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General Info

SUBJECT SEMESTER CFU SSD LANGUAGE
119134 - SECURITY AND INDIVIDUAL LIBERTIES IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE

 		First Semester 6 IUS/09 eng

Learning objectives

Knowledge and understanding
Knowledge of the main institutions of comparative public law, with particular attention to the history
of the modern state and of constitutionalism, as well as to the concrete operation of the legal
guarantees of rights and liberties.
Applying knowledge and understanding
Ability to locate relevant legislative, bibliographic, and case-law materials and to employ them in
framing legal problems. Ability to address the main issues that arise within different legal and
institutional systems, with particular attention to the protection of liberties and rights. Ability to identify
and appropriately select leading doctrinal and jurisprudential interpretations of the relevant norms, with
attention to how these legal formants operate across different states.

Making judgements
Attentiveness to the interpretation of positive law and to the interaction among law, politics, and social
and economic factors, with the capacity to discern independently their respective modes of operation.
Communication skills
Ability to draft documents and analytical reports on topics covered in the course, demonstrating a clear
understanding of the relevant legal norms.
Ability to present complex arguments on course topics clearly and effectively in academic and
professional settings, including by participating in discussions and debates, defending one’s positions
with robust legal reasoning, and responding appropriately to objections and questions.
Learning skills
To foster students’ interest in the subject, encouraging their engagement and attentiveness in the study
of both general themes and specific issues.
121181 - INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY OF SECURITY

 		First Semester 6 SPS/07 ENG

Learning objectives

The course aims to illustrate and analyse the legal framework of different forms of human mobility in and towards the European Union by adopting a relational approach to the interplay between the legal status of third-country nationals (TCNs) within the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ) and the regulation related to the management of the EU internal/external borders. The implications from the perspective of rights holders, including their fundamental rights, will be assessed and discussed.
D2 - Applied knowledge and understanding
By linking the treatment of aliens within the AFSJ and the integrated management of the EU and Member States borders, students will acquire concrete knowledge and practical understanding of how the latter affects the fragmentation of the legal status of TCNs within the former, and will reconstruct a taxonomy of migratory conditions, ranging from the genuine mobility status enjoyed by EU citizens and their family members to the purely non-mobile status imposed on asylum seekers.
D3 - Autonomy of judgement
The course follows a seminar methodology and is intended to be interactive. Therefore, active participation will be strongly encouraged. Examples and references to leading case law will be provided in order to stimulate debate and exchange of views among the students. At the end of the course, students will be able to rework and make the acquired notions their own, as well as to develop the aptitude for a learning method that is not mnemonic, but based on the ability to critically analyse and construct logical connections between the various aspects of the discipline.
D4 - Communication skills
At the end of the course, students will have learned the technical-legal language of European migration law and policy and its specificities, thus being able to expound the acquired knowledge in an appropriate manner. Communication skills will also be developed through the promotion of a constant dialogue between lecturer and learners, making the latter the protagonists of frontal teaching.
D5 - Ability to learn
At the end of the course, students are expected to have developed a method of learning the legal phenomena addressed and of arguing the theses set out that is suitable for understanding the complex legal issues dealt with in the course, enabling them to independently formulate legally and logically valid solutions.
121270 - LIBERTY AND SECURITY IN HISTORICAL AND PHILOPOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES - 9 - -

Learning objectives

1) Knowledge and understanding: with the support of advanced textbooks and material
distributed and analysed during lessons, gain knowledge of some of the most significant
historical and philosophical turning points impacting the freedom/security nexus.
2) Applied knowledge and understanding: devise and support arguments on the main
historical and philosophical developments of the freedom/security dichotomy between the
Middle Ages and Modernity in Europe and America.
3) Making judgment: collect and interpret relevant data on the different cultures of freedom
that each historical context examined has developed over time in relation to the needs of
individual and collective security, with particular attention to the legal specificity underlying each
of these cultures.
4) Communication skills: communicating information, ideas, doubts, problems, and possible
solutions to the numerous challenges and unknowns that our globalized and digitized present has
inherited from the different historical-philosophical cultures on the freedom/security nexus.
5) Learning skills: Having developed, in the specific historical-legal field, the skills necessary to
undertake further studies and in-depth analysis with a high degree of autonomy.
LIBERTY AND SECURITY IN HISTORICAL AND PHILOPOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES First Semester 6 IUS/19 ENG

Learning objectives

1) Knowledge and understanding: with the support of advanced textbooks and material
distributed and analysed during lessons, gain knowledge of some of the most significant
historical and philosophical turning points impacting the freedom/security nexus.
2) Applied knowledge and understanding: devise and support arguments on the main
historical and philosophical developments of the freedom/security dichotomy between the
Middle Ages and Modernity in Europe and America.
3) Making judgment: collect and interpret relevant data on the different cultures of freedom
that each historical context examined has developed over time in relation to the needs of
individual and collective security, with particular attention to the legal specificity underlying each
of these cultures.
4) Communication skills: communicating information, ideas, doubts, problems, and possible
solutions to the numerous challenges and unknowns that our globalized and digitized present has
inherited from the different historical-philosophical cultures on the freedom/security nexus.
5) Learning skills: Having developed, in the specific historical-legal field, the skills necessary to
undertake further studies and in-depth analysis with a high degree of autonomy.
LIBERTY AND SECURITY IN HISTORICAL AND PHILOPOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES First Semester 3 SPS/01 ENG

Learning objectives

1) Knowledge and understanding: with the support of advanced textbooks and material
distributed and analysed during lessons, gain knowledge of some of the most significant
historical and philosophical turning points impacting the freedom/security nexus.
2) Applied knowledge and understanding: devise and support arguments on the main
historical and philosophical developments of the freedom/security dichotomy between the
Middle Ages and Modernity in Europe and America.
3) Making judgment: collect and interpret relevant data on the different cultures of freedom
that each historical context examined has developed over time in relation to the needs of
individual and collective security, with particular attention to the legal specificity underlying each
of these cultures.
4) Communication skills: communicating information, ideas, doubts, problems, and possible
solutions to the numerous challenges and unknowns that our globalized and digitized present has
inherited from the different historical-philosophical cultures on the freedom/security nexus.
5) Learning skills: Having developed, in the specific historical-legal field, the skills necessary to
undertake further studies and in-depth analysis with a high degree of autonomy.
ONE SUBJECT OF YOUR CHOICE FROM: SUSTAINABILITY AND GLOBAL THREATS, DIGITAL EVIDENCE AND HUMAN RIGHTS, HUMAN RIGHTS AND SECURITY IN EU CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION - - - -
SUSTAINABILITY AND GLOBAL THREATS First Semester 3 SPS/03 ENG

Learning objectives

1) Knowledge and understanding: with the support of advanced textbooks and material
distributed and analysed during lessons, gain knowledge of some of the most significant
historical and philosophical turning points impacting the freedom/security nexus.
2) Applied knowledge and understanding: devise and support arguments on the main
historical and philosophical developments of the freedom/security dichotomy between the
Middle Ages and Modernity in Europe and America.
3) Making judgment: collect and interpret relevant data on the different cultures of freedom
that each historical context examined has developed over time in relation to the needs of
individual and collective security, with particular attention to the legal specificity underlying each
of these cultures.
4) Communication skills: communicating information, ideas, doubts, problems, and possible
solutions to the numerous challenges and unknowns that our globalized and digitized present has
inherited from the different historical-philosophical cultures on the freedom/security nexus.
5) Learning skills: Having developed, in the specific historical-legal field, the skills necessary to
undertake further studies and in-depth analysis with a high degree of autonomy.
DIGITAL EVIDENCE AND HUMAN RIGHTS First Semester 6 IUS/15 ENG

Learning objectives

The course focuses on the aspects of digital evidence that may be incompatible with individual human rights guarantees (in both the domestic, and EU law, and not EU law), such as privacy and social relationships, focusing on civil procedural law. The course further aims at providing practical knowledge for the acquisition of digital evidence in compliance with human rights.

Knowledge and Understanding
At the end of the course students are expected to have acquired full knowledge and understanding of the framework of issues relating to digital evidence and their interaction with individual human rights guarantees, at the different legal system in which their protection is articulated.

Applying knowledge and understanding
At the end of the course students are expected on one side to have acquired the skills to interpret the digital evidence law sources and to make links between the relevant institutions and on the other side to have acquired the understanding of the doctrinal and jurisprudential opinions on the main issues in digital evidence. With reference to this learning objective, supplementary didactics and directed studies will be provided.

Making judgements
At the end of the course students are expected to have acquired both skills of making judgements about the application of the main procedural and substantive institutions involved in the taking of evidence, in the different legal systems analysed. With reference to this learning objective, supplementary didactics and directed study will be provided.

Communication skills
At the end of the course students are expected to be able to communicate the acquired knowledges using the specific language so as to be understood also by specialized counterparties and consultants.

Learning skills
At the end of the course students are expected to be able to carry on with digital evidence studies and to orientate themselves also dealing with the changing of civil procedure rules.
HUMAN RIGHTS AND SECURITY IN EU CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS First Semester 6 IUS/16 ENG

Learning objectives

The course offers an overview of the development of the European Area of Freedom, Security and Justice, discussing its fundamental principles. Particular attention will be devoted to the study of European sources safeguarding human rights in criminal proceedings.
The interplay and conflict between human rights and security, particularly at the investigative stage, will emerge through the direct analysis of concrete cases and the study of the main issues underlying the EU Directives on procedural safeguards in criminal proceedings.
1. Knowledge and understanding
By the end of the course, students will have gained an in-depth understanding of the development of the European Area of Freedom, Security and Justice, with particular focus on its fundamental principles and on the role of European sources in safeguarding human rights in criminal proceedings. They will also understand the functioning and powers of the main European Courts, as well as the interactions between the European Union and the Council of Europe systems.
2. Applying knowledge and understanding
Students will be able to apply the acquired knowledge to the analysis of concrete cases in European criminal law, assessing the practical implications of EU Directives on procedural rights and of key decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights. Through group work and presentations, they will develop the ability to interpret legal norms and judgments in complex contexts, identifying reasoned and coherent solutions.
3. Making judgments
The course will foster critical thinking and independent judgment in analyzing the interplay between human rights and security, especially during the investigative stage of criminal proceedings. Students will be encouraged to formulate independent evaluations on the effectiveness and limitations of fundamental rights protection within the European multilevel system.
4. Communication Skills
Through oral presentations and case discussions, students will develop advanced legal communication skills, learning to present and defend complex legal arguments clearly, rigorously, and coherently.
5. Learning skills
Students will acquire methodological tools for the independent analysis of European and international legal texts, developing the ability to keep up to date with the evolution of European criminal law case-law and legislation. The preparation of a final glossary of key terms will help consolidate an appropriate legal vocabulary.
121171 - THE GLOBAL GOVERNANCE OF INTERNATIONAL SECURITY

 		Second Semester 9 IUS/13 ENG

Learning objectives

The course aims to provide students with in-depth knowledge of global governance of
international security. The first part of the course focuses on international legal norms in the
field of security, in particular those relating to the use of force, the role of international organizations
in the field of security, the regulation of armed conflicts, and
international criminal responsibility. The second part of the course involves the application of the rules studied to concrete cases with the active involvement of students.

D1 - Knowledge and understanding
The course aims to provide students with knowledge and understanding of the following
issues:
1. The relevance of international law in the regulation of international security
2. Developments relating to the concept of security in international law and their legal effects
3. The role of international organizations in ensuring international security
4. The new role of international courts and tribunals in the field of security

D2 - Applying knowledge and understanding
At the end of the course, students should be able to:
1. find judgments of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, the
European Court of Human Rights, analyze them, and interpret them by correctly identifying their rationale;
2. find and analyze, including critically, a judicial decision of the International Court of Justice, the International Criminal Court, and the European Court of Human Rights.

D3 - Making judgments
At the end of the course, students should be able to resolve concrete cases in light of the legal concepts learned and to interpret current events in light of international law
121182 - CRIMINAL LAW AND GLOBAL THREATS

 		Second Semester 9 IUS/17 ENG

Learning objectives

D1 – Knowledge and Understanding:
The course aims to provide students with an in-depth understanding of the criminal law
responses to the challenges posed by crime in the global context, with particular attention
to international crimes and transnational criminal phenomena. Focusing on current issues
under debate and drawing on relevant case law, the course seeks to develop students’
capacity for comprehension and critical analysis of the strategies of prevention and
repression adopted at the national, supranational, and international levels, assessing their
evolution and consistency with the fundamental principles of criminal law.
D2 – Applied knowledge and understanding:
By the end of the course, students will be able to apply their acquired knowledge critically
to analyze the main forms of international and transnational criminality, identifying the most
appropriate legal instruments and counter-strategies for different contexts. They will be
able to interpret and assess the criminal law responses adopted, linking theoretical
aspects to practical cases and developing sound legal reasoning and problem-solving
skills consistent with the fundamental principles of criminal law.
D3 - Autonomy of judgement:
The course adopts a seminar-based and highly interactive approach aimed at promoting
active participation and critical engagement. The analysis of case studies and judicial
decisions will be used to encourage both individual and collective reflection. By the end of
the course, students will be able to independently re-elaborate the acquired knowledge,
demonstrating the ability to critically assess the various aspects of the discipline and to
formulate well-founded and coherent legal judgments.
D4 - Communication skills
Upon completion of the course, students will have acquired proficiency in the technical and
legal language of criminal law, with particular reference to its international and
transnational dimensions. They will be able to present their knowledge and analyses
clearly and coherently, both in written and oral form, and to engage effectively in academic
discussion. The dialogical and participatory teaching approach will foster the development
of effective communication skills suitable for both academic and professional contexts.
D5 – Ability to learn:
The course aims to foster the development of a learning method based on critical
understanding of legal phenomena and autonomous elaboration of knowledge. By the end
of the course, students should be able to address complex issues of international and
transnational criminal law in a structured and informed manner, demonstrating the ability to
synthesize information, pursue continuous self-directed learning, and formulate logically
and legally sound solutions.
RELATED OR SUPPLEMENTARY EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES FOR A TOTAL OF 8 CFU - - - -
STAGE First Semester 8 eng
SUMMER TRAINING SCHOOL First Semester 8 eng
ERASMUS TRAINEESHIP First Semester 8 ENG
119161 - LANGUAGE ABILITY

 		Second Semester 8 eng
121269 - CONFERENCES AND SEMINARS

 		Second Semester 4 ENG
SUBJECT SEMESTER CFU SSD LANGUAGE
121267 - HUMAN MOBILITY AND THE EUROPEAN BORDER REGIME

 		First Semester 9 IUS/14 ENG

Learning objectives

The course aims to illustrate and analyse the legal framework of different forms of human mobility in and towards the European Union by adopting a relational approach to the interplay between the legal status of third-country nationals (TCNs) within the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ) and the regulation related to the management of the EU's internal/external borders. The implications from the perspective of rights holders, including their fundamental rights, will be assessed and discussed.
D2 - Applied knowledge and understanding By linking the treatment of aliens within the AFSJ and the integrated management of the EU and Member States' borders, students will acquire concrete knowledge and practical understanding of how the latter affects the fragmentation of the legal status of TCNs within the former, and will
reconstruct a taxonomy of migratory conditions, ranging from the genuine mobility status enjoyed by EU citizens and their family members to the purely non-mobile status imposed on asylum seekers.
D3 - Autonomy of judgement
The course follows a seminar methodology and is intended to be interactive. Therefore, active participation will be strongly encouraged. Examples and references to leading case law will be provided in order to stimulate debate and exchange of views among the students. At the end of the course, students will be able to rework and make the acquired notions their own, as well as to develop the aptitude for a learning method that is not mnemonic, but based on the ability to critically analyse and construct logical connections between the various aspects of the discipline.
D4 - Communication skills
At the end of the course, students will have learned the technical-legal language of European migration law and policy and its specificities, thus being able to expound the acquired knowledge in an appropriate manner. Communication skills will also be developed through the promotion of a constant dialogue between lecturer and learners, making the latter the protagonists of frontal teaching.
D5 - Ability to learn
At the end of the course, students are expected to have developed a method of learning the legal phenomena addressed and of arguing the theses set out that is suitable for understanding the complex legal issues dealt with in the course, enabling them to independently formulate legally and logically valid solutions.
121250 - THE EXTERNAL DIMENSION OF EU MIGRATION AND ASYLUM POLICIES

 		First Semester 6 IUS/14 ENG

Learning objectives

D1–Knowledge and understanding
Students will acquire an in-depth understanding of the external dimension of EU migration and
asylum policies, including the legal framework, institutional actors and geopolitical dynamics
shaping cooperation with third countries, border control strategies and the implications for human
rights protection.

D2 – Applied knowledge and understanding
Students will be able to analyse and interpret concrete cases, international agreements, operational
programmes and policy tools (such as EU–third country partnerships and Frontex activities). They
will be able to apply theoretical concepts to real-world situations and assess the legal and political
consequences of policy choices.
D3 – Autonomy of judgement
Students will develop the ability to formulate critical and independent evaluations on EU migration
governance, recognising tensions between security-driven approaches, fundamental rights and
international obligations.
D4 – Communication skills
Students will be able to present and discuss complex topics clearly and coherently, both orally and in
writing, using appropriate terminology and argumentative structure suitable for academic and
institutional contexts.
D5 – Ability to learn
Students will strengthen their capacity for independent research and continuous learning, identifying
and using normative sources, institutional documents, data and academic literature to critically
monitor and interpret the evolving dynamics of EU migration and asylum policies.
ELECTIVE COURSES - - - -
ELECTIVE COURSES Second Semester 6 eng
ELECTIVE COURSES Second Semester 12 eng
ELECTIVE COURSES Second Semester 6 eng
121233 - FINAL EXAM

 		Second Semester 10 ENG
ONE SUBJECT OF YOUR CHOICE FROM: BORDERS OF SOCIAL LABOUR RIGHTS IN EUROPE, MIGRATION AND INTEGRATION POLICIES IN POST - WAR EUROPE, HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF CITIZENSHIP - - - -
BORDERS OF SOCIAL AND LABOUR RIGHTS IN EUROPE Second Semester 6 IUS/07 ENG

Learning objectives

The course aims to provide students with the basics of social rights and workers' rights in the European Union. Particular attention will be dedicated to general principles and second-level legislation.
At the end of the course, students will therefore be required to demonstrate that they have:
• Knowledge and understanding: a good knowledge of the topics covered during the course and sufficient mastery of the European regulatory sources governing the subject.
• Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: students must be able to rework the topics covered during the course in order to apply the knowledge acquired to identify possible solutions to problems arising from the rapid evolution of European labor law.
• Independent judgment: students must be able to evaluate practical cases in order to integrate the knowledge acquired and formulate judgments.
• Communication skills: students must be able to clearly explain the concepts learned and must be able to use the technical language of the subject correctly.
• Learning skills: students must demonstrate that they have developed learning skills that enable them to keep up to date through the study of European case law.
MIGRATION AND INTEGRATION POLICIES IN POST - WAR EUROPE Second Semester 6 M-STO/04 ENG

Learning objectives

Knowledge and understanding
The course provides an in-depth historical understanding of migration processes in Europe from the post-war period to the present. Students will acquire knowledge of the evolution of reception, integration and citizenship policies, border management, and the development of European and national institutional frameworks.
Attention is also devoted to public narratives, media representations, and the use of archival, institutional and audiovisual sources.
Applying knowledge and understanding
Students will acquire the ability to:
– identify, interpret and critically use historical sources, institutional documents, legal texts and materials produced by international organisations;
– apply analytical concepts to understand the historical, political and social dimensions of migration;
– compare migration and integration policies across different European states and the EU, assessing patterns of divergence and convergence.

Making judgements
The course enhances the ability to critically evaluate migration policy-making, the evolution of institutional responses, and the cultural or media constructions surrounding migration.
Students are encouraged to assess policy impacts on host societies and on the rights, trajectories and experiences of migrants.
Communication skills
Students will develop the ability to:
– present oral and written analyses on European migration and integration policies;
– synthesise complex information and articulate coherent arguments;
– use appropriate terminology from contemporary history, public policy analysis and institutional communication.
Learning skills
The course aims to promote autonomous and critical learning, encouraging students to link historical knowledge with present-day debates.
Students will be supported in developing the ability to engage independently with sources, research materials and international documentation for future study.
HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF CITIZENSHIP Second Semester 3 IUS/19 ENG

Learning objectives

D1 - Knowledge and understanding
The main learning objective is to provide students, through a critical approach, with the acquisition of a sound knowledge of the most relevant topics, categories and authors of legal philosophy relating to citizenship. Through the knowledge acquired, students will be able to develop a specific sensitiveness to the interpretation of “citizenship” within legal philosophy, bearing in mind both fundamental legal notions and its development in relation to subjects and contexts
D2 - Applying knowledge and understanding
At the end of the course, students will be able to interpret the main theories of citizenship and apply them to contemporary cases in a variety of contexts, by understanding their implications in concrete cases from a perspective of “law in action”

D3 - Making judgements
By the end of the course, students will be able to autonomously elaborate the acquired notions, as well as to develop critical judgement skills, through the examination of key concepts of legal-philosophical reflection related to citizenship

D4 - Communication skills
By the end of the course, students will have developed terminological accuracy related to the legal and philosophical notions and the ability to communicate in English in public, in particular, having learned to present the acquired knowledge (referred to in points D1 and D2) with an appropriate language. By learning the notions of theoretical and legal-philosophical language, students will be able to communicate content of specific meaning in the legal field
D5 - Learning skills
By the end of the course, students will have acquired the ability to develop arguments suitable for supporting theses on the topics covered within the course and to acquire the proper instruments for an autonomous and adequate updating
121173 - HISTORY OF FOREIGN POLITICS AND EUROPEAN SECURITY

 		Second Semester 6 SPS/06 ENG

Learning objectives

Knowledge and understanding
Knowledge of the history of the integration process and the evolution of the European Union's foreign and defense policy from the Maastricht Treaty to the Lisbon Treaty, up to the current international context and the public debate on the EU's role in the global world.
Applying knowledge and understanding
Ability to navigate bibliographical, archival, printed, and audiovisual sources regarding the history of the integration process and European foreign and security policy, including an interdisciplinary focus on international and EU law.
Making judgements
Pay attention to the historiographical discussion on the role of the European Union in the Cold War era and to the public debate on EU foreign and security policy in the current international context.
Communication skills
Ability to write scientific texts and analytical reports on topics related to the course and to present the results of one’s in-depth work in the classroom and in a public context.
Learning skills
The primary objective is to spark students’ interest in the subject and in further study, while recognizing the limitations and potential of the European Union’s foreign and security policy in the current international landscape.
121251 - EU ASYLUM LAW: IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES

 		Second Semester 6 IUS/10 ENG

Learning objectives

The course aims to provide students with advanced knowledge of the purposes (why), responsibilities (who), and methods (how) of protecting asylum seekers in the European Union. The course takes into account international and European standards, with a predominant focus on the Common European Asylum System (CEAS).
At the end of the course, students will be required to demonstrate:
• Knowledge and understanding: a good knowledge of the topics covered during the course and sufficient mastery of the European regulatory sources governing the subject.
• Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: students must be able to rework the topics covered during the course in order to apply the knowledge acquired to identify possible solutions to the problems arising from the rapid evolution of European asylum law.
• Independent judgment: students must be able to evaluate practical cases in order to integrate the knowledge acquired and formulate judgments.
• Communication skills: students must clearly explain the concepts learned and be able to correctly use the technical language of the subject.
• Learning skills: students must demonstrate that they have developed learning skills that enable them to continuously update their knowledge through the study of European case law.

Learning objectives

1) Knowledge and understanding: with the support of advanced textbooks and material
distributed and analysed during lessons, gain knowledge of some of the most significant
historical and philosophical turning points impacting the freedom/security nexus.
2) Applied knowledge and understanding: devise and support arguments on the main
historical and philosophical developments of the freedom/security dichotomy between the
Middle Ages and Modernity in Europe and America.
3) Making judgment: collect and interpret relevant data on the different cultures of freedom
that each historical context examined has developed over time in relation to the needs of
individual and collective security, with particular attention to the legal specificity underlying each
of these cultures.
4) Communication skills: communicating information, ideas, doubts, problems, and possible
solutions to the numerous challenges and unknowns that our globalized and digitized present has
inherited from the different historical-philosophical cultures on the freedom/security nexus.
5) Learning skills: Having developed, in the specific historical-legal field, the skills necessary to
undertake further studies and in-depth analysis with a high degree of autonomy.

Learning objectives

1) Knowledge and understanding: with the support of advanced textbooks and material
distributed and analysed during lessons, gain knowledge of some of the most significant
historical and philosophical turning points impacting the freedom/security nexus.
2) Applied knowledge and understanding: devise and support arguments on the main
historical and philosophical developments of the freedom/security dichotomy between the
Middle Ages and Modernity in Europe and America.
3) Making judgment: collect and interpret relevant data on the different cultures of freedom
that each historical context examined has developed over time in relation to the needs of
individual and collective security, with particular attention to the legal specificity underlying each
of these cultures.
4) Communication skills: communicating information, ideas, doubts, problems, and possible
solutions to the numerous challenges and unknowns that our globalized and digitized present has
inherited from the different historical-philosophical cultures on the freedom/security nexus.
5) Learning skills: Having developed, in the specific historical-legal field, the skills necessary to
undertake further studies and in-depth analysis with a high degree of autonomy.

Learning objectives

1) Knowledge and understanding: with the support of advanced textbooks and material
distributed and analysed during lessons, gain knowledge of some of the most significant
historical and philosophical turning points impacting the freedom/security nexus.
2) Applied knowledge and understanding: devise and support arguments on the main
historical and philosophical developments of the freedom/security dichotomy between the
Middle Ages and Modernity in Europe and America.
3) Making judgment: collect and interpret relevant data on the different cultures of freedom
that each historical context examined has developed over time in relation to the needs of
individual and collective security, with particular attention to the legal specificity underlying each
of these cultures.
4) Communication skills: communicating information, ideas, doubts, problems, and possible
solutions to the numerous challenges and unknowns that our globalized and digitized present has
inherited from the different historical-philosophical cultures on the freedom/security nexus.
5) Learning skills: Having developed, in the specific historical-legal field, the skills necessary to
undertake further studies and in-depth analysis with a high degree of autonomy.

Learning objectives

The course focuses on the aspects of digital evidence that may be incompatible with individual human rights guarantees (in both the domestic, and EU law, and not EU law), such as privacy and social relationships, focusing on civil procedural law. The course further aims at providing practical knowledge for the acquisition of digital evidence in compliance with human rights.

Knowledge and Understanding
At the end of the course students are expected to have acquired full knowledge and understanding of the framework of issues relating to digital evidence and their interaction with individual human rights guarantees, at the different legal system in which their protection is articulated.

Applying knowledge and understanding
At the end of the course students are expected on one side to have acquired the skills to interpret the digital evidence law sources and to make links between the relevant institutions and on the other side to have acquired the understanding of the doctrinal and jurisprudential opinions on the main issues in digital evidence. With reference to this learning objective, supplementary didactics and directed studies will be provided.

Making judgements
At the end of the course students are expected to have acquired both skills of making judgements about the application of the main procedural and substantive institutions involved in the taking of evidence, in the different legal systems analysed. With reference to this learning objective, supplementary didactics and directed study will be provided.

Communication skills
At the end of the course students are expected to be able to communicate the acquired knowledges using the specific language so as to be understood also by specialized counterparties and consultants.

Learning skills
At the end of the course students are expected to be able to carry on with digital evidence studies and to orientate themselves also dealing with the changing of civil procedure rules.

Learning objectives

The course offers an overview of the development of the European Area of Freedom, Security and Justice, discussing its fundamental principles. Particular attention will be devoted to the study of European sources safeguarding human rights in criminal proceedings.
The interplay and conflict between human rights and security, particularly at the investigative stage, will emerge through the direct analysis of concrete cases and the study of the main issues underlying the EU Directives on procedural safeguards in criminal proceedings.
1. Knowledge and understanding
By the end of the course, students will have gained an in-depth understanding of the development of the European Area of Freedom, Security and Justice, with particular focus on its fundamental principles and on the role of European sources in safeguarding human rights in criminal proceedings. They will also understand the functioning and powers of the main European Courts, as well as the interactions between the European Union and the Council of Europe systems.
2. Applying knowledge and understanding
Students will be able to apply the acquired knowledge to the analysis of concrete cases in European criminal law, assessing the practical implications of EU Directives on procedural rights and of key decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights. Through group work and presentations, they will develop the ability to interpret legal norms and judgments in complex contexts, identifying reasoned and coherent solutions.
3. Making judgments
The course will foster critical thinking and independent judgment in analyzing the interplay between human rights and security, especially during the investigative stage of criminal proceedings. Students will be encouraged to formulate independent evaluations on the effectiveness and limitations of fundamental rights protection within the European multilevel system.
4. Communication Skills
Through oral presentations and case discussions, students will develop advanced legal communication skills, learning to present and defend complex legal arguments clearly, rigorously, and coherently.
5. Learning skills
Students will acquire methodological tools for the independent analysis of European and international legal texts, developing the ability to keep up to date with the evolution of European criminal law case-law and legislation. The preparation of a final glossary of key terms will help consolidate an appropriate legal vocabulary.

Learning objectives

The course aims to provide students with the basics of social rights and workers' rights in the European Union. Particular attention will be dedicated to general principles and second-level legislation.
At the end of the course, students will therefore be required to demonstrate that they have:
• Knowledge and understanding: a good knowledge of the topics covered during the course and sufficient mastery of the European regulatory sources governing the subject.
• Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: students must be able to rework the topics covered during the course in order to apply the knowledge acquired to identify possible solutions to problems arising from the rapid evolution of European labor law.
• Independent judgment: students must be able to evaluate practical cases in order to integrate the knowledge acquired and formulate judgments.
• Communication skills: students must be able to clearly explain the concepts learned and must be able to use the technical language of the subject correctly.
• Learning skills: students must demonstrate that they have developed learning skills that enable them to keep up to date through the study of European case law.

Learning objectives

Knowledge and understanding
The course provides an in-depth historical understanding of migration processes in Europe from the post-war period to the present. Students will acquire knowledge of the evolution of reception, integration and citizenship policies, border management, and the development of European and national institutional frameworks.
Attention is also devoted to public narratives, media representations, and the use of archival, institutional and audiovisual sources.
Applying knowledge and understanding
Students will acquire the ability to:
– identify, interpret and critically use historical sources, institutional documents, legal texts and materials produced by international organisations;
– apply analytical concepts to understand the historical, political and social dimensions of migration;
– compare migration and integration policies across different European states and the EU, assessing patterns of divergence and convergence.

Making judgements
The course enhances the ability to critically evaluate migration policy-making, the evolution of institutional responses, and the cultural or media constructions surrounding migration.
Students are encouraged to assess policy impacts on host societies and on the rights, trajectories and experiences of migrants.
Communication skills
Students will develop the ability to:
– present oral and written analyses on European migration and integration policies;
– synthesise complex information and articulate coherent arguments;
– use appropriate terminology from contemporary history, public policy analysis and institutional communication.
Learning skills
The course aims to promote autonomous and critical learning, encouraging students to link historical knowledge with present-day debates.
Students will be supported in developing the ability to engage independently with sources, research materials and international documentation for future study.

Learning objectives

D1 - Knowledge and understanding
The main learning objective is to provide students, through a critical approach, with the acquisition of a sound knowledge of the most relevant topics, categories and authors of legal philosophy relating to citizenship. Through the knowledge acquired, students will be able to develop a specific sensitiveness to the interpretation of “citizenship” within legal philosophy, bearing in mind both fundamental legal notions and its development in relation to subjects and contexts
D2 - Applying knowledge and understanding
At the end of the course, students will be able to interpret the main theories of citizenship and apply them to contemporary cases in a variety of contexts, by understanding their implications in concrete cases from a perspective of “law in action”

D3 - Making judgements
By the end of the course, students will be able to autonomously elaborate the acquired notions, as well as to develop critical judgement skills, through the examination of key concepts of legal-philosophical reflection related to citizenship

D4 - Communication skills
By the end of the course, students will have developed terminological accuracy related to the legal and philosophical notions and the ability to communicate in English in public, in particular, having learned to present the acquired knowledge (referred to in points D1 and D2) with an appropriate language. By learning the notions of theoretical and legal-philosophical language, students will be able to communicate content of specific meaning in the legal field
D5 - Learning skills
By the end of the course, students will have acquired the ability to develop arguments suitable for supporting theses on the topics covered within the course and to acquire the proper instruments for an autonomous and adequate updating

Learning objectives

D1 - Knowledge and understanding
The main learning objective is to provide students, through a critical approach, with the acquisition of a sound knowledge of the most relevant topics, categories and authors of legal philosophy relating to citizenship. Through the knowledge acquired, students will be able to develop a specific sensitiveness to the interpretation of “citizenship” within legal philosophy, bearing in mind both fundamental legal notions and its development in relation to subjects and contexts
D2 - Applying knowledge and understanding
At the end of the course, students will be able to interpret the main theories of citizenship and apply them to contemporary cases in a variety of contexts, by understanding their implications in concrete cases from a perspective of “law in action”

D3 - Making judgements
By the end of the course, students will be able to autonomously elaborate the acquired notions, as well as to develop critical judgement skills, through the examination of key concepts of legal-philosophical reflection related to citizenship

D4 - Communication skills
By the end of the course, students will have developed terminological accuracy related to the legal and philosophical notions and the ability to communicate in English in public, in particular, having learned to present the acquired knowledge (referred to in points D1 and D2) with an appropriate language. By learning the notions of theoretical and legal-philosophical language, students will be able to communicate content of specific meaning in the legal field
D5 - Learning skills
By the end of the course, students will have acquired the ability to develop arguments suitable for supporting theses on the topics covered within the course and to acquire the proper instruments for an autonomous and adequate updating

Learning objectives

D1 - Knowledge and understanding
The main learning objective is to provide students, through a critical approach, with the acquisition of a sound knowledge of the most relevant topics, categories and authors of legal philosophy relating to citizenship. Through the knowledge acquired, students will be able to develop a specific sensitiveness to the interpretation of “citizenship” within legal philosophy, bearing in mind both fundamental legal notions and its development in relation to subjects and contexts
D2 - Applying knowledge and understanding
At the end of the course, students will be able to interpret the main theories of citizenship and apply them to contemporary cases in a variety of contexts, by understanding their implications in concrete cases from a perspective of “law in action”

D3 - Making judgements
By the end of the course, students will be able to autonomously elaborate the acquired notions, as well as to develop critical judgement skills, through the examination of key concepts of legal-philosophical reflection related to citizenship

D4 - Communication skills
By the end of the course, students will have developed terminological accuracy related to the legal and philosophical notions and the ability to communicate in English in public, in particular, having learned to present the acquired knowledge (referred to in points D1 and D2) with an appropriate language. By learning the notions of theoretical and legal-philosophical language, students will be able to communicate content of specific meaning in the legal field
D5 - Learning skills
By the end of the course, students will have acquired the ability to develop arguments suitable for supporting theses on the topics covered within the course and to acquire the proper instruments for an autonomous and adequate updating

Learning objectives

1) Knowledge and understanding
Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
Demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of key theories and debates in Environmental Sociology, Ecological Economics, and Political Ecology.
Explain the interconnections between social systems, economic structures, and environmental processes.
Identify how power relations, inequality, and communication shape environmental issues and their governance.
Recognize the implications of environmental change for security, human rights, and social justice.
2) Applying knowledge and understanding
Students will be able to:
Apply sociological and economic frameworks to analyze real-world environmental problems and conflicts.
Employ theoretical and analytical tools to evaluate sustainability policies, economic transitions, and communication strategies.
Develop integrative analyses that connect local and global case studies of environmental governance and justice.
Use strategic communication methods to design effective advocacy and policy-oriented responses to environmental challenges.
3) Making judgements
Students will learn to:
Critically assess economic, political, and communicative narratives about environmental change and sustainability.
Identify ethical and justice dimensions in environmental policies and governance frameworks.
Form independent, evidence-based judgements about the social and economic causes and consequences of environmental degradation.
Evaluate competing paradigms of growth, sustainability, and transition from a rights- based and justice-oriented perspective.

4) Communication skills
Students will acquire the ability to:
Present sociological and economic arguments clearly and persuasively in both oral and written forms.
Engage in informed debates about environmental issues, policy, and communication practices.
Translate academic insights into policy briefs, media messages, and advocacy materials.
Collaborate effectively in group discussions, presentations, and research projects.
5) Learning skills
By the end of the course, students will be able to:
Work autonomously and collaboratively in research and problem-solving related to environmental issues.
Integrate interdisciplinary knowledge from sociology, economics, and communication studies.
Critically read and synthesize academic and policy sources.
Continue independent learning in areas of environmental governance and strategic communication.

Learning objectives

Knowledge and understanding
Graduates of the course will acquire rigorous scientific knowledge, advanced skills, and in-depth competencies in the foundational principles of bioethics and artificial intelligence (AI) ethics, with particular emphasis on their relationship to environmental sustainability. Students will develop a comprehensive understanding of the ethical and societal implications arising from the design, deployment, and regulation of biotechnological and AI systems, including the ethical challenges associated with their use in pursuit of sustainability objectives.
The course provides a strong grounding in applied ethics, enabling students to critically examine real-world cases and emerging technologies. Through an interdisciplinary approach, students will gain the conceptual tools necessary to analyze core ethical principles (autonomy, justice, beneficence, non-maleficence, interpretability, and responsibility) and their application across interconnected domains at the intersection of science, technology, society, and sustainability, fostering informed and responsible
decision-making.
Applying knowledge and understanding
Students will be able to translate theoretical knowledge into practical action and independently address complex ethical challenges in bioethics and AI ethics with relevance to sustainability. Through rigorous case studies and real-world scenarios, they will synthesize knowledge, apply ethical critical reasoning, and design robust decision-making frameworks, enabling them to evaluate, navigate, and implement ethically informed solutions across interdisciplinary contexts.
Making judgements
Students will be able to independently interpret and evaluate both foundational and applied knowledge in bioethics and AI ethics in sustainability. This capacity will be developed through practical activities, interactive exercises, and real-world case analyses, enabling students to exercise critical judgment, weigh ethical dilemmas, and make informed decisions in complex and interdisciplinary contexts.
Communication skills
Students will be able to communicate acquired and experiential knowledge, findings, and insights in bioethics, AI ethics, and sustainability with clarity, rigor, and analytical precision. This competence will be developed through presentations and interactive discussions during lectures and case study analyses, enabling students to convey complex ethical and scientific ideas, justify their reasoning, and engage effectively in interdisciplinary and professional contexts.
Learning skills
The course aims to foster students’ curiosity and motivation for continued in-depth learning in the fields of bioethics, AI ethics, and sustainability. Students will acquire research methods, decision-making tools, and critical thinking skills that enable them to independently expand and deepen their knowledge and competencies. This capacity will be developed through active participation in classroom discussions, debates, and case study analyses, promoting reflective learning and the ability to engage in
ongoing professional and scholarly development.

CHOICE GROUPS YEAR/SEMESTER CFU SSD LANGUAGE
ONE SUBJECT OF YOUR CHOICE FROM: SUSTAINABILITY AND GLOBAL THREATS, DIGITAL EVIDENCE AND HUMAN RIGHTS, HUMAN RIGHTS AND SECURITY IN EU CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION - 6 - -
121183 - SUSTAINABILITY AND GLOBAL THREATS - 6 - -
121183_1 - SUSTAINABILITY AND GLOBAL THREATS First Year / Second Semester 3 SPS/03 ENG
121183_2 - SUSTAINABILITY AND GLOBAL THREATS First Year / Second Semester 3 AGR/06 ENG
121184 - DIGITAL EVIDENCE AND HUMAN RIGHTS First Year / Second Semester 6 IUS/15 ENG
121185 - HUMAN RIGHTS AND SECURITY IN EU CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS First Year / Second Semester 6 IUS/16 ENG
RELATED OR SUPPLEMENTARY EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES FOR A TOTAL OF 8 CFU - 8 - -
119160 - STAGE First Year / Second Semester 8 eng
119159 - SUMMER TRAINING SCHOOL First Year / Second Semester 8 eng
121268 - ERASMUS TRAINEESHIP First Year / Second Semester 8 ENG
ELECTIVE COURSES - 12 - -
119164 - ELECTIVE COURSES Second Year / Second Semester 6 eng
119158 - ELECTIVE COURSES Second Year / Second Semester 12 eng
119165 - ELECTIVE COURSES Second Year / Second Semester 6 eng
ONE SUBJECT OF YOUR CHOICE FROM: BORDERS OF SOCIAL LABOUR RIGHTS IN EUROPE, MIGRATION AND INTEGRATION POLICIES IN POST - WAR EUROPE, HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF CITIZENSHIP - 6 - -
121247 - BORDERS OF SOCIAL AND LABOUR RIGHTS IN EUROPE Second Year / Second Semester 6 IUS/07 ENG
121249 - MIGRATION AND INTEGRATION POLICIES IN POST - WAR EUROPE Second Year / Second Semester 6 M-STO/04 ENG
121248 - HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF CITIZENSHIP - 6 - -
121248_1 - HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF CITIZENSHIP Second Year / Second Semester 3 IUS/19 ENG
121248_2 - HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF CITIZENSHIP Second Year / Second Semester 3 IUS/20 ENG
ONONE SUBJECT OF YOUR CHOICE FROM: SOCIOLOGY AND ECONOMICS OF ENVIRONMENT, BIOETHICS AI ETHICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY - 6 - -
121230 - SOCIOLOGY AND ECONOMICS OF ENVIRONMENT Second Year / Second Semester 6 SPS/07 ENG
121231 - BIOETHICS, AI ETHICS, AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY Second Year / Second Semester 6 AGR/06 ENG