understanding, enabling them, for example: • to apply their knowledge and understanding in a way that demonstrates a professional approach to their work, as well as adequate skills to both devise and support arguments to solve problems in the field of hydraulic forestry systems; • ability to collect hydrological data; • provide a careful examination of hydrological data in relation to flood events, based on observation and analysis. Making judgements The course will allow the development of independent judgement at various levels, such as • hypothesising which causes most influence the occurrence of hydrogeological instability phenomena • propose solutions for the mitigation of hydrogeological instability phenomena Communication skills Attending lectures and/or making independent use of the material provided will facilitate the development and application of communication skills, such as • ability to communicate information, ideas, problems and solutions, on the topics covered, to specialist and non-specialist people; • using appropriate and up-to-date technical vocabulary in the field of hydrology. Learning skills Attending lectures and/or making independent use of the material provided will facilitate the consolidation of one's learning skills, enabling one to, for example • activate a programme of continuous updating of one's knowledge • autonomously identify ways of acquiring information • identify and use the most useful sources of information for personal updating. This learning capacity will be fundamental for undertaking subsequent studies with a high degree of autonomy.
.		6	AGR/08		Learning objectives LEARNING OBJECTIVES The course deals with the main aspects of river basin design. The fundamental hydrological, hydraulic and erosive processes that can occur within a river basin are analysed. The most common types of intervention to be used for an adequate defence of the territory from hydrogeological instability are identified, with particular regard to naturalistic engineering works. Knowledge and understanding The course aims to develop students' knowledge and understanding skills, such as: • knowledge and understanding skills in a field of study at a level that is characterised by the use of advanced textbooks and also includes knowledge of some cutting-edge topics in the field of hydraulic forestry systems; • ability to understand hydrological data. Applied knowledge and understanding The course will enable them to apply knowledge by demonstrating adequate understanding, enabling them, for example: • to apply their knowledge and understanding in a way that demonstrates a professional approach to their work, as well as adequate skills to both devise and support arguments to solve problems in the field of hydraulic forestry systems; • ability to collect hydrological data; • provide a careful examination of hydrological data in relation to flood events, based on observation and analysis. Making judgements The course will allow the development of independent judgement at various levels, such as • hypothesising which causes most influence the occurrence of hydrogeological instability phenomena • propose solutions for the mitigation of hydrogeological instability phenomena Communication skills Attending lectures and/or making independent use of the material provided will facilitate the development and application of communication skills, such as • ability to communicate information, ideas, problems and solutions, on the topics covered, to specialist and non-specialist people; • using appropriate and up-to-date technical vocabulary in the field of hydrology. Learning skills Attending lectures and/or making independent use of the material provided will facilitate the consolidation of one's learning skills, enabling one to, for example • activate a programme of continuous updating of one's knowledge • autonomously identify ways of acquiring information • identify and use the most useful sources of information for personal updating. This learning capacity will be fundamental for undertaking subsequent studies with a high degree of autonomy.
16966 - MONITORING AND DEFENSE OF THE MOUNTAIN ENVIRONMENT	-	12	-	-
ENTOMOLOGIA DEL SISTEMA MONTANO		6	AGR/11		Learning objectives The course "Monitoring and Protection of the Mountain Environment" is structured to provide students with a comprehensive and multidisciplinary education. The goal is to prepare professionals capable of addressing the challenges of phytosanitary protection in mountain environments with competence, responsibility, and innovation. Knowledge and Understanding: • The student will acquire an in-depth understanding of the fundamental principles of monitoring and phytosanitary protection, with particular reference to mountain ecosystems. • Knowledge of the main species of insects and pathogenic organisms present in mountain environments, understanding the interactions between plants, harmful organisms (phytophagous, pathogens, etc.), and beneficial organisms. • Understanding the ecological processes and dynamics that regulate plant health in mountain environments, including biotic and abiotic factors. Applying Knowledge and Understanding: • The student will develop the ability to apply advanced monitoring methodologies for the detection and early diagnosis of phytosanitary issues specific to mountain environments. • They will be able to use tools and techniques for integrated protection to safeguard plant health in mountain contexts, minimizing environmental impact and promoting sustainability. • Apply theoretical knowledge to solve practical and operational problems in phytosanitary management of mountain environments. Making Judgements: • The student will develop critical skills to apply various phytosanitary monitoring and protection strategies, considering the specificities of mountain ecosystems and the socio-environmental impacts of the practices adopted. • They will be able to identify innovative solutions for phytosanitary management, based on scientific data, sustainability criteria, and the peculiarities of mountain environments. Communication Skills: • Acquire the ability to effectively communicate technical and scientific information related to plant health and phytosanitary protection strategies, both to sector specialists and to a non-specialized audience. Learning Skills: • Develop autonomous learning abilities, allowing for continuous updating of knowledge regarding innovative technologies and methods for phytosanitary monitoring and protection. • Encourage a critical and reflective approach to scientific and technical literature, stimulating curiosity and a propensity for continuous research in a rapidly evolving field such as environmental protection in mountain areas.
PATOLOGIA FORESTALE		6	AGR/12		Learning objectives The course "Monitoring and Protection of the Mountain Environment" is structured to provide students with a comprehensive and multidisciplinary education. The goal is to prepare professionals capable of addressing the challenges of phytosanitary protection in mountain environments with competence, responsibility, and innovation. Knowledge and Understanding: • The student will acquire an in-depth understanding of the fundamental principles of monitoring and phytosanitary protection, with particular reference to mountain ecosystems. • Knowledge of the main species of insects and pathogenic organisms present in mountain environments, understanding the interactions between plants, harmful organisms (phytophagous, pathogens, etc.), and beneficial organisms. • Understanding the ecological processes and dynamics that regulate plant health in mountain environments, including biotic and abiotic factors. Applying Knowledge and Understanding: • The student will develop the ability to apply advanced monitoring methodologies for the detection and early diagnosis of phytosanitary issues specific to mountain environments. • They will be able to use tools and techniques for integrated protection to safeguard plant health in mountain contexts, minimizing environmental impact and promoting sustainability. • Apply theoretical knowledge to solve practical and operational problems in phytosanitary management of mountain environments. Making Judgements: • The student will develop critical skills to apply various phytosanitary monitoring and protection strategies, considering the specificities of mountain ecosystems and the socio-environmental impacts of the practices adopted. • They will be able to identify innovative solutions for phytosanitary management, based on scientific data, sustainability criteria, and the peculiarities of mountain environments. Communication Skills: • Acquire the ability to effectively communicate technical and scientific information related to plant health and phytosanitary protection strategies, both to sector specialists and to a non-specialized audience. Learning Skills: • Develop autonomous learning abilities, allowing for continuous updating of knowledge regarding innovative technologies and methods for phytosanitary monitoring and protection. • Encourage a critical and reflective approach to scientific and technical literature, stimulating curiosity and a propensity for continuous research in a rapidly evolving field such as environmental protection in mountain areas.
119257 - FRUTTICOLTURA IN AMBIENTE MONTANO	Second Semester	6	AGR/03		Learning objectives LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND LEARNING OUTCOMES The educational objectives of the course Fruit Growing in Mountainous Environments are: (i) to provide elements on the morpho-anatomical structure of the fruit tree and the functions of the different vegetative and reproductive organs of the plant (ii) propagation techniques of fruit species; (iii) seasonal ecophysiology of the fruit plant and related endogenous and exogenous regulation mechanisms (bud dormancy, endogenous plant hormones and exogenous phytoregulators, photosynthesis and respiration, source-sink relationships,) (iii) fruit growth, ripening, harvesting and storage; (iv) orchard design, implementation and sustainable management with special reference to tree crops for mountain environment; (v) monographic study of fruit trees suitable for cultivation in mountain environment; (vi) notes of digital applications to the orchard. Knowledge and ability to understand: the student must demonstrate knowledge and understanding of: (i) the morpho-anatomical structure of an arboreal fruit plant (crown/roots; scion/graft) and the main propagation techniques; (ii) role and functions of the different organs of the plant including organographic recognition of the different fruit species; (iii) endogenous and exogenous regulatory mechanisms of the plant; (iv) elements of plant ecophysiology; (v) elements of post-harvest physiology and fruit ripening indices; (vi) vegetative and reproductive biology, vegetative growth, types of fruit set, fruit types and relative growth, fruit composition of the main tree species with particular reference to types suitable for cultivation in mountainous environments; (vii) sustainable orchard design, implementation and management including digital applications for monitoring and management 4. 0 of the orchard. Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: the student should use the knowledge acquired to: (i) fully describe a perennial fruit plant; (ii) describe the relationships and interactions between the different organs of the plant; (iii) understand which factors endogenous and exogenous to the plant can be limiting for growth and production; (iv) evaluate the possible metabolic criticalities deriving from the plant's vegetative-productive processes in relation to the pedoclimatic environment and to the cultivation technique applied; (v) ability to design, implement and manage an orchard in a sustainable manner, also by means of digital applications; (vii) assessing the optimal harvest time through the use of indices of the technological quality of the fruit, in particular for fruit trees suitable for cultivation in mountainous environments. Autonomy of judgement: the student must be able to evaluate autonomously in order to: (i) diagnose possible misalignments from the general model of perennial fruit plant and indicate possible corrective interventions; (ii) evaluate the relationships and interactions between the different plant organs and intervene for their possible modification; (iii) evaluate the factors internal and external to the plant limiting the seasonal vegetative-productive activity and possible corrective interventions (iv) knowing how to design and manage an orchard according to the criteria of environmental sustainability and digital applications; (v) evaluating the factors limiting the plant's primary metabolism (photosynthesis and respiration) for their possible removal; (vi) evaluating the optimal time of fruit harvesting through the use of ripening indices. Communication skills: the student must have the ability to explain acquired knowledge in simple and exhaustive manner even to non-expert audiences; he/she must be able to present original papers and manuscripts using the Italian or foreign language in an appropriate and correct manner. Learning ability: the student must have the ability to keep up to date by means of keyword searches and consultation of texts, bibliographic databases, scientific publications of national and international relevance in order to participate profitably in upgrade courses, seminars, conferences, masters courses etc..
17892 - .	Second Semester	5

Learning objectives

With the theorical and the practical preparation of the course and after the final exam, the student will be able to define the framework of the environmental context of the cryosphere (Glacier, snow and permafrost) in mountain areas, including features and potential risks, and to organize knowledge and data for eventual solutions and interventions. From the practical point ov view a special attention (with a deep programme of theoric and practical exercises) will be devoted to snow surveys and related methodologies and sinthetic outcomes, in particular, snow stratigraphy and snow on the ground profile. Fundamental priciples of geomorphology of mountain environment will be introduced, coupled to the study and recognising/survey, in the framework of global warming, of landforms and effects.
In particular, applying knowledge and understanding, communication and learning skills will be verified.

CHOICE GROUPS	YEAR/SEMESTER	CFU	SSD	LANGUAGE
A SCELTA DELLO STUDENTE	-		-	-
17009 - ENGLISH LANGUAGE B2	First Year / First Semester	6
120088 - NIVOLOGIA E GLACIOLOGIA	First Year / First Semester	6	GEO/04
120087 - EMERGENZE E SOCCORSO IN MONTAGNA	First Year / First Semester	6	MED/45
120458 - ZOOTECNIA E PRODOTTI TIPICI DELLE AREE MONTANE	First Year / First Semester	6	AGR/18

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yt.innertube::requests	never	YouTube sets this cookie to register a unique ID to store data on what videos from YouTube the user has seen.

Cookie	Duration	Description
_ga	1 year 1 month 4 days	Google Analytics sets this cookie to calculate visitor, session and campaign data and track site usage for the site's analytics report. The cookie stores information anonymously and assigns a randomly generated number to recognise unique visitors.
_ga_*	1 year 1 month 4 days	Google Analytics sets this cookie to store and count page views.

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